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The second article of the series considers the issues of inter-row and near-trunk land cultivation in orchards. As a result of the study and analysis of the literature, a classification and comparative evaluation of the existing machines intended for the cultivation of the mentioned areas was implemented. Both the advantages and disadvantages of rotary tillers with horizontal and vertical rotation axis were indicated. It has been stated that from the prospect of agro-technological and technical requirements of the mentioned machines, rotary tillers with vertical axis are preferable, which, anyhow, need to be upgraded. Based on the above stated, it has been recommended to select planetary mechanism with external gear as a transmission mechanism for the rotary tiller, which will enable to provide high rotation numbers for the disc of the tillers’ blade in case of relatively fewer rotation numbers of the rotor. It is theoretically justified and experimentally confirmed that from the point of view of effective tillage and a sharp decrease in the traction resistance of the unit, the optimal number of satellite cutters is three, located at an angle of 1200 to each other, and the number of knives is two, with a symmetrical arrangement. The expressions derived in the result of dynamic research on the recommended mechanism, enable to identify the optimal geometric parameters for the installation of the tillers’ disc knives, in case of which the resistance force factors of the cultivated medium, including the traction resistance force of the unit will assume the possible minimum values in conditions of the stated regime.

Upon the investigations carried out in the regions/marzes of Armenia, it has been disclosed that the organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological indices of a number of milk samples, sold in different places not intended for their sale, don’t comply with those set for high-quality milk standards; infections with pathogens of brucellosis, tuberculosis and mastitis have been detected in the mentioned samples. Violation of sanitary-hygienic norms set per milk storage and transportation standards can cause food poisoning and toxicoinfections. Thus, it is recommended that food safety inspectorate bodies should impose and implement control over the private milk sale process at random places.

The purpose of the article is to study the new global phenomenon called the elite quality indicator (index). The global index for assessing the state's development opportunities was not accidentally presented to the world overwhelmed by the pandemic. The study was carried out on the basis of the data summarized in the annual reports of the global elite quality index published since 2020 and multi-layered criteria combining the potential of the state and the quality characteristics of the elite. Based on the results of conducted study, it is concluded that the elites are forming in order to expand the state's development opportunities within the model of creating, extracting and distributing values, which gives them strategic importance.

It has been established that cutters with a vertical rotation axis meet the mentioned requirements. As a result of their updating, a cutting machine with planetary mechanism with external gearing is recommended, which provides a large rotation number of the knife disk at low rotor speeds. Kinematic analysis of the transmission mechanism has been carried out, analytical expressions have been derived to determine the trajectory, speed, acceleration of the knife depending on the rotor frequency and gear ratio of the mechanism.

The second article of the series considers the method of theoretical solution to the problem of plants stems sliding cutting with the account for the rheological properties of the material. In the result of solving the differential equation for the behavior of rheological model selected for the stem, the normal and tangential stresses at the contact zone of blade and stem interaction have been determined. The basic stresses have been determined in the result of the stress states analyses. The obtained results enable to identify the optimal geometric and kinematic parameters, in case of which the sliding cutting can be implemented with minimum energy consumption.

Antibiotic resistance in various living animals as well as human organisms is considered one of the problems of our time. Antibiotics used for curative-prophylactic purposes in animals, as well as various feed additives and growth promoters, can cause resistance to the antibiotic. We have investigated biological samples of 50 cattles, and in 35 samples out of them were detected E-coli and in 9 cases Salmonella spp.es were found. Belonging to the group of enterobacter: Salmonella spp. and E-coli spp. were studied to determine their response to 16 antibiotics. According to the results of the research, the detected pathogenic microbes showed absolute, 100% resistance to 7 out of 16. It is recommended that the availability of antibiotics to livestock owners be tightened. Organize the sale of antibiotices only on the advice of a veterinarian. Add monitoring volumes of feed additives and growth promoters.

The purpose of the article is to point out the main issues of the local self-government system in the Republic of Armenia based on the analysis of the positive and negative aspects of enlargement process. The aim of the study is to present the changes in the conceptual basis of community enlargement in the light of recent socio-political reforms. The article examines the determinants of community enlargement creation of inter-community units to assess administrative-territorial changes steps to deepen decentralization. The research conducted on the basis of scientific general methodology. The study of the theoretical basis of enlargement process in the Armenian local self-government system is carried out using a comparative method of decentralization theories. The considerations presented in the context of the hypothesis, from the general to the private and vice versa, derived from the methods of induction and deduction. The legal-legislative bases regulating the field of local self-government were comprehensively analyzed. As a result, in the end of the research, it is concluded that the conceptual bases of enlargement need to be reconsidered, as it requires the simultaneous development of new socio-political realities and the modernization of the public administration system. On the other hand, the need to change the conceptual framework reforms is supported by the need to reconsider the issues existing in the local self-government system.

During the rotary soil tillage the blade of vertical cutter is constantly in the soil mass. In case of rigid attachment of the blades, the setting angle is selected so that in the most loaded part the cutting angle is in the optimal value range of 20-300. At the same time, in the remaining parts of the trajectory, especially behind the frontal section, the cutting angle reaches unacceptable values and the already cultivated soil is raked with the inner blade of the knife. The article considers the theoretical impact of individual factors, such as blade width, cutting-point angle, kinematic parameters and cutter diameter on the value of the blade cutting angle.

The research aims to determine the content of growth promoters, particularly residual hormone content in the meat samples of fish bred in the large artificial pond farms of Armenia and to assess their dietary exposure. The residual amounts of growth promoters were detected through the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method and confirmed upon the liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method. In some fish samples the hormone content exceeded the permissible level, but no health risks were found as a result of fish consumption. It is recommended to strengthen the state control in order to prevent the illegal usage of prohibited growth promoters in fish farming.

It is recommended to introduce electro-mechanical alarm system with new management methods for the adjustments of working parts in the tillers used for the cultivation of inter- trunk spaces in the perennial plantations. It will enable to apply relatively smaller forces (10-12 N instead of 150 N) for the drive of hydro-system. At the same time the improper mechanical impact on the tree trunk will be rejected enabling to use the machines equipped with the mentioned signaling systems in the orchards of all ages with any anatomical and morphological composition.

The article considers the issue related to the disclosure of the reasons for the abrupt reduction of resistance force factors in case of plants stems vibro-cutting in dense medium through theory-based investigations. The computation scheme of the liquid motion in the vicinity of vibro-blade has been recommended, which enabled to derive differential equation of the motion resulted under the impact of interaction forces between the vibro-blade and environment. It has been proved, that the liquid in the vibro-blade vicinity is subjected to rapid damped oscillation, due to which the environmental resistance forces and the energy consumption rates are reduced in about 20 times against the same indices recorded in case of vibrationless cutting.

Improvement of control systems for manipulators and robots was required implementation complex automation of production processes. It is necessary to have a reliable mathematical description of elastic mechanisms interacting during operation to solve problems of analysis and synthesis of control devices of force compensating manipulators (FCM). The work goal is the development of the mathematical description of elastic executive mechanisms (EM) of the ShBM-150M balanced manipulator. Studies have shown that low-frequency components of moved weight elastic vibrations are due to flexural deformation of a manipulator's shoulder and arm. Inertia equivalent values of manipulator links are changed by 2.2 between 3.7 times during vertical motion of cargo by manipulator with a constant weight. Total flexural deformation of shoulder and arm deflection is 25 mm during changing mass per 100 kg. And parameters of the mathematical model can be changed by 11 times, which needs adaptive control use.

The process of cutting with a blade is largely applied in technological equipment used in the agricultural production complex and is used to process raw materials with different physical and mechanical properties. Nonetheless, the relation between the parameters of processing with vibroblade and the rheological properties of the processed material is insufficiently studied, while it is an important issue of practical significance.As a result of laboratory experiments, it became possible to obtain the power characteristics of vibrocutting of common reed, establish an optimal combination of factors: vibration amplitude, frequency and the speed of the blade delivery to ensure the minimum vibro-cutting force. As a desirable kinematic regime, 𝐾 =𝑉/𝑉𝜏 , the following relation of speed of delivery and vibration speed of the toothed blade: ≅ 0.004.

Three variants of fertilization were carried out at common winter wheat of Avenue variety on a total area of 9 ha. Pre sowing application was performed with Yara Mila Triple (16% N, 16% P2O5, 16% K2O) and double nitrogen feeding with Yara Vera Amidas (40% N, 14% SO3) and Yara Bela Sulfan (24% N, 15% SO3, 11% CaO). The pre-sowing study of soil indicators showed that phosphorus can be blocked and more difficult to access for plants due to medium acid reaction of the soil. High levels of potassium have been reported, but additional mineral fertilization is still needed. The values of magnesium are very high, which requires saturating the soil solution with potassium ions until the normal ratio K: Mg of 3: 1 is reached. Very low sulphur content has a direct effect on nitrogen efficiency. The presented biomass maps show its increase after fertilization. Higher productivity, hectolitre weight and protein content in the grains were found for the harvest from field 1 (highest nitrogen fertilizer rate), which confirms the leading role of the macronutrient as a yield factor.

Research background: The coronavirus pandemic, which has affected all spheres of society and the economy, has formed new realities and conditions for modern world development. The governments of many countries have faced a choice of how to combine the security of citizens ’ lives and the need to resist the decline in production, employment, and income. Purpose of the article: The main purpose of the presented article is to study the instruments of stabilization policy during the pandemic and post-pandemic economy and to identify measures aimed at reorienting from ensuring monetary and budgetary stability to expanding effective demand and stimulating the economy. Methods: To conduct the study, we used official statistics data, the analysis of which allowed us to determine the degree of mutual influence of key parameters of economic development. Findings & Value added: The results show that in developed countries, support measures by monetary policy instruments are limited, so for the most part, fiscal mechanisms to support the population and business are implemented. In Russia, the opportunities to soften monetary policy with traditional monetary policy measures still retain some effectiveness. However, the current economic policy imposes a forced type of consumer behavior based on making financial decisions in the absence of choice, so such decisions form negative consequences — indebtedness and poverty. In this regard, recommendations are given for the implementation of stabilization policy instruments aimed at reorienting it from ensuring monetary and budgetary stability to stimulating the Russian economy and expanding the monetary base of demand.

The purpose of the article is to point out the priority issues of modernization of public administration system in the Republic of Armenia. Reassessment refers to periodic reevaluation of public administration theory’s provisions progress, growing importance and the role of public administration in the modern Armenian state. Taking into consideration the special status of public administration in transitional countries, the current research have been undertaken on the main issues of speedy development. Besides, the paper reviews a fresh and revised picture on public administration having target to make suggestions on further improvement the whole system. The study was conducted on theoretical basics of public administration, using a comparative method of classic and new public management concepts. Considering statements based on theory and formulating theory as an object, we proceed to substantiate, showing that from the point of view of political science, public administration is considered as a comparative and social activity, which means the influence of government policies and actions on the state and society. A brief outline of the conceptual framework for determining the main stages of public administration reforms in the Republic of Armenia and general relations with the bloc of Central and Eastern European countries is given. Summing up, our findings in this paper strongly suggest that modernization of the public administration should be carried out at three main levels: the state, the institutional and the social. The key point in this process is to develop the capacity to support policy.

The research results of parametric method of vibrations damping of multijoint manipulators elastic mechanisms by electric drive (ED) are presented. Symbolic expressions are given for determination of rational parameters of speed controller in ED subordinated control system (SCS) minimizing vibrations amplitude of manipulator executive mechanism (EM). A comparison of efficiency of elastic vibrations damping by ED is made for lift of ShBM-150M type manipulator with standard tunings of SCS motor speed controller and recommended parameters.