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This paper delves into the intricacies of the (2 + 1)-dimensional asymmetric Nizhnik–Novikov–Veselov ( ℕ ℕ ) model, a nonlinear partial differential equation governing ion-acoustic wave propagation in plasma. By employing advanced analytical and numerical approaches, the study explores innovative solitary wave solutions, particularly focusing on the dynamics of isochoric flow. Isochoric flow analysis is crucial for unraveling the complex behaviors exhibited by incompressible fluids like elastomers and bio-elastomers, which maintain a constant density. The derivation of the (2 + 1)-dimensional ℕ ℕ equation stems from fluid equations governing plasma dynamics. This model serves as a valuable tool for simulating experimental observations of plasma waves. The computational methodology applied in this research demonstrates a commendable level of precision and consistency, yielding novel solitary wave solutions previously unreported in the ℕ ℕ model. These results underscore the study's importance and novelty. The outcomes not only contribute to our understanding of incompressible fluid dynamics, but also lay the groundwork for future investigations in this domain. The revealed solitary wave solutions have the potential to inform the development of more accurate models for predicting fluid dynamics, thereby advancing the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composites PVA/CuO, which is made of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are created by the solution casting production process. The surface properties of the PVA/CuO composite were then altered using a cold cathode ion source for using these samples in optical devices. The PVA/CuO samples were exposed to argon fluencies of 3 × 1017, 6 × 1017, and 9 × 1017 ions.cm−2. By raising the fluence from 3 × 1017 to 9 × 1017 ions.cm−2, the contact angle is reduced from to 48.43° to 32.52°, while the work of adhesion increased from 119.93 mJ/m to a 132.86 mJ/m. Using the Wemple and Di-Domenico approach, the optical characteristics were computed. The absorption edge is reduced from 2.71 eV for PVA/CuO to 2.56, 1.99, and 1.82 eV, for the samples as exposed to 3 × 1017, 6 × 1017, and 9 × 1017 ions.cm−2 respectively. And the Urbach tail changed from 1.3 eV for the pure film to 1.6, 1.66, and 4.23 eV, and the bandgaps decrease from 3.67 eV to 3.56 eV, 3.48 eV, and 3.32 eV. The obtained results shows the irradiated PVA/CuO films are more applicable for use in optical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation aims to examine the resolution of the generalized nonlinear time fractional Harry Dym (ℕ ℍ) equation through a combined application of analytical and numerical methodologies. The primary objective is to scrutinize the equation's behavior and present proficient methodologies for its resolution. The Khater II analytical technique and numerical frameworks, specifically the Cubic-B-spline, Quantic-B-spline, and Septic-B-spline schemes, are proposed for this purpose. The outcomes of this inquiry yield substantial revelations regarding the characteristics of ℕ ℍ equation. Both the analytical approach and numerical schemes demonstrate their efficacy in yielding precise solutions. These findings carry noteworthy implications across various disciplines, encompassing physics, mathematics, and engineering. The investigated model appears in plasma physics research on soliton theory and nonlinear waves. Soliton waves, which keep their shape and velocity while propagating, are found in plasma physics and other domains. In plasma environments, the Harry Dym equation describes these solitons and their behavior. Solitons are essential for understanding plasma dynamics, including nonlinear waves and structures. They help comprehend plasma dynamics, wave interactions, and other nonlinear processes. The principal deductions drawn from this study underscore the effectiveness and viability of the proposed techniques in resolving the ℕ ℍ equation. This research introduces innovative contributions in terms of insights and methodologies pertinent to analogous nonlinear fractional equations. Its scope encompasses nonlinear dynamics, fractional calculus, and numerical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The films of P(4ClAni)/CuO, which formed of mixing poly 4-chloroaniline P(4ClAni) by CuO, were fabricated by the casting solution method. The XRD confirmed the successful prepration of the P(4ClAni)/CuO films. Additionally, the effect of CuO on the optical characteristics was determined. The CuO increased the refractive index from 1.09 for P(4ClAni) to 1.11 for P(4ClAni)/CuO-1, and 1.19 for P(4ClAni)/CuO-3, respectively, while the oscillation energy E0 dropped from 4.29 eV for P(4ClAni) to 3.57 eV for P(4ClAni)/CuO-1, 3.12 eV for P(4ClAni)/CuO-2, and 3.06 eV for P(4ClAni)/CuO-3. The charge transfer between P(4ClAni) and CuO increased optical conductivity as the CuO ratios increased. This suggests that modifications in the electronic structure of the composite due to the interactions between P(4ClAni) and CuO. Also, the plasma frequency increased from 0.87 x 1012 s−1 to 2.32 x 1012 s−1. These changes in optical parameters occurred when the polarization of the P(4ClAni)/CuO was altered. The study elucidated the advantages of incorporating CuO nanoparticles as fillers in improving the properties of P(4ClAni) structures. The obtained results indicate the P(4ClAni)/CuO composites were sucessfuly fabricated with novel characteristics that can be applied in flexible optical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces innovative analytical solutions for the (2 + 1) -dimensional nonlinear Jaulent–Miodek () equation, a governing model elucidating the propagation characteristics of nonlinear shallow water waves with finite amplitude. Employing analytical methodologies such as the Khater II and unified methods, alongside the Adomian decomposition method as a semi-analytical approach, series solutions are derived with the primary aim of elucidating the fundamental physics dictating the evolution of waves. Within the realm of nonlinear fluid dynamics, the equation encapsulates the behavior of irrotational, inviscid, and incompressible fluid flow, wherein nonlinear effects and dispersion intricately balance to yield stable propagating waves. This equation encompasses terms representing nonlinear convection, dispersion, and nonlinearity effects. The analytical methodologies employed in this investigation yield solutions for various instances of the equation, demonstrating convergence, accuracy, and computational efficiency. The outcomes reveal that the Adomian decomposition method yields solutions congruent with those obtained through analytical techniques, thereby affirming the precision of the derived solutions. Furthermore, this study advances the comprehension of the physical implications inherent in the equation, serving as a benchmark for evaluating alternative methodologies. The analytical approaches elucidated in this research furnish accessible tools for addressing a diverse array of nonlinear wave equations in mathematical physics and engineering domains. In summary, the introduction of novel exact and approximate solutions significantly contributes to the advancement of knowledge pertaining to the (2 + 1) -dimensional equation. The ramifications of this research extend to the modeling of shallow water waves, offering invaluable insights for researchers and practitioners engaged in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nonlinear Semilinear Dispersive-Fisher (SDF) model is an important equation describing wave dynamics in dispersive media influenced by nonlinear and diffusive effects. This study enhances both analytical and numerical methods to solve the SDF model and validate the solutions. We utilize the Modified Khater (MKhat) and Unified (UF) methods for analytical solutions, and He's Variational Iteration (HVI) scheme for numerical approximations. Our investigation connects the SDF model to other nonlinear equations like the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) and Fisher–Kolmogorov (FK) equations, demonstrating the consistency between analytical and numerical solutions. This research contributes to the understanding and modeling of wave phenomena in dispersive media with nonlinear and diffusive dynamics, offering refined analytical and numerical techniques specific to the SDF model. Key contributions include introducing the MKhat and UF methods for analytical solutions and employing the HVI scheme for numerical approximations, which are less represented in current literature. This work is positioned in mathematical physics, focusing on nonlinear evolution equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of the ion beam on the properties of composite PEO/NiO, which was fabricated using the solution casting method and applied in advanced dielectric applications. The samples were exposed to ion beam at different fluencies (5 × 1016, 10 × 1016, and 15 × 1016 ions/cm2) using cold cathode ion source. The structure of the pure and treated PEO/NiO films was studied using the XRD technique, which demonstrated the successful fabrication of the composite PEO/NiO. Moreover, the morphological changes were analyzed by SEM, which indicates the homogeneous distribution of NiO in PEO. Furthermore, the dielectric characteristics of PEO/NiO films were tested at a frequency range of 40–106 Hz. The dielectric constant enhanced from 22.8 for PEO/NiO to 128.5 for the irradiated 15 × 1016 ions/cm2, and the energy density enhanced from 1.1x10−4 to 5.6x10−4 J/m3. The results demonstrate that the irradiated PEO/NiO composite exhibits novel dielectric properties, allowing the use of the irradiated PEO/NiO composite in different devices as super-capacitors and batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation employs advanced computational techniques to ascertain novel and precise solitary wave solutions of the Camassa–Holm ( ℋ) equation, a partial differential equation governing wave phenomena in one-dimensional media. Originally designed for the representation of shallow water waves, the ℋ equation has exhibited versatility across various disciplines, including nonlinear optics and elasticity theory. It intricately delineates the interplay between nonlinear and dispersive effects in wave systems, with nonlinearity arising from component interactions and dispersion rooted in the temporal spreading of waves. Furthermore, the ℋ equation governs the spatiotemporal evolution of wave profiles, encompassing both nonlinear and dispersive influences. Notably, the equation allows for soliton solutions — localized wave packets sustaining their form over extended distances. The identification of precise solitary wave solutions holds paramount significance for comprehending the ℋ equation's behavior in diverse physical contexts, such as fluid dynamics and nonlinear optics. Moreover, this study establishes a correlation between the investigated model and plasma physics, demonstrating the efficacy and efficiency of the employed computational techniques through benchmarking against alternative computational methods. This augmentation underscores the broader relevance of the ℋ equation, extending its applicability to provide insights into wave phenomena analogous to those encountered in plasma physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study looks at the numerical results of magnetohydrodynamic liquid flowing across a stretching sheet at its stagnation point while also experiencing chemical reaction, viscous dissipation, thermal radiation and variable magnetic field. The fundamental partial differential equations that regulate physical phenomena are converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using the appropriate similarity transformations. Later, resolved by numerically using Mathematica. The effects of various non-dimensional parameters like velocity ratio parameter (λ), porosity (k), magnetic parameter (M), radiation parameter (R), chemical reaction parameter (γ), etc. on the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles as well as on the local skin-friction and the local Nusselt number are discussed in detail and displayed through graphs. The numerical evaluation of the physical quantities was provided in tabular form for the various values of the relevant stream parameters. It is important to note that magnetic field interaction increases concentration distribution and fluid temperature while decreasing velocities at all domain flow locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consequences of radiation absorption and diffusion-thermo on MHD incompressible water-based Jeffrey nanofluid (Cu and TiO2) free convection heat and mass transmission across an inclined plate embedded in a porous medium with changing boundary conditions are investigated in this work. The researchers looked at Cu–water and TiO2–water, which are considered nanofluids. The flow dimensionless governing differential equations for this investigation are solved analytically using the perturbation method. The effects of various important parameters on velocity, temperature, skin friction and Nusselt number within the boundary layer are discussed for Cu–water and TiO2–water-based nanofluid with the help of graphs. The predicted consequences indicate that the nanoparticles in the base fluid improve the heat transfer process significantly. In addition, the velocity and temperature profiles improve when there is an increase in the amount of radiation absorption, whereas velocity and temperature have observed opposite behaviour in the case of enhanced diffusion thermoparameters. On the other hand, the temperature will decrease due to increased thermal radiation and chemical reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, novel iron-based electrocatalysts, including Fe 2 Se 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , and Fe 2 Se 3 /Fe 2 O 3 heterostructures, have been developed to bring down overpotential in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Among these, the Fe 2 Se 3 /Fe 2 O 3 heterostructure emerges as a highly promising electrocatalyst for OER, offering exceptional efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and minimal overpotential. The Fe 2 Se 3 /Fe 2 O 3 electrocatalyst exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance, with a remarkable onset potential of 1.31 V (vs. RHE) and a minimum 160 mV overpotential at 20 mA/cm2 for OER. Notably, this prepared electrocatalyst demonstrates the lowest overpotential when compared to benchmark Fe-based OER electrocatalysts. Furthermore, during controlled potential electrolysis at 1.65 V (vs. RHE), the electrocatalyst maintains a stable current density of 65 mA/cm2, highlighting its impressive electrochemical robustness. The hydrothermal synthesis method used for the synthesis of Fe 2 Se 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , and their heterostructure is particularly very simple and straightforward. Which making them excellent candidates for water splitting applications, particularly in OER. These significant achievements accomplished through the utilization of non-precious metal electrocatalysts, open up new possibilities for practical OER implementations. Undoubtedly, these findings will greatly benefit the scientific community in the development of efficient electrocatalysts using non-noble metals for the electrochemical water splitting process. • The prepared Fe 2 Se 3 /Fe 2 O 3 demonstrates remarkable OER activity compared to benchmark Fe-based electrocatalysts. • The Fe 2 Se 3 /Fe 2 O 3 demonstrates competitive OER activity with low overpotentials (η) of 160 mV at 20 mAcm−2 current density. • The Fe 2 Se 3 /Fe 2 O 3 reveals excellent durability and stability. • Results highlight its standing as cost effective, alternative, and highly efficient electrocatalyst for OER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sluggish kinetics of electrolysis of water is the major challenge which hampers the practical dissociation of water in H 2 and O 2 gas. Electrocatalysts are particularly required to enhance the performance of the water splitting process. In this manuscript, the catalytic performance of nickel selenide/nickel oxide (NiSe/NiO) heterostructure and its counter parts are bestowed for water splitting. The formation of synthesized materials along with phase structure were characterized by the XRD and the SEM was used for surface morphology. Among reported electrocatalysts, NiSe/NiO heterostructure has emerged as the best electrocatalyst for OER. It commences oxygen evolution at 1.34 V with minimum overpotential of 110 mV even at 20 mA/cm2. Chronoamperometry reveals excellent electrochemical stability for the extended period of 21 h for heterostructure electrocatalyst. The kinetic study has recommended NiSe/NiO as an adequate electrocatalyst for OER having Tafel slope of 43.56 mV/dec. These results surpass benchmark precious metal based electrocatalysts as well as electrocatalysts based on Ni. This development dispenses earth abundant, exceedingly efficient and extremely stable, non-precious metal based electrocatalysts for practical electrolysis of water. • One-pot synthesis yields NiSe/NiO heterostructure electrocatalyst with impressive OER activity. • Exceptional stability of NiSe/NiO heterostructure validates its suitability as a durable OER catalyst. • Competitive OER performance: low overpotentials (η) of 110 mV @ 20 mAcm-2, small Tafel slope (∼43 mV/dec in 1.0 M KOH). • NiSe/NiO emerges as a cost-effective alternative to noble metal-based OER electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]