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3. Soil nitrous oxide emissions in a maize (Zea mays L.) crop in response to nitrogen fertilisation

Author

Alvarez, Carolina, Alvarez, Carina R., Alves, Bruno J.R., and Costantini, Alejandro O.

Subjects
Corn -- Chemical properties, Greenhouse gases, Soil research, Air quality management, Leaching, Crop yields, Soils -- Nitrogen content, Agricultural industry, Earth sciences
Abstract

Context. An appropriate use of the fertiliser technology may lead to a more efficient N absorption and to the reduction of economic and environmental costs. Aims. This study sought to quantify [N.sub.2]O emissions generated from soil and the residual nitrate (N[O.sub.3.sup.-]) up to 2m depth in field conditions in a maize crop under supplementary irrigation and fertilised with two nitrogen (N) sources (UAN and urea) at increasing N rates (0, 80, 160 and 250 kg N [ha.sup.-1]) in the Semi-arid Argentine Pampas. Methods. Throughout the crop cycle, emissions were monitored daily with static chambers during the first week after fertilisation; then sampling frequency was gradually reduced until the end of the experiment. Key results. There were no yield responses to the use of different sources and N rates. Crop N uptake saturated at 80 kg N [ha.sup.-1], reaching 300-310 kg N [ha.sup.-1]. Residual N[O.sub.3.sup.-] increased significantly with the highest rates of N fertiliser. Total [N.sub.2]O emissions differed significantly only among fertiliser rates. The [N.sub.2]O emissions were lower at 80 than at 160 and 250 kg N [ha.sup.-1]. Conclusions. The [N.sub.2]O emissions measured were lower than those calculated by the IPCC, even when only direct emissions were considered. No grain yield increase was observed due to N fertilisation, with a non-limiting supply of N-N[O.sub.3.sup.-] at the beginning of the crop cycle and of N from mineralisation. Implications. This excess of N can generate negative environmental effects due to higher emissions of [N.sub.2]O and residual N-N[O.sub.3.sup.-] that can be leached. Keywords: Argentinean Pampas, environmental effects, greenhouse gases, irrigation, maize yield, nitrate leaching, UAN, urea., Introduction About 80% of cereal and oilseed production in Argentina comes from the Pampean region, mostly soybean, maize and wheat crops (Klein and Vidal Luna 2021). In 2019, maize production [...]

Published
2022
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4. Forage peanut legume as a strategy for improving beef production without increasing livestock greenhouse gas emissions

Author

G. C. Homem, Bruno, primary, Borges, Lucas P.C., additional, Braz G. de Lima, Italo, additional, Guimarães, Bianca C., additional, Spasiani, Paola P., additional, Ferreira, Igor M., additional, Meo-Filho, Paulo, additional, Berndt, Alexandre, additional, Alves, Bruno J.R., additional, Urquiaga, Segundo, additional, Boddey, Robert M., additional, and Casagrande, Daniel R., additional

Published
2024
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8. Can Nitrogen Derived from N2 Fixation by Forage Legumes Build Soil Organic Matter to Rival Fertilizer N in the Atlantic Forest Region of Brazil?

Author

Boddey, Robert Michael, primary, dos Santos Souza, Wesley, additional, de Paula Rezende, Claudia, additional, Pereira, José Marques, additional, Monteiro, Rafael Cassador, additional, dos Santos, Camila Almeida, additional, Alecrim, Fabiano Barbosa, additional, Pinheiro, Érika Flávia Machado, additional, de Campos, David Villas Boas, additional, Urquiaga, Segundo, additional, and Alves, Bruno J.R., additional

Published
2023
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10. Nitrogen mineralisation and N2O emissions in pure and mixed-species plantations of Eucalyptus urograndis and Acacia mangium

Author

Santos, Felipe Martini, Balieiro, Fabiano de Carvalho, Ataíde, Danilo Henrique dos Santos, Rocha, Pedro Vaz da, Alves, Bruno J.R., and Chaer, Guilherme M.

Abstract

We hypothesised that N inputs to the soil from residues of adult trees of Acacia mangium Willd. increase soil nitrate availability and consequently induce higher nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes, irrespective of being in pure or mixed stands with Eucalyptus. A randomised block-design experiment was set up on Haplic Planosol in Brazil to study the impact of monospecific stands of Eucalyptus urograndis (Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake × Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden) fertilised with 120 kg N ha−1 (E100+N) and A. mangium (A100), along with the mixture of both species (E50A50) on soil N mineralisation and its relationship with soil N2O emissions. In situ monitoring of N mineralisation, N2O emissions and the soil N stocks was carried out between five- and six-year-old plantations. The total soil net mineralisation of N that was accumulated in plantations A100 and E50A50 was on average 3.5- and 2.5-times greater than in the E100+N plantation. The NO3 − produced throughout the year by the plantations was proportional to the total net mineralisation, according to the following order of production scale: A100 > E50A50 > E100+N. Furthermore, N2O emissions in the plantations that included A. mangium (A100 and E50A50) were significantly higher in some periods of the year, as compared with in the E100+N plantation. This pattern caused a more pronounced curve of accumulated N2O emissions under A. mangium plantations (pure and mixed) as compared with the monospecific Eucalyptus plantation (E100+N). However, the magnitude of N accumulation emissions suggests that mixed plantations could increase the nutritional status of sandy soils.&nbsp

Published
2022

15. A simple and easy method to measure ammonia volatilization: Accuracy under field conditions

Author

MARTINS, Márcio R., primary, SARKIS, Leonardo F., additional, GUARESCHI, Roni F., additional, SANTOS, Camila A., additional, SANT'ANNA, Selenobaldo A.C., additional, ZAMAN, Mohammad, additional, JANTALIA, Claudia P., additional, ALVES, Bruno J.R., additional, BODDEY, Robert M., additional, ARAÚJO, Ednaldo S., additional, and URQUIAGA, Segundo, additional

Published
2021
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16. Optimizing the use of open chambers to measure ammonia volatilization in field plots amended with urea

Author

MARTINS, Márcio R., primary, SARKIS, Leonardo F., additional, SANT'ANNA, Selenobaldo A.C., additional, SANTOS, Camila A., additional, ARAUJO, Karla E., additional, SANTOS, Ricardo C., additional, ARAÚJO, Ednaldo S., additional, ALVES, Bruno J.R., additional, JANTALIA, Claudia P., additional, BODDEY, Robert M., additional, ZAMAN, Mohammad, additional, and URQUIAGA, Segundo, additional

Published
2021
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20. Nitrous oxide, methane, and ammonia emissions from cattle excreta on Brachiaria decumbens growing in monoculture or silvopasture with Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus grandis

Author

Bretas, Igor L., primary, Paciullo, Domingos S.C., additional, Alves, Bruno J.R., additional, Martins, Márcio R., additional, Cardoso, Abmael S., additional, Lima, Marina A., additional, Rodrigues, Renato A.R., additional, Silva, Fabyano F., additional, and Chizzotti, Fernanda H.M., additional

Published
2020
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23. SILVA, G. S. P. L. da; SILVA, F. C. da; ALVES, B. J. R.; TOMAZ, E.; MARCHIORI, L. F. S.; BERTON, R. S.; SILVEIRA, F. G. da. Efeitos da aplicação de vinhaça 'in natura' ou concentrada associado ao N-fertilizante em soqueira de cana-de-açúcar. In: CONGRESSO NACIONAL DA SOCIEDADE DOS TÉCNICOS AÇUCAREIROS E ALCOOLEIROS DO BRASIL, 10., 2016, Ribeirão Preto. Anais... Ribeirão Preto: STAB, 2016. p. 74-78

Author

Silva, Fabio Cesar Da, Silva, Gael Silvia Peñaranda Liendo Da, Alves, Bruno J.R., Tomaz, Edson, Marchiori, Luis Fernando S., and Berton, Ronaldo Severiano

Published
2016
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28. Legumes for mitigation of climate change and the provision of feedstock for biofuels and biorefineries. A review

Author

Jensen, Erik S., Peoples, Mark B., Boddey, Robert M., Gresshoff, Peter M., Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik, Alves, Bruno J.R., Morrison, Malcolm J., Jensen, Erik S., Peoples, Mark B., Boddey, Robert M., Gresshoff, Peter M., Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik, Alves, Bruno J.R., and Morrison, Malcolm J.

Abstract

Legumes are unique plants which contribute with several functions and services of great value for agriculture and society. Including legume food, forage and tree crops in farming systems is one approach to mitigate climate change. We have shown that the ability of the legumes to fix there own N via the symbiosis with rhizobia will reduce CO2 and N2O emissions compared to crops fertilized with industrial N. There is, however, a requirement to better understand the potential residual effects of legumes on N2O emissions. We have similarly shown that legumes have a key role in soilC sequestration and that the inclusion of legumes as sole crops, cover crops or intercrops usually enhances the rate of soil C accumulation even within relative short time periods. Legumes are not likely, in the short-term, to be used as monoculture crops for biorefinery feedstock, due to their relatively low DM yield. They are, however, important components of future diversified sustainable cropping systems that are not in direct competition with land for food production and can be production on marginal/surplus lands and degraded or drastically disturbed soils including production of biomass for non-food purposes to substitute fossil hydrocarbons. Perennial legumes (alfalfa, clover, various tree and shrub species) as sole crops or mixtures with grasses could have a unique role in producing biomass for biorefinery and simultaneously building soil organic matter and fertility without the requirement for N-fertilization Future sustainable agricultural systems require novel solutions for agriculture to help society with climate change mitigation producing biofuels, materials and chemicals. One of the key paradigms for future sustainable agriculture is multifunctionality of system and crops. Agriculture must supply several services from the use of the same piece of land and the key principle to obtain this is diversity time ond space involving cropping systems as well as crop species. Thus, legum

Published
2012

29. Legumes for mitigation of climate change and feedstock in a bio-based economy - a review

Author

Jensen, Erik S., Peoples, Mark B., Boddey, Robert M., Gresshoff, Peter M., Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik, Alves, Bruno J.R., Morrison, Malcolm J., Jensen, Erik S., Peoples, Mark B., Boddey, Robert M., Gresshoff, Peter M., Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik, Alves, Bruno J.R., and Morrison, Malcolm J.

Abstract

Legumes are unique plants which contribute with several functions and services of great value for agriculture and society. Including legume food, forage and tree crops in farming systems is one approach to mitigate climate change. We have shown that the ability of the legumes to fix there own N via the symbiosis with rhizobia will reduce CO2 and N2O emissions compared to crops fertilized with industrial N. There is, however, a requirement to better understand the potential residual effects of legumes on N2O emissions. We have similarly shown that legumes have a key role in soilC sequestration and that the inclusion of legumes as sole crops, cover crops or intercrops usually enhances the rate of soil C accumulation even within relative short time periods. Legumes are not likely, in the short-term, to be used as monoculture crops for biorefinery feedstock, due to their relatively low DM yield. They are, however, important components of future diversified sustainable cropping systems that are not in direct competition with land for food production and can be production on marginal/surplus lands and degraded or drastically disturbed soils including production of biomass for non-food purposes to substitute fossil hydrocarbons. Perennial legumes (alfalfa, clover, various tree and shrub species) as sole crops or mixtures with grasses could have a unique role in producing biomass for biorefinery and simultaneously building soil organic matter and fertility without the requirement for N-fertilization Future sustainable agricultural systems require novel solutions for agriculture to help society with climate change mitigation producing biofuels, materials and chemicals. One of the key paradigms for future sustainable agriculture is multifunctionality of system and crops. Agriculture must supply several services from the use of the same piece of land and the key principle to obtain this is diversity time ond space involving cropping systems as well as crop species. Thus, legum

Published
2011

35. Carbon accumulation at depth in Ferralsols under zero-till subtropical agriculture

Author

BODDEY, ROBERT M., primary, JANTALIA, CLAUDIA P., additional, CONCEIÇÃO, PAULO C., additional, ZANATTA, JOSILEIA A., additional, BAYER, CIMÉLIO, additional, MIELNICZUK, JOÃO, additional, DIECKOW, JEFERSON, additional, DOS SANTOS, HENRIQUE P., additional, DENARDIN, JOSÉ E., additional, AITA, CELSO, additional, GIACOMINI, SANDRO J., additional, ALVES, BRUNO J.R., additional, and URQUIAGA, SEGUNDO, additional

Published
2010
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41. Selection of the most suitable sampling time for static chambers for the estimation of daily mean N2O flux from soils

Author

Alves, Bruno J.R., Smith, Keith A., Flores, Rilner A., Cardoso, Abmael S., Oliveira, William R.D., Jantalia, Claudia P., Urquiaga, Segundo, and Boddey, Robert M.

Subjects
*NITROGEN in soils, *SOIL sampling, *SOIL temperature, *REGRESSION analysis, *ESTIMATION theory, *NITROGEN dioxide
Abstract

Abstract: Soil N2O fluxes are frequently assessed by the use of static chambers with a single daily sampling. In this study, two experiments were conducted in two contrasting climatic locations, one in Edinburgh, UK, and the other at Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Soil N2O fluxes were monitored every 6 h for 30 days during the summer in Edinburgh by the use of an automatic chamber system, and every 3 h for 5 days at Seropédica, using a manually-sampled static chamber. Air and soil temperatures were also measured at the same time as the N2O fluxes. The principal driver of N2O flux within any diurnal period was found to be soil temperature. Regression analysis showed that, for both places, the evenings (21:00–22:00 h) and mornings (09:00–10:00 h), were the times that the flux best represented the daily mean. The ability to work in daylight make the morning period the preferred one. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2012
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42. Soil Carbon Stocks under Productive and Degraded BrachiariaPastures in the Brazilian Cerrado

Author

Braz, Sérgio P., Urquiaga, Segundo, Alves, Bruno J.R., Jantalia, Claudia P., Guimarães, Ana Paula., Santos, Camila A., Santos, Sashia C., Machado Pinheiro, Érika F., and Boddey, Robert M.

Abstract

In the central savannah (Cerrados) region of Brazil approximately 50 Mha are occupied by Brachiariapastures, most of which are classified as degraded. There are few reliable data on soil C stocks under planted pastures in this region and how soil C has been affected by their establishment and subsequent decline in productivity. This study was performed to compare soil C stocks under native Cerrado vegetation (NV) and productive (PP) and degraded pastures (DP) at four sites (chronosequences). Soil texture, bulk density, and 13C abundance were investigated as candidate indicators for validation of the chronosequences. Productivity of the pastures at each site was evaluated using forage regrowth, existing and deposited litter, and the light fraction of soil organic matter (SOM). At all sites, the soil C stocks were higher under the PP than under the neighboring NV, and stocks under the DP were intermediate or very similar to the stocks under the NV. Soil 13C abundance and C to N ratio suggested that SOM derived from NV was lost at a very low rate except in the surface layers (0–20 cm) and that soil C lost as pastures declined in productivity was principally derived from the pasture grass Brachiaria. The difference between soil C stocks under NV and PP was only 6 to 7 Mg C ha‐1at two sites with lower clay content (11 and 16%, respectively) but reached 12 Mg C ha‐1at Site C (46% clay) and 47 Mg C ha‐1at Site D (67% clay).

Published
2013
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43. 15N natural abundance of biologically fixed N2 in soybean is controlled more by the Bradyrhizobium strain than by the variety of the host plant

Author

Pauferro, Natalie, Guimarães, Ana Paula, Jantalia, Claudia P., Urquiaga, Segundo, Alves, Bruno J.R., and Boddey, Robert M.

Subjects
*NITROGEN fixation, *SOYBEAN, *GRAM-negative bacteria, *HOST plants, *LEGUMES, *AMMONIUM sulfate, *PLANT shoots, *POTS
Abstract

Abstract: The 15N natural abundance technique is one of those most easily applied ‘on farm’ to evaluate the contribution of biological N2 fixation (BNF) to legume crops. When proportional BNF inputs are high, the accuracy of this technique is highly dependent on an accurate estimate of the 15N abundance of the N derived from N2 fixation (the ‘B’ value). The objective of this study was to determine the influence of soybean variety on ‘B’ value. Plants of five soybean varieties were inoculated separately with two Bradyrhizobium strains (one Bradyrhizobium japonicum and one Bradyrhizobium elkanii) grown in pots of soil virtually free of bradyrhizobia capable of nodulating soybean. The proportion of N derived from BNF (%Ndfa) was estimated in separate pots where a small quantity of enriched 15N ammonium sulphate was added. The %Ndfa was then used with the 15N natural abundance data of the nodulated soybean and non-N2-fixing reference plants, to determine the ‘B’ value for each soybean variety/Bradyrhizobium association. The varieties nodulated by the B. japonicum strain showed significantly greater N content and %Ndfa than those nodulated by the B. elkanii strain, and in all cases the ‘B’ value of the shoot tissue (‘B s’) was higher. The differences in ‘B s’ values between varieties nodulated by the same Bradyrhizobium strain were insignificant, indicating that this parameter is influenced much more by the Bradyrhizobium strain than by the variety of the host plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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