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Fundamento: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen la principal causa de mortalidad en España. El objetivo del estudio es estudiar la asociación entre la agrupación (clustering) de factores de riesgo cardiovascular y el riesgo de padecer eventos cardiovasculares mayores: cardiopatía isquémica, enfermedad cerebrovascular y arteriopatía periférica de extremidades inferiores. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, realizado en un centro de salud urbano. Se estudiaron 2.248 historias clínicas de personas con edad igual o superior a 15 años, seleccionadas mediante muestreo aleatorio simple. Los datos se obtuvieron por revisión de las historias clínicas, estimando la odds ratio (OR) para padecer algún evento cardiovascular (n = 224), cardiopatía isquémica (n = 123), enfermedad cerebrovascular (n = 84) y arteriopatía periférica (n = 55) respecto al número de factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Se incluyeron los factores de riesgo cardiovascular tabaquismo, hipertensión arterial, hipercolesterolemia, hipertrigliceridemia, diabetes y obesidad. La OR fue ajustada por edad y sexo. Resultados: El porcentaje de pacientes con 0,1, 2, 3 y 4-6 factores de riesgo cardiovascular fue de 39,1, 32,8, 17,5, 6,9 y 3,7 respectivamente. Las OR para el riesgo de tener algún evento cardiovascular asociada a 1, 2, 3 y 4-6 factores de riesgo cardiovascular fueron de 1,6 (IC95%: 0,9-2,7), 2,8 (IC95%: 1,7-4,7), 3,6 (IC95%: 1,9-6,5) y 5,6 (IC95%: 2,9-10,8), respectivamente. Las OR para la cardiopatía isquémica, asociada a los mismos niveles de riesgo, fueron de 2,3 (IC95%: 1,1-4,6), 2,5 (IC95%: 1,2-5,2), 5,3 (IC95%: 2,4-11,5) y 6,2 (IC95%: 2,7-14,3), respectivamente. Para la enfermedad cerebrovascular las OR fueron 1,1 (IC95%: 0,5-2,5), 2,3 (IC95%: 1,2-5,3), 2,4 (IC95%: 1,0-5,9) y 5,6 (IC95%: 2,2-14,1), respectivamente. Las OR para la arteriopatía periférica fueron 2,1 (IC95%: 0,8-5,9 ), 3,7 (IC95%: 1,3-10,5), 3,3 (IC95%: 1,0-11,1) y 6,1 (IC95%: 1,8-20,3), respectivamente. Conclusiones: La adición de factores de riesgo cardiovascular se asocia a un aumento del riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares. Este hecho refuerza la necesidad de realizar una prevención primaria de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular

Introduction and Objectives: To study the prevalence of and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in primary care., Patients and Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out at an urban health center in Barcelona, Spain. In total, 2248 patients > or =15 years old were selected randomly from medical records. The study investigated cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral arterial disease, and cardiovascular risk factors such as age, sex, smoking, high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and diabetes mellitus., Results: The patients' mean age was 49.1 (18.9) years and 53.5% were male. Cardiovascular risk factor prevalences were: smoking, 35.2%; high blood pressure, 33.7%; hypercholesterolemia, 21.9%; hypertriglyceridemia,12.7%; and diabetes mellitus, 15.8%. Overall, 57.9% of patients had at least 1 cardiovascular risk factor. Significantly more males presented with each risk factor (P<.05), apart from high blood pressure. The prevalence of all risk factors, except smoking, increased with age until 74 years and then stabilized, except high blood pressure, which continued to increase. Around 10% had cardiovascular disease, with myocardial ischemia in 5.5%, cerebrovascular disease in 3.7%, and peripheral arterial disease in 2.4%. All except cerebrovascular disease were significantly more common in males (P<.05). The prevalence of cardiovascular disease was low in individuals <55 years old, particularly women, and increased with age for all forms of disease. Some 68.3% were > or =65 years old., Conclusions: The high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was confirmed. Cardiovascular disease was more common in males and the elderly.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality in Spain. The aim of this work was to study the association between clustering of cardiovascular risk factors and the risk of suffering major cardiovascular events: ischemic cardiopathy, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral arteriopathy of the lower limbs., Method: A descriptive transversal study was carried out in a city health centre, with a total of 2248 patients selected by simple random sampling of the clinical records with a mean age of 15 years. The data were obtained by examining the clinical records and estimating Odds Ratios (OR) for any cardiovascular event (n = 224), ischemic cardiopathy (n = 123), cerebrovascular disease (n = 84) and peripheral arteriopathy (n = 55) in relation to the number of cardiovascular risk factors. The cardiovascular risk factors included in the study were smoking, arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes and obesity. The OR was adjusted for age and sex., Results: The percentage of patients with 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4-6 cardiovascular risk factors was 39.1, 32.8, 17.5, 6.9 and 3.7 respectively. The OR for experiencing a cardiovascular event associated to 1, 2, 3 and 4-6 cardiovascular risk factors was 1.6 (CI95%: 0.9-2.7), 2.8 (CI95%: 1.7-4.7), 3.6 (CI95%: 1.9-6.5) and 5.6 (CI95%: 2.9-10.8), respectively. The OR for ischemic cardiopathy associated to the same risk levels were 2.3 (CI95%: 1.1-4.6), 2.5 (CI95%: 1.2-5.2), 5.3 (CI95%: 2.4-11.5) and 6.2 (CI95%: 2.7-14.3), respectively. For cardiovascular disease, the OR were 1.1 (CI95%: 0.5-2.5), 2.3 (CI95%: 1.2-5.3), 2.4 (CI95%: 1.0-5.9) and 5.6 (CI95%: 2.2-14.1), respectively. The OR for peripheral arteriopathy were 2.1 (CI95%: 0.8-5.9), 3.7 (CI95%: 1.3-10.5), 3.3 (CI95%: 1.0-11.1) and 6.1 (CI95%: 1.8-20.3), respectively., Conclusions: The addition of cardiovascular risk factors is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. This finding emphasises the need for prevention of cardiovascular risk factors in primary care.

Objective: To study the cardiovascular risk (CVR) associated with the diagnostic criteria for diabetes proposed by the American Diabetes Association., Design: Cross-sectional, descriptive study., Setting: Urban health district., Patients: 1840 patients > 14 years old, selected by simple randomised sampling from the clinical records (CR) archive, were studied., Method: Through review of the CR, the patients were classified as having: normal glycaemia, disturbed basal glycaemia (DBG) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). CVR was studied through the simplified Framingham method and the CVR factors of obesity, tobacco dependency, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia. The likelihood of having high or very high CVR and the CVR factors described in the patients with DBG or DM2 were compared with the same in those with normal glycaemia, through logistical regression with the odds ratio adjusted for age and sex., Results: 1351 patients were classified: 995 with normal glycaemia, 146 with DBG and 210 with DM2. Patients with DBG or DM2 had greater likelihood of high or very high CVR, with some OR at 2.26 (95% CI, 1.39-3.69) and 2.74 (95% CI, 1.81-4.15), respectively. They also had differences (p < 0.05) for obesity (OR, 1.76 and 1.58), hypertension (OR, 1.75 and 2.15) and hypertriglyceridaemia (OR, 1.73 and 2.70), respectively. There were no differences (p > 0.05) for tobacco dependency and hypercholesterolaemia. No differences were found (p > 0.05) between DBG and DM2 for CVR and the CVR factors studied., Conclusions: Patients with DBG and DM2 are at high CVR.