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Innovations are vital for economic development. Schumpeter, the famous economic theorist who drew attention to the innovation activities, was the first to reveal that capitalism has a structure that realizes development through innovations. Along with the 2000s, the European Union adopted a Schumpeterian approach and launched the Lisbon Strategy, however, this strategy has not been successful for various reasons. In this context, the Schumpeterian theory of “creative destruction” is well suited for evaluating innovation activities in the European Union. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the innovation activities in the European Union through research and development expenditures, business research and development expenditures, and the numbers of patent applications in the context of the theory of “creative destruction” put forward by Schumpeter. In this context, it was tried to reveal the Schumpeterian innovation capacity of the European Union between 2008 and 2018 in line with the data obtained from Eurostat. As a result of the study, it was concluded that innovation activities in the European Union could not fully realize the creative destruction effect and that there is a serious texture incompatibility in terms of economic structures within the EU member countries.

Uluslararası ilişkilerde Tavuk Oyunu Teorisi farklı sonuçlar ortaya çıkarabilme potansiyeline sahip durumlar için kullanılabilmektedir. Oyun teorisi bir durum içerisinde mevcut olan aktörlerin birbirini etkileyen kararlarının analiz edilmesi için tercih edilmektedir. Tavuk Oyunu Teorisi de karşılıklı bir tehdit algılaması durumunu anlamak ve aktörlerin kararları hakkında görüşlere sahip olmak için kullanılmaktadır. Tavuk Oyunu Teorisi bir Hollywood filmi olan “Asi Gençlik” filmindeki bir sahneye dayanmaktadır. Filmde uçuruma doğru araba süren sürücülerden hangisi ilk frene basarsa tavuk; basmayan sürücü ise kahraman olmaktadır. Bu kurgu içerisinde 4 durum söz konusudur. Taraflar arasında ya iş birliği olacak ikisi de frene basacak ya iş birliği olmayacak ikisi de uçurumdan düşerek ölecek ya da sürücülerden biri frene basarken diğeri basmayacak ölmeyi göze alarak diğer sürücünün tavuk olmasını sağlayıp kazanan olacaktır. Bu doğrultuda Doğu Akdeniz’de meydana gelen deniz yetki alanlarına ilişkin sorunlar ışığında tarafların ileri sürdükleri tezlerden geri adım atmamaları; bu gelişmelerin Tavuk Oyunu Teorisi bağlamında incelenebileceğini göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmanın amacını uluslararası ilişkilerde Tavuk Oyunu Teorisi bağlamında Doğu Akdeniz’de Türkiye’nin taraf olduğu siyasi ve askeri gelişmelerin ele alınması oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonucunda Tavuk Oyunu Teorisinin günümüzde Doğu Akdeniz’de meydana gelen gelişmelerin değerlendirilmesi açısından uygun bir teori olabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Küresel olarak faaliyet göstermekte olan düşünce kuruluşları gerçekleştirmiş oldukları entelektüel faaliyetler ile devletlere ya da çeşitli uluslararası yapılara yönelik rehberler hazırlamakta ya da dış politika önerileri oluşturarak etkide bulunmaktadırlar. Bu çalışma düşünce kuruluşlarının dış politika üzerindeki rollerini bir Alman düşünce kuruluşu olan Bilim ve Siyaset Vakfı örneği ile değerlendirme amacını taşımaktadır. Bu bağlamda dış politikada aktif bir role sahip olan Bilim ve Siyaset Vakfı’nın Avrupa Birliği dış politikasını nasıl etkilediği analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada betimsel analiz yöntemi ile mevcut kaynaklar üzerinden ilgili düşünce kuruluşunun dış politika üzerindeki etkisi ortaya konmaya çalışılmış ve analiz edilmiştir. Bir düşünce kuruluşu olan Bilim ve Siyaset Vakfı’nın dış politika bağlamında Avrupa Birliği üzerinde etkisinin oldukça yüksek olduğu ve Almanya’nın Avrupa Birliği’nin dış politikası içerisinde liderliğini pekiştirmiş olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır., Think tanks that operate globally, prepare guidelines for states or various international structures with their intellectual activities, or act by creating policy recommendations. This study aims to evaluate the role of think tanks on foreign policy with the case of Science and Politics Foundation, a German think tank. In this context, the effect of the Science and Politics Foundation, which has an active role in foreign policy, on foreign policy of the European Union was analyzed. In the study, the effect of the relevant think tank on foreign policy was tried to be revealed and analyzed through the descriptive analysis method over the available resources. It has been concluded that the Science and Politics Foundation, which is a think tank, has a very high impact the European Union in the context of foreign policy and that Germany has reinforced its leadership in the foreign policy of the European Union.

The European Union is rather successful at making regulations and law whose influence go beyond the European territory, as these acts are widely considered as common standards. One of them is about personal data protection. The European Union accepted a new regulation on the protection of personal data which was put in practice in May 2018, after a long period of discussions. The regulation was accepted for the replacement of laws about data protection in member and candidate states. As a European Union candidate country, Turkey started a visa liberation dialogue with the European Union in 2013. Personal data protection issue has been one of the most crucial subjects of the visa liberation process and considered as an important requirement which must be fulfilled by Turkey. In this respect, the study will elaborate the European Union’s regulation on new personal data protection under the case of Turkey’s visa liberalisation dialogue. In the first chapter, the historical development of personal data protection, the European Union data protection regulation and current situation will be analysed. In the second chapter, the study will elaborate the issue of data protection under the case of visa liberation dialogue between Turkey and the European Union. In the last chapter, aiming to reveal the differences between General Data Protection Regulation and Turkish data protection legislation, Turkey’s cohesion to the European Union’s data protection regulation within the frame of visa liberation dialogue will be dealt. In this context, differentiating from present studies and researches in the literature, this study asserts that visa liberalisation dialogue catalyses Turkey’s compliance with the European Union’s data protection standards.

Kuresel bir guc olarak Avrupa Birligi, hem yakin hem de uzak bolgelerde bircok sorunun cozumundeki taraflardan biri olmayi hedeflemektedir. Bu dogrultuda, Avrupa Birligi 2003’ten beri gelistirilen kriz yonetim misyonlari/operasyonlari sayesinde Afganistan’dan Mali’ye, Somali’den Gurcistan’a kadar bircok bolgede etkin olmustur. Bu cercevede, calismada oncelikle kriz yonetim sisteminin kavramsal boyutu sunulacaktir. Sonraki bolumde ise, 2005’te faaliyetlerine baslayan Refah Gecis Noktasinda Avrupa Birligi Sinir Destek Misyonu ve 2006’da faaliyetlerine baslayan Filistin Topraklari icin Avrupa Birligi Polis Misyonu incelenecektir. Boylece, Filistin’de devam eden Avrupa Birligi kriz yonetim misyonlarinin mevcut durumu ele alinacaktir.

United Kingdom which has an ongoing relationship with the European Union since 1973 has generallyhad problematic relations during the membership process. A country who does not play a part in theearly European integration process keeps wary eye to the process she joins lately. This turbulent anddetached relationship brings the membership process which mostly contains sharp discussions to anunexpected breakpoint. Brexit has been the most important milestone in the United Kingdom-theEuropean Union relations. Therefore, examining the process through Brexit, its reasons and resultswill help understand the issue better. Given this goal, therefore, this study aims to deal with the Brexitprocess in detail and contribute to the existing literature. Process beginning with the reform requestsby Conservative Party in relations with the European Union in 2013 resulted in a referendum with51.9% leaving decision on June 23, 2016. In the Brexit referendum which proceeds from the populistand unreal discourses, Conservative Party and United Kingdom Independence Party have been theactors managing the whole process. Even these two political parties conduct different campaigns onthe EU membership which they turn it into a domestic policy tool; they have eventually completedthe process. Thus, for the first time, a member state decided to enter leaving process in the EuropeanUnion’s history. In this framework, this study initially deals with the historical background of theUnited Kingdom-the European Union relations and causes of Brexit. Then, economic effects of Brexiton United Kingdom and roles of Conservative Party and United Kingdom Independence Party in thisprocess were mentioned. Lastly, leaving process was chronologically examined and the steps of leavingprocess and the progress were shown. The process which happens for the first time in the EU historyhas been shaped by the EU’s relevant institutions joint with the UK’s authorities. Similar to a candidatecountry’s membership process, the leaving negotiations have been going on between the EU and theUK. As a conclusion, it is indicated that Brexit has negative effects on politics and economy of UnitedKingdom. Economic-wise, the study shows that the UK economy has been affected negatively in theshort-run in addition the negative expectations in the long-run. Political-wise, on the other hand,Conservative Party and United Kingdom Independence Party that have taken place in every stage ofthe process have gone up in flames and led their leaders who conducted referendum campaigns toabandon politics. Consequently, after a referendum without an exact winner, it is also unclear whathappens after the Brexit process.

Küresel ekonomi küreselleşme süreci ilebirlikte çehresini değiştirmeye başlamıştır. Küreselleşme sürecinin ivmekazanması ile birlikte küresel ekonomide bölgeselleşme eğilimi artmışkarşılıklı serbest ticaret anlaşmaları öne çıkmıştır. Küreselleşmenin en önemliyürütücü aktörlerinden biri olan Avrupa Birliği, küresel ekonomide meydanagelen gelişmeler bağlamında ortak ticaret politikasını yeniden ele almış veküresel ekonominin gereklilikleri bağlamında ticaret politikasını yenidenşekillendirmiştir. Makale üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümdeuluslararası ekonomide meydana gelen gelişmelere tarihsel süreç içerisindekısaca değinilerek, günümüzde meydana gelen değişimler ortaya konulmayaçalışılmış, ikinci bölümde Avrupa Birliği ticaret politikasının uluslararasıekonominin değişen çehresine nasıl uyum sağladığı ortak ticaret politikasıbağlamında ele alınmıştır. Son bölümde ise Avrupa Birliği’nin Ortak Ticaret Politikasıve son dönem uluslararası ekonomik gelişmeler düzleminde gerçekleştirilmiş olanAvrupa Birliği ile Kanada arasında imzalanan Kanada Kapsamlı Ekonomik veTicaret Anlaşması ele alınarak, belirtilen gelişmelere örnek teşkil etmişolduğu iddia edilmektedir, Global economy has started to change its face inconjuction with the globalization process. Associated with the rising level ofthe globalization, regionalization trends in global trade had risen and bilateralfree trade agreements stood out. The EU which is one of the most importantdriving actors of the globalization, revised its common trade policy in thecontext of developments in the global economy and reshaped its trade policywithin the context of requirements of the global economy. The article isconsist of three chapters. In the first chapter, by taking the historicaldevelopment of global economy into consideration shortly, the authorendeavoured to put alterations of the global economy today forward, in thesecond chapter, how the European Union trade policy complied with the line ofchanging aspect of the global economy had been elaborated. In the last chapter,it is claimed that European Union – Canada Compherensive Economic and TradeAgreement realised with the European Union trade policy and in recent economicdevelopments and signed between the European Union and Canada is an example ofstated developments.

This chapter provides a broad analysis of the EU's development strategies from Lisbon to EU 2020. The purpose of the chapter is to make a comparison among development strategies of the EU and to reach the answer of the question; if EU 2020 will be a new future for the EU? For this aim, the author focuses on three questions: what is the connection between the globalization and the EU? Has the EU answered to the challenges of globalization or post Fordist transformation with Lisbon Strategy? Lisbon Strategy which was reformed two times was a failure, what were the reasons of launching the EU 2020 strategy? The first one is related to the economic transformation of the world and economic decline of the EU during the 1980 to 2000s. The second one is related to the EU's structural weakness. The third one is related to the future of the EU.