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Donating blood and its blood components is a tool for health institutions, but sometimes it becomes complex due to the lack of donors, within which several factors have been identified that are mainly related to the fear of people because of the myths created around this procedure. The objective of this research is to analyze the sociocultural factors related to blood and platelet donation in an Ecuadorian Oncology Hospital. The research methodology was observational, cross-sectional cohort, descriptive, prospective, with a quantitative approach. We worked with 200 users who attended the health institution in question, who met the selection criteria, to whom a collection instrument was applied. It was found that the majority of participants had a high level of knowledge about blood donation and a positive attitude towards it. However, although willingness toward future donations was high, the frequency of current donation did not show significant differences according to specific time intervals. 82.50% of the participants would be willing to donate blood as a volunteer. Participants showed significant concern about fear of blood collection and poor health status as main barriers to donation. The myths identified in donation were concerns about the spread of diseases and the obligation to continue donating once one has previously donated. Continuous education and training is suggested for both users and health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala is the property of Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Artefactos: Revista de Estudios Sobre La Ciencia Y La Tecnologia is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud is the property of Centro de Estudiso Avanzados en Ninez y Juventud alaianza Cinde, Universidad de Manizales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O Brasil é o país da América Latina que mais realiza fertilização in vitro. A maior presença de mulheres acima de 40 anos neste mercado indica uma realidade pouco discutida, a fertilização in vitro realizada por meio de óvulos doados. É sobre a doação e a recepção de óvulos que esse artigo se interessa. Nossa inspiração teórica vem da sociologia econômica dos mercados em diálogo com a sociologia das emoções, pois buscamos identificar elementos não-econômicos que sustentam o mercado de doação de óvulos, já que não existe neste uma troca direta em dinheiro. Realizamos mapeamento do marco jurídico do setor e pesquisa de campo em uma importante clínica de reprodução assistida da cidade de Ribeirão Preto, Estado de S. Paulo e realizamos imersão em um grupo fechado do Facebook que trata do tema. Nossos dados indicam que este mercado se sustenta em elementos sociais, culturais e emocionais, como o altruísmo, o sacrifício, o sagrado, dentre outros.

Background: The mobile campaigns of altruistic blood donation are one of the main actions of the Blood Bank of the Hospital de Especialidades "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez". With the arrival of the new normal, after the COVID-19 pandemic, it was necessary to reactivate these actions according to the population's characteristics. Objective: To identify socio-cultural characteristics that enhance or limit voluntary or altruistic blood donation. Material and methods: Qualitative exploratory research, through a semi-structured interview with stratified sampling, universe of partial population of those attending blood donation; only altruistic donors were considered randomly, and representative proportions of the population subgroup were determined. Results: Most of the donors interviewed were preliminary donors who approached the blood donationt tent without focused promotion. Health professionals showed greater identification to altruistic blood donation. Donors declared a lack of donation culture as the main factor limiting this human activity. Finally, they considered the accessibility to the blood donationt tent as determinant for altruistic blood donation. Conclusions: 12 recommendations were established to the Blood Bank, with which the intention is to propose strategies and establish research channels that increase the impact on the promotion of altruistic blood donation in future campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To report statistics related to human blood donation worldwide. Methods: the study is a one-dimensional exploratory comparative descriptive study. The information was compiled from the World Health Organization, World Population Review and Statistical. The multivariate clustering technique was used for data analysis. Results: Germany has the highest blood donation rate, followed by Denmark. In general, it can be seen that in European countries there is a greater culture of donation, while in countries located in Africa and some Asian countries, there are lower statistics on the subject. Conclusions: It is essential to encourage education programs in the countries related to the importance of donating blood, ensuring good communication to break down some barriers among potential donors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Chilena de Derecho is the property of Revista Chilena de Derecho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La paradoja “Tener menos dar más” consiste en la generosidad de personas con bajos recursos económicos. Sin embargo, sólo se había explorado con estudiantes de clase media alta y con juegos del dictador con puntos. En este estudio realizamos el juego del dictador con dinero con 24 personas, de ocupaciones diversas y de niveles socioeconómicos (NSE) altos y bajos, con el objetivo de observar si la paradoja se mantenía y conocer los motivos que los participantes daban a su conducta. Los resultados muestran que las personas de NSE alto dieron significativamente más en promedio (M = 18.2, DE = 4.06); sin embargo, las personas de NSE bajo en general tendieron a dar la mitad de su dinero (M = 10, DE = 4.08) apelando a razones de equidad. Si bien la paradoja “Tener menos dar más” no se observó, se discuten los procesos que llevan a las personas de diferentes recursos económicos a compartir.

Copyright of Cuadernos de Trabajo Social is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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O conceito de natureza humana é alvo de discussão entre especialistas das ciências humanas e naturais. Um marco incontornável do debate é o livro Sociobiology: the new synthesis de Edward Wilson e sua interpretação darwinista do comportamento humano. O presente artigo investiga os principais instrumentos teóricos e conhecimentos científicos usados pelo autor para realizar esse tipo de interpretação. Defendemos que, ao fazê-lo, Wilson almeja dialogar com especialistas de outras áreas e “biologizar” as humanidades. Exploraremos em particular como o autor explica a natureza humana a partir do dilema altruísmo-egoísmo. Identificamos que a análise de Wilson sobre o comportamento humano assume a forma de premissas e inferências envolvendo a ubiquidade, a origem genética, a adaptação e o tratamento matemático.

Es sabido que las consideraciones morales de los actores interactúan con factores contextuales. Este artículo explora la hipótesis de que la función guía de las consideraciones morales de los adolescentes es anulada cuando existe información sobre la riqueza de los potenciales beneficiarios. Para contrastar esta hipótesis, se estudia el altruismo de adolescentes usando experimentos de laboratorio en-el-campo con el juego del dictador en dos condiciones: si los dictadores tenían o no información sobre la riqueza de sus contrapartes. Además, se explora el efecto de moderación de las consideraciones morales sobre la relación entre las condiciones experimentales y el altruismo. Los resultados muestran que los adolescentes que conocieron la riqueza de los otros fueron, en promedio, menos altruistas. También se encontró que la relación entre condiciones experimentales y altruismo estuvo moderada por la valoración del fundamento moral del daño. Así, adolescentes que valoran no dañar a otros tienden a ser más altruistas cuando no conocen la riqueza de sus beneficiarios.

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar el fenómeno de la participación comunitaria durante la pandemia causada por el COVID-19, contextualizándolo en el espacio geográfico de la provincia de Alicante (España). Los datos fueron recogidos mediante un cuestionario ad hoc autoadministrado. Participaron 260 personas residentes en la provincia de Alicante, seleccionadas mediante muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Los resultados mostraron el impacto de la enfermedad en la vida colectiva de las personas, en su identificación y pertenencia comunitarias, en su adhesión a proyectos comunes, así como en sus conductas altruistas. El trabajo concluye apuntando que: 1) El distanciamiento físico impuesto por la COVID-19 no necesaria ni automáticamente se traduce en distanciamiento social, puesto que durante la pandemia se desarrollan múltiples experiencias de colaboración y solidaridad ciudadana; 2) Las desigualdades sociales se mantienen en los ejes de género y procedencia cultural en lo referido a la participación, ya que son las mujeres y las personas extranjeras quienes afrontan mayores obstáculos; 3) Existe un alto nivel de desinformación sobre las actividades y decisiones que afectan a las comunidades, lo que concuerda con el bajo nivel de participación en estructuras y proyectos colectivos.

Copyright of Política & Sociedade: Revista de Sociologia Política is the property of Revista Politica & Sociedade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study had the objective to identify what leads to user’s engagement with a social innovation (an application) that contribute to sustainable development. A qualitative, exploratory approach based on a case study was conducted. Multiple sources of evidence were used, which allowed da ta triangulation. Content analysis was conducted using the Iramuteq software. The DHC method was used to analyze the data and two dimensions, and four classes were obtained. The social application innovates by offering its users a more straightforward and casual way of doing volunteer work, what has a strong appeal among younger users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Law & International Relations / Relações Internacionais no Mundo is the property of Relacoes Internacionais no Mundo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The first and current definitions of altruism do not differ notably despite the passage of time. Currently, altruism is associated with sacrifice and is positioned as the opposite of selfishness. However, research results from psychology, biology, and the social area show that selfishness is responsible for altruistic behavior. Also, altruistic behavior generates well-being and happiness in people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMO Ampliada pelo desenvolvimento tecnológico, a movimentação humana na contemporaneidade tem se configurado como diversas formas de dispersão (tanto físicas quanto ideológicas). Em sua expansão centrífuga, a dispersão desconsidera aspectos coletivos da rede inter-relacional em que existimos em prol de atitudes autorreferentes, tais como o crescimento econômico ou o utilitarismo. No entanto, a dispersão ganha um sentido distinto se refletida no campo da arte. Como mecanismo de coletividade, ela possibilita a reflexão sobre o altruísmo e a convivialidade, que elucidam laços sociais distintos à dispersão. Utilizam-se aqui métodos de investigação próprios às ciências humanas e às artes, com a intenção de propor a combinação entre imagens, símbolos e conceitos como metodologia condizente à pesquisa em antropologia e sociologia da arte.

The actuality of a symbiosis between art and media, our object of study, presents itself in close relationship with the human aspect of ancient Greek reflection on art. In order to investigate the role of this relationship for contemporary understanding on possible social "places" of art, we relate the term ÎοÏ...σÎΰή Ï„ÎÏνη (mousiká,--tékhnē) to telematics, as described by Vilém Flusser, which means the consideration of otherness and altruism in aesthetic fruition. Thus, our methodology places music in front of the current post-humanist reflection, that discusses the social, political and ecological scope of a collective altruism, which we contextualize here in the symbolic aspect of music and in its fruition. Our conclusions include the discussion about the resort to a Greek heritage, the echoes of utilitarianism and the understanding of art as a collective and altruistic form of human interrelationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigación Administrativa is the property of ESCA Santo Tomas - IPN and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Revista de Sociología is the property of Universidad de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Michael Ruse, uno de los pensadores más destacados de la filosofía de la biología contemporánea, desde 1986 hasta sus artículos recientes ha desarrollado una original concepción de la meta-ética y de la ética normativa en clave evolutiva. A partir de considerar en profundidad la moral a la luz de la teoría de la evolución biológica, el filósofo defiende un escepticismo meta-ético y, al mismo tiempo, la caracterización de la ética normativa como una “ilusión efectiva”: se trata de una “ilusión” porque no existe criterio moral objetivo alguno; es “efectiva” porque al razonamiento moral le subyacen disposiciones mentales innatas que tienden a comportamientos altruistas. Actualmente, gran parte de sus afirmaciones están respaldadas por investigaciones en ciencias como la primatología y la psicología moral. Ahora bien, sus enfoques meta-ético y ético parecen llevar a una aporía: dado que no hay criterios morales objetivos y que el razonamiento posee un rol subsidiario en la moral, la normatividad en ética termina por desvanecerse. El objetivo de este artículo es exponer las características de esta aporía a la luz de estudios científicos recientes, así como también proponer una vía posible de investigación que permita buscar soluciones plausibles.

A la hora de la toma de decisiones no se tienen siempre en cuenta todos los factores posibles, por la limitación temporal, bien por la información sesgada, o más aún, la comprensión de dicha información, o porque las metas buscadas se ajustan a fines determinados dentro de un marco enclaustrado que puede no ser considerado correctamente por la función que rige el sistema y determina cómo se ponderan los resultados, así como por el contexto en el que las decisiones tienen lugar. La elección de la función correcta depende, en gran medida, de las normas sociales, y también de las posibles sanciones que estas puedan darse al hablar de sus resultados, de manera que la maximización de los resultados beneficiosos para el objeto de la función está en pugna con la minimización de los perjudiciales para el evaluador. Pero en medicina, el código ético requiere que se maximice el bienestar del paciente. El dilema ético surge cuando existe un conflicto entre maximización de bienestar con minimización de gasto de recursos. He aquí donde surge el problema de las decisiones en el triaje médico.

Altruistic tendencies and empathy, in most cases, are inherent in medical practice. Health professionals show these behaviors when they seek the well-being of the patient regardless of the personal cost they may suffer; the case of the provision of medical services in the health crisis caused by SARS-CoV-2, despite the risks, is a clear example of this. For decades there have been efforts to strengthen medical professionalism and the importance of humanistic behaviors. This paper addresses implications of altruism, empathy and professionalism in medical practice, key aspects in training of human resources in health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of prosocial behavior is primarily geared towards children and adolescents. The scales focusing on adults target students or assess underlying motivations and situations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a self-report scale to assess prosocial behavior in adults and obtain its psychometric properties. (dimensions, predictive validity, and reliability). 761 individual aged between 18 and 75 years old participated (M=29.22, SD=12.51). The scale consisted of 22 items distributed across 4 factors, with a Cronbach's alpha of .89 and 45.8% of variance accounted for. The results show that the scale is adequate to evaluate the prosocial behavior in adults of the open population of Mexico City in a valid and reliable manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo Esta pesquisa objetivou sistematizar as variáveis descritivas citadas na literatura analítico-comportamental sobre o altruísmo. Foram realizadas buscas em bases de dados e periódicos brasileiros especializados em Análise do Comportamento. Descritores relacionados à Análise do Comportamento foram combinados com as palavras altruísmo e altruísta, resultando em 19 artigos. As análises indicaram que o altruísmo foi abordado como uma classe de comportamentos com topografias variadas, desde simpáticas até agressivas, que ocorre sob o controle antecedente de regras e autorregras, e de operações estabelecedoras, como a empatia. Como consequências que podem manter o comportamento altruísta, foram identificadas consequências imediatas (produção de reforçadores positivos, remoção de eventos aversivos), e também consequências reforçadoras positivas atrasadas, que caracterizariam o altruísmo como um padrão comportamental molar e autocontrolado.

La donación, ligada al altruismo, es una categoría conceptual asociada principalmente a disciplinas como la sociología y la psicología, este concepto afín a emociones como: ayuda al prójimo, simpatía, empatía y pro-socialidad. Desde la disciplina económica-financiera, tiene su vínculo con la transferencia de renta de un agente económico a otro, donde el decremento de la renta del agente donante se ve compensado con un incremento en su satisfacción producto de la donación. En el ámbito empírico, desde la perspectiva de la empresa, se advierte que tales conductas altruistas se verían reflejadas en las transferencias monetarias que éstas realizan a organizaciones donatarias autorizadas, registradas por la contabilidad gubernamental mexicana. Con base en la información pública del Gobierno de México, el objetivo es relacionar el índice de especialización de la renta, con el índice de especialización en altruismo.

Copyright of Philosophy & History of Biology / Filosofia e História da Biologia is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Filosofia e Historia da Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En este artículo, expongo los pros y contras éticos de cuatro políticas públicas diferentes de provisión de sangre para los bancos de sangre con el fin de satisfacer la demanda de productos sanguíneos y hemoderivados destinados a atender a los enfermos que los necesitan. Esas cuatro políticas se basan, respectivamente, en la donación altruista, la remuneración a los donantes, los estímulos no monetarios o nudging, y la obligatoriedad equitativa. En la última parte del artículo, y tras comparar las cuatro políticas, muestro la deseabilidad ética de la última de ellas junto a algunos de sus principales problemas.

This research aimed to systematize the descriptive variables cited in the behavior-analytic literature about altruism. Searches were performed in databases and Brazilian journals specialized in Behavior Analysis. Descriptors related to Behavior Analysis were combined with the words altruism and altruistic, resulting in 19 articles. The analyses indicated that altruism was approached as a class of behaviors with varied topographies, from sympathetic to aggressive ones, occurring under the antecedent control of rules and self-rules, and of establishing operations such as empathy. As consequences that can maintain altruistic behavior, immediate consequences were identified (production of positive reinforcers, removal of aversive events), and also delayed positive reinforcing consequences, which would characterize altruism as a molar and self-controlled behavioral pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Este artigo visa apresentar a noção de altruísmo como fundamento de uma espiritualidade segundo o pensamento do filósofo e psicanalista Erich Fromm. Segundo o psicanalista, o indivíduo pode experimentar a vida por duas formas básicas de existência: o modo Ter (egocentrismo) e o modo Ser (altruísmo). Como recurso metodológico, este estudo se utilizará de uma análise teórico-bibliográfica das obras: “Psicanálise da Sociedade Contemporânea”, “Ter ou Ser?” e “Do ter ao ser”, todas de autoria de Erich Fromm. Deste modo, o presente manuscrito pretende mostrar que uma existência pautada pelo modo Ser pode se constituir como a base para a vivência de uma espiritualidade altruísta.

Introducción: Factores relacionados con la donación de sangre según diversos estudios realizados en la actualidad, nos han evidenciado la importancia que tienen para que la población se abstenga a realizar donaciones. Por tal motivo es preciso identificar los factores que influyen en la donación de sangre en la ciudad de Santo Domingo. Métodos: Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño de tipo transversal, utilizando un muestreo por cuotas, incluyó 384 personas de la ciudad de Santo Domingo, se utilizó la encuesta y como instrumento un cuestionario, para los análisis estadísticos se utilizó el programa computacional SPSS. Resultados: Los datos obtenidos de esta investigación demostraron que el 97% de los encuestados han escuchado sobre la donación de sangre, un 58% creen que la sangre tiene un propósito comercial. El 23% ha donado sangre, un 57,8% donaría de manera voluntaria. El 71% considera importante el temor a la extracción, un 89% el mal estado de salud, un 78% la desconfianza hacia la esterilidad del material y el 60% no saber dónde donar. El 15% de la población es susceptible a creencias y mitos con relación a la donación de sangre. Conclusiones: En el estudio realizado en la ciudad de Santo Domingo se evidencio que la donación de sangre no está ligada a creencias y mitos; pero existen cierto tipo de factores que generan un déficit de este líquido vital en los bancos de sangre.

O objetivo desta comunicação breve é analisar e refletir a eficiência da utilização do método psicodramático em conjunto com a jornada do herói, monomito narrado por Joseph Campbell, que está presente em todas as culturas e relata a presença de um herói e seu processo de mudança. Chamamos o resultado dessa união de Psicodrama do herói (PDH). Descrevemos, neste estudo, um trabalho realizado por meio do PDH, no qual os participantes vivenciaram a transformação de um personagem construído pelo próprio grupo.

La gestación por sustitución no está admitida en el ordenamiento jurídico español, pero si la modalidad altruista en otros países europeos. En este artículo se discuten los argumentos que se utilizan para dudar de su carácter altruista, así como las preocupaciones en torno a la dignidad de la gestante y del bebé, que tienen más que ver con la repulsa moral que ocasiona la creencia en el instinto maternal y la teoría del apego con vínculo genético o biológico. Se defiende la admisión de la gestación por sustitución como una nueva forma de filiación a través de un acuerdo reproductivo de carácter colaborativo, donde prime la voluntad procreacional, creando un instrumento jurídico que de seguridad a las partes implicadas y garantice sus derechos fundamentales.

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Copyright of Revista Interamericana de Psicología is the property of Sociedad Interamericana de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The experience of coping with negative events in early ages (childhood and adolescence) has consistently been linked to some specific deviant behaviors, such as juvenile justice involvement or persistence in crime. In contrast, very few studies have focused on the link between Adverse Childhood Experiences and altruistic behavior. The objective of this study is to examine the possible influence of Adverse Childhood Experiences on the social behavior exhibited in emerging adulthood (specifically deviant and altruistic behavior). Method: The study population consisted of 490 young adults between the ages of 18 and 20, with a mean of 18.90 years (SD = .77). All voluntarily completed the following self-report questionnaires: the Adverse Childhood Experiences questionnaire, the Deviant Behavior Scale, and the Altruistic Scale. Results: Linear regression models found that Adverse Childhood Experiences were strong, positive predictors of deviant behaviors. Moreover, specific Adverse Childhood Experiences (physical abuse for deviant behavior, and emotional neglect for altruistic behaviors) had notable, differential effects. Conclusions: The prevention or early detection of Adverse Childhood Experiences during childhood could contribute to reducing maladaptive patterns of behavior and to increasing altruistic patterns during emerging adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]