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This study examines the intricate relationship between economic growth and European environmental degradation via the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). Our results contest the traditional inverted U-shape model of the Environmental Kuznets Curve, indicating that the theory may not be consistently applicable across European countries. Utilizing CS-ARDL and MMQR modelling, we reveal substantial regional disparities. Western European nations demonstrate a typical Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) pattern in the short term, characterized by an initial increase in emissions alongside GDP development, followed by a subsequent fall. Conversely, Eastern and Balkan nations exhibit a U-shaped connection, described by an early decline in emissions followed by a subsequent increase as their development levels increase. The influence of renewable energy differs, as it decreases emissions in the short term in Western Europe. However, its long-term impacts are variable, especially when contrasted with its more pronounced effect on emissions in Eastern and Balkan countries. Furthermore, trade openness intensifies environmental degradation in the short-term across all regions, although its long-term impact diminishes, particularly concerning greenhouse gases (GHG). The relationship between renewable energy and trade openness is substantial for the short-term reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, but this effect declines with time. The results indicate that a uniform environmental policy throughout Europe may lack efficacy. Customized strategies to expedite the transition in Western Europe and more specific interventions in Eastern Europe are essential to harmonize economic progress with environmental sustainability. Future research should examine the determinants of the diminishing long-term effects of renewable energy and the interplay between trade and environmental policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing energy demand and lack of access to clean energy sources call for the development of more energy for cooking in households, briquettes produced using agricultural materials and related biomass have the capacity for utilization as an energy source. This study aims to introduce briquettes as an alternative energy source for cooking within conflict-affected communities in Borno State, northeastern Nigeria, where factors relating to the high cost of charcoal, security constraints, and the environmental impact of tree cutting have sparked apprehension and raised concerns. The study demonstrates the likelihood of adopting briquettes as a cooking fuel alternative in communities recovering from insurgency. Using assessment tools such as household surveys, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), involving a total of 536 questionnaires administered to respondents; KII was administered to 37 respondents and 9 FGDs with cooperatives and dealers in traditional fuel were conducted. From the results 73% of the community relies on charcoal as their primary fuel source, since the majority (68.7%) appeared to be low-income households, 24.1% reported that the high cost of charcoal is a major hindrance to continued usage. However, despite the communities showing potential in briquettes, only 3.7% are aware of briquettes as an alternative option for cooking energy indicating the adoption of briquettes being low in the region. A situational assessment was carried and sensitization strategies were recommended as means to enhance livelihoods and build resilience within the community. Highlights: Briquettes as alternative energy for cooking are investigated. Briquettes situational analyses are conducted. Briquette's sensitization strategies have been developed. Briquette production could offer resilience and sustainable livelihood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study examined the effects of substituting winged bean tuber steam (WBTS) modified starches for cassava chips (CSC) in the concentrate diet on rumen fermentation, nutrient utilization, and blood metabolites in Thai-native beef cattle. Methods: Four Thai-native bulls were assigned randomly as a 4×4 Latin square design, which represents the amount of CSC replaced with WBTS in the concentrate mixture diets at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. Results: Increasing levels of WBTS replacement for CSC in the concentrate diets had a quadratic effect on total dry matter (DM) intake (p<0.05). Replacement of WBTS at 20% and 30% for CSC did not alter total DM intake compared to 0% WBTS, whereas 10% WBTS replacement could significantly increase total DM intake by 0.41 kg DM/d compared to the control group. In addition, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility showed a quadratic increase (p<0.05) when CSC was substituted at various levels of WBTS in the concentrate diet (p<0.05). Replacement of CSC with WBTS at 10% and 20% showed higher NDF digestibility when compared to 0% replacement. There was a quadratic increase in blood glucose at 4 h post-feeding, and the average blood glucose value was significantly lower (p<0.01) when substituting CSC with WBTS. Substituting WBTS for CSC at 10% in the concentrate diet showed the highest blood glucose concentration when compared to other treatments. Replacing CSC with WBTS at 10% and 20% shows a higher concentration of C3 than those of other treatments (0% or 30%). The nitrogen (N) intake increased linearly (p<0.05) when substituting WBTS for CSC at all levels in the diet. Additionally, N retention and the ratio of N retention to N intake increased (p<0.05) when substituting WBTS for CSC at 10%, 20%, and 30% compared to 0%. The gross energy intake (GEI), digestible energy intake (DEI), and energy efficiency (DEI/GEI) were quadratically increased when substituted with various levels of WBTS for CSC in the concentrate diet. Conclusion: The findings indicate that substituting 10% of CSC in the concentrate diet with WBTS may be sufficient as an alternative feed resource for improving nutrient utilization and metabolic efficiency in beef cattle diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, many problems, such as the energy crisis and environmental pollution, have made the use of alternative energy in the production of electrical and thermal energy relevant. Because alternative energy sources are environmentally friendly, accessible and inexhaustible. In the most advanced and developed countries, heat pump systems are used for heating, ventilation and cooling of buildings. The article examines the efficiency of operating modes of collector-type geothermal heat pumps in the Karabakh economic zone. The heat supply scheme and all characteristic parameters associated with this scheme were calculated using the GeoTSol modeling program. The GeoTSol simulation program is one of the modern simulation programs for planning and designing heat pump systems. As an example, a private residential building located in the city of Khojavend was studied. A monovalent collector-type heat pump system provides hot water supply and heating for a private home. For comparison, a diagram of 4 types of collector-type heat pump systems is proposed. Seasonal performance coefficients, energy consumption, losses, solar energy share, efficiency, etc. were calculated by computer simulation of the entire heat pump system for each cycle and compared with each other. A circuit operating in the most efficient mode has been determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishing a decision-making scheme for multiple land use types in a shrinking society is an urgent and persistent task. In particular, residents and governments face the complexity of cross-sectoral visions over concerned landscapes. This study examined the preference of residents for future visions and the effects of group deliberation in a Japanese rural community to enhance the current understanding of decision and learning processes on cross-sectoral land use types (i.e., agricultural land, forest land, and boundary areas) across ages and groups. This study posed the following questions: (i) what types of interactions do residents find among options on cross-sectoral land uses? and (ii) how do group deliberation influence the individual preferences of residents for land use? In the survey, the residents disclosed their preferences for the prepared visions over three land use types. The survey also enabled the comparison of choices before and after group deliberation. Regarding question (i), the residents' choice prior to the deliberation demonstrated thematic coherence through land use categories. Smart technology and potential productivity improvement were selected across agriculture and forests. However, regarding question (ii), thematic coherence decreased after the group deliberation. The residents could communicate disagreements during group deliberation and consider the issues relatively independently over land use types, which separately views agriculture lands and forests. The choice after group discussions became increasingly embedded and influenced by residential areas and land ownership of residents. These findings provide unique insights into the group discussion on how individual decisions are affected. In summary, the preferences of cross-sectoral land use types did not converge but tended to diverge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The growing energy demand and lack of access to clean energy sources call for the development of more energy for cooking in households, briquettes produced using agricultural materials and related biomass have the capacity for utilization as an energy source. This study aims to introduce briquettes as an alternative energy source for cooking within conflict-affected communities in Borno State, northeastern Nigeria, where factors relating to the high cost of charcoal, security constraints, and the environmental impact of tree cutting have sparked apprehension and raised concerns. The study demonstrates the likelihood of adopting briquettes as a cooking fuel alternative in communities recovering from insurgency. Using assessment tools such as household surveys, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), involving a total of 536 questionnaires administered to respondents; KII was administered to 37 respondents and 9 FGDs with cooperatives and dealers in traditional fuel were conducted. From the results 73% of the community relies on charcoal as their primary fuel source, since the majority (68.7%) appeared to be low-income households, 24.1% reported that the high cost of charcoal is a major hindrance to continued usage. However, despite the communities showing potential in briquettes, only 3.7% are aware of briquettes as an alternative option for cooking energy indicating the adoption of briquettes being low in the region. A situational assessment was carried and sensitization strategies were recommended as means to enhance livelihoods and build resilience within the community.

Objective This study examined the effects of substituting winged bean tuber steam (WBTS) modified starches for cassava chips (CSC) in the concentrate diet on rumen fermentation, nutrient utilization, and blood metabolites in Thai-native beef cattle. Methods Four Thai-native bulls were assigned randomly as a 4×4 Latin square design, which represents the amount of CSC replaced with WBTS in the concentrate mixture diets at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. Results Increasing levels of WBTS replacement for CSC in the concentrate diets had a quadratic effect on total dry matter (DM) intake (p

Abstract Establishing a decision-making scheme for multiple land use types in a shrinking society is an urgent and persistent task. In particular, residents and governments face the complexity of cross-sectoral visions over concerned landscapes. This study examined the preference of residents for future visions and the effects of group deliberation in a Japanese rural community to enhance the current understanding of decision and learning processes on cross-sectoral land use types (i.e., agricultural land, forest land, and boundary areas) across ages and groups. This study posed the following questions: (i) what types of interactions do residents find among options on cross-sectoral land uses? and (ii) how do group deliberation influence the individual preferences of residents for land use? In the survey, the residents disclosed their preferences for the prepared visions over three land use types. The survey also enabled the comparison of choices before and after group deliberation. Regarding question (i), the residents’ choice prior to the deliberation demonstrated thematic coherence through land use categories. Smart technology and potential productivity improvement were selected across agriculture and forests. However, regarding question (ii), thematic coherence decreased after the group deliberation. The residents could communicate disagreements during group deliberation and consider the issues relatively independently over land use types, which separately views agriculture lands and forests. The choice after group discussions became increasingly embedded and influenced by residential areas and land ownership of residents. These findings provide unique insights into the group discussion on how individual decisions are affected. In summary, the preferences of cross-sectoral land use types did not converge but tended to diverge.

Global biofuel production is growing rapidly due to the demand for alternative energy sources and the desire to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. With its abundant biomass resources, Ukraine has great potential to develop the biofuel market. The prospects for the biofuel market in Ukraine are good, and the country has the potential to become a leader in the production and use of biofuels in Europe. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the theoretical provisions and develop practical recommendations for improving the accounting of biofuel production. It has been established that accounting for biofuel production is an important means of achieving sustainable development goals. Performing its information function, accounting can provide internal and external users with the necessary information and optimize the production and sale process of biofuel, while minimizing the negative impact on the environment. This, in turn, contributes to sustainable development and environmental protection in the energy sector. Taking into account the peculiarities of biofuel production, the organizational and methodological support of accounting was improved in terms of the development of the application of the elements of the accounting method: a working plan of accounts was developed for enterprises engaged in the production of biofuel, the sequence of displaying operations in the accounting was improved taking into account the peculiarities of biofuel production, additions were made and modification of the calculation, which takes into account the specifics of the use of biofuel, a management report on the production of biofuel has been developed, which will allow more effective control and management of the enterprise's impact on the environment and contribute to its sustainable development. All the above-mentioned improvements and proposals aim to develop the organization of the activities of biofuel industry enterprises in accordance with the provisions of the concept of sustainable development.

In light of uncertainties regarding the availability of resources provided by the Brazilian energy matrix, energy self-sufficiency presents itself as an advantageous perspective to ensure the sustainability of rural properties. The objective was to explore the implementation of renewable energy in rural properties located in the city of Paty do Alferes – RJ, Brazil. In this sense, the aim was to understand the reality of family farmers regarding their knowledge and use of renewable energy through technical visits accompanied by interviews. Based on data collection and context analysis, the study proposed disseminating the technology, recommending the most suitable type of renewable energy for each property based on technical-scientific knowledge. It was found that the property owners are not familiar with the knowledge and use of renewable energy. The amount paid for consumed energy proved to be significant in the family budget. Therefore, the adoption of renewable energy can positively impact the socioeconomic conditions of rural farmers. For electricity generation, a photovoltaic solar system was proposed for Sites A and B, while for Site C an Indian-type anaerobic biodigester was recommended, and for Site D, the installation of a wind turbine for water pumping.

The central objectives of this study are to locate existing research on renewable energy, examine the energy policy of Tanzania, assess bibliometric factors, determine the direction of the current research, and comprehend unexplored research topics. This exploration focuses on a bibliometric-based study using computer-assisted software tools known as VOS viewer and RStudio in analyzing the Scopus data retrieved package for the key phrase of "Renewable energy" in the article titles published from 2002 to 2022. A total of 661 publications (which is only 0.45% and 6.3% of the global and continental publications from Africa respectively) were analysed after refining using different bibliometric criteria like study site, type of document, publication stage, language used in the document, and publication time interval. The results shows that Energy fuels, engineering, technology, environmental sciences, ecology, and business economics are the most frequently studied fields. Also, from a total of 661 publications, only 32 documents were published from Tanzania for 20 years from 2022 which is less than 2 publication/year. This study concludes that there is a notable lack of research output from Tanzania in this critical field. This gap underscores the need for greater investment in renewable energy research and development within the country, as well as targeted efforts to build research capacity and foster collaboration among academia, government, and industry stakeholders.

The extensive use of fossil fuels contributes to global warming and the release of toxic metals into the environment, resulting in climate change in some regions. It has been estimated that cooling buildings accounts for about 20% of global electricity consumption and this figure continues to grow. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the feasibility of using an air conditioning unit for cooling a residential building, powered by solar energy in the conditions of Iraqi Kurdistan. Such an assessment is required for the sustainable development of the region. The study location is Erbil city in Iraq (latitude: 36.1911°N, longitude: 44.00917°E). The PVsyst software tool was used for modeling because it is characterized by great versatility in the field of modeling solar energy systems. The specified solar panel power (kW) was a constant parameter. Variable parameters were height of solar panels, albedo reflector, tracker system. In the current study, three simulations were performed in which the variable parameter was height and four simulations in which the variable parameter was the solar panel' angle. An average of 3.5 kWh was produced throughout the day, and an average of 3.3 kWh was produced during working hours. Only 0.2 kWh was produced outside of working hours, meaning that almost all of the electricity produced is available during working hours. This is useful in countries without high feed-in tariffs where only a small feed into the grid is needed. Also with the lowest calculated values (of all the options under study) the energy produced is 2264 kW/h/year or 2.264 MW/h/year (month - January, panel installation height - 0.5 m, inclination - 20°, azimuth - 0 °), greenhouse gas emissions of at least 604.3 kg CO2 per year are eliminated. At the same time, an additional measure to increase the efficiency of using a solar panel to power an air conditioner is to place reflective material in which the reflection rate or reflection coefficient is different under the solar panels. However, as mentioned earlier, this is an expensive solution. In the future, it will be beneficial to develop smart control technologies to improve performance and evaluate the impact of a solar air conditioning.

The extensive use of fossil fuels contributes to global warming and the release of toxic metals into the environment, resulting in climate change in some regions. It has been estimated that cooling buildings accounts for about 20% of global electricity consumption and this figure continues to grow. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the feasibility of using an air conditioning unit for cooling a residential building, powered by solar energy in the conditions of Iraqi Kurdistan. Such an assessment is required for the sustainable development of the region. The study location is Erbil city in Iraq (latitude: 36.1911 °N, longitude: 44.00917 °E). The PVsyst software tool was used for modeling because it is characterized by great versatility in the field of modeling solar energy systems. The specified solar panel power (kW) was a constant parameter. Variable parameters were height of solar panels, albedo reflector, tracker system. In the current study, three simulations were performed in which the variable parameter was height and four simulations in which the variable parameter was the solar panel› angle. An average of 3.5 kWh was produced throughout the day, and an average of 3.3 kWh was produced during working hours. Only 0.2 kWh was produced outside of working hours, meaning that almost all of the electricity produced is available during working hours. This is useful in countries without high feed-in tariffs where only a small feed into the grid is needed. Also with the lowest calculated values (of all the options under study) the energy produced is 2264 kW/h/year or 2.264 MW/h/year (month - January, panel installation height - 0.5 m, inclination - 20°, azimuth - 0°), greenhouse gas emissions of at least 604.3 kg CO2 per year are eliminated. At the same time, an additional measure to increase the efficiency of using a solar panel to power an air conditioner is to place reflective material in which the reflection rate or reflection coefficient is different under the solar panels. However, as mentioned earlier, this is an expensive solution. In the future, it will be beneficial to develop smart control technologies to improve performance and evaluate the impact of a solar air conditioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Development of methodological recommendations for conducting laboratory (practical) classes on the study of physical properties of fuel cells for use in the educational process of training applicants at various levels of higher education and in various educational programs. Methodology. It involves processing experimental data obtained during research and identifying regularities regarding the influence of such factors as the concentration and temperature of the ethanol solution on the energy characteristics of the Micro-DEFS type fuel cell. Findings. Methodical recommendations for performing practical (laboratory) works dedicated to studying the physical properties of ethanol fuel cells have been developed. Test results obtained during an experiment to determine the effect of ethanol concentration on the energy characteristics of an ethanol fuel cell are presented. It is shown that methodological recommendations have a universal character and are adapted to the capabilities and needs of applicants studying at different educational programs and levels of training: first (bachelor's) and second (master's). Originality. With the use of an experimental sample of Horizon FCJJ-22 Fuel Cell type Micro-DEFS, methodological recommendations of a research orientation have been developed for applicants studying in various educational programs, the structure of which includes consideration of theoretical issues, in particular familiarisation with chemical reactions at the electrodes of a fuel cell, as well as conducting experimental studies to determine the influence of several factors on the operating characteristics of the fuel cell. Practical value. The developed methodological recommendations for the study of the physical properties of ethanol fuel cells are intended for use during laboratory and/or practical classes with students of higher education who will study in various specialities and educational programs. The knowledge and skills acquired during such courses will become the basis for expanding the students' knowledge about new technologies in the field of alternative energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the economic and financial advantages of improving international collaboration between Ukraine and Poland in the development of alternative energy projects. It conducts a thorough evaluation of existing and forthcoming renewable energy generation technologies, using expert, Delphi, and methods based on statistics to identify the most promising and universally applicable solutions. The calculation of the payback period for small-scale green energy projects pays particular attention to the actual duration of the period in the case of small business ventures. The findings are summarized with a vision for the future Ukrainian-Polish cooperation in the scope of green energy cooperation and specific instruments and processes that could contribute to the success of the collaboration. The article outlines the potential approach that involves the isolation of the cooperation between Ukraine and Poland in green energy relying on the creation of investment and venture funds, public support for the manufacturing of a renewable energy component, and the establishment of non-volatile industrial complexes. Additionally, measures such as independent small alternative power plants and the initiatives for the development of the Ukrainian-Polish joint network of alternative energy are mentioned. The current war between Ukraine and Russia has drawn attention to the crucial need for energy security and diversification, making Ukraine-Poland collaboration on green energy projects all the more important. Ukraine may minimize its reliance on the Russian energy supply by focusing on renewable energy programs, while Poland can invest in sustainable energy to boost regional stability and economic progress. The article points out that the continuation and advancement of green energy initiatives require international cooperation. The paper offers detailed guidance on how the financial, economic, and technological opportunities and relations between Ukraine and Poland may be enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most economical and efficient method to produce green hydrogen relies on electrochemistry, the electricity for which is of a green origin, and on photocatalytic water splitting. The latter technology involves the use of a photocatalyst or a photo-electrocatalyst to transform solar energy into chemical energy. Vast efforts have thus been dedicated to the pursuit of such a catalyst. The current study focused on the development of a heterogeneous photoelectrochemical system in which the Na 3 [Ru 2 (μ -CO 3) 4 ] complex was used as a WOC. To that end, two types of electrodes were prepared: coated indium tin oxide (ITO) and meta-chemical surface (MCS) electrodes. Under 420 nm illumination, both electrode types exhibited higher catalytic currents than were observed without light. Our novel application of the Na 3 [Ru 2 (μ -CO 3) 4 ] complex as a catalyst in the photoelectrochemical water oxidation reaction requires minute amounts of the complex. The study findings add to the knowledge about the water-splitting process, and ultimately, they may facilitate the broader adoption of hydrogen as an environmentally friendly and increasingly accessible energy source. The Na 3 [Ru 2 (μ -CO 3) 4 ] complex is used as a WOC in electrochemical and photoelectrochemical water oxidation reactions showcasing elevated k cat values under 420 nm illumination. [Display omitted] • Initial usage of Na 3 [Ru 2 (μ -CO 3) 4 ] complex as a catalyst in photoelectrochemical water oxidation. • The working electrodes, made with minute amounts of catalyst, were stable and recyclable. • The prepared meta-chemical surface electrodes sustain a large surface area, which promotes the complex electrocatalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article substantiates the drivers of sustainable development of countries in the context of globalization, namely: the development of alternative energy, low-carbon economy, circular economy. It is argued that with the establishment of the model of sustainable development in the world practice, the issue of a significant reduction in the segment of energy-intensive types of global production and a decrease in the scale of consumption of energy resources is of particular importance. It is substantiated that in order to disseminate an energy-efficient model of economic development on a global scale, it is necessary to form an active State policies of the countries of the world by creating economic, administrative, social and infrastructural conditions, eliminating State subsidies to environmentally harmful industries, using market incentives, increasing public procurement in energy-saving industries, along with stimulation of their investment financing. The prospects for the development of the world energy sector until 2030 are outlined. The synchronization of Ukraine with ENTSO-E, the European network of electricity transmission system operators, is examined. It is found that synchronization with ENTSO-E is a step towards expanding the opportunities and prospects for attracting investment in the energy sector of Ukraine. Recommendations on finding effective ways of transition of countries’ economies to the use of alternative energy sources, low-carbon development and application of the principles of circular economy (the conception of combining linear production lines into a closed cycle) are provided. It is substantiated that the transition to sustainable low-carbon development can be successful due to the implementation of the global energy conversion of the economy.

This study was aimed at identifying the optimal locations for solar and wind power plants in the Republic of Kosovo using geodetic parameters and evaluation criteria. The study used global publicly available data, including an elevation model, geographic coordinates, a land cover database, and information on solar radiation and wind characteristics, which were processed in GRASS GIS software. The analytic hierarchy process was used to calculate the weights of the criteria, which provided an integrated assessment of the suitability of the territories. The study found that 61.8% of the territory of the Republic of Kosovo is suitable for utilizing sunlight, indicating the country’s significant potential for solar energy production. However, in the case of wind energy installations, the study found that only 32.5% of the territory could be considered optimal for solar power plants. This difference in percentages demonstrates the importance of considering many factors in the planning and construction of energy installations to ensure their stable and efficient operation. The study also confirmed that the F1 model, which uses all the criteria with their respective weights, provides the most reliable results for determining the optimal locations for energy installations. Sensitivity analysis showed that this model was the most effective in classifying suitable locations compared to other rasters such as F2 and F3. This confirms the importance of taking into account various parameters and their impact on the selection of optimal locations for power plants. The results open up possibilities for optimizing the use of solar and wind potential in the Republic of Kosovo, confirming the possibility of using geodetic data and geoinformation data to identify optimal locations for energy installations

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are the primary drivers of global climate change. Human activities, particularly those related to energy production, transportation, and industry, have long contributed to the escalating levels of GHGs in the Earth's atmosphere. Recognizing the significance of this issue, universities, including Thammasat University, play a vital role in Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions research and education, carrying a responsibility to address the matter. This study is aimed aims to assess the greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation measures at Thammasat University (Lampang campus), Thailand. The emissions are categorized into 3 types: (1) direct GHG emissions; (2) energy-related indirect GHG emissions; and (3) other indirect GHG emissions. Activity data from the years 2019 to 2022 was used for the calculations, resulting in GHG emissions of 1051.70, 778.28, 558.64, and 1034.531 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. Among these emissions, energy-related indirect GHG emissions from electricity purchases represent the majority, accounting for approximately 78.55% of the total emissions. Consequently, implementing mitigation strategies, such as solar panel installations and solid waste reduction (combined scenario), has the potential to reduce GHG emissions by up to 57.78%. Furthermore, the university should actively promote GHG emissions reduction through the enactment of energy-saving policies and the adoption of energy-efficient technologies to reduce reliance on energy purchases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of a Solar Power Plant (PLTS) in the Vaname Shrimp Pond, Sungai Kuruk III Village is an efficient solution in overcoming excessive electricity consumption in vaname shrimp cultivation. With the majority of the population working as fishermen and shrimp farmers, shrimp farming requires significant electricity consumption for lights, water pumps and windmills. PLTS is an efficient and sustainable solution by utilizing abundant solar energy in coastal areas. This research uses 28 solar modules with a capacity of 500 Wp, 23 batteries, an inverter with a power of 3,000 watts, and a Solar Charge Controller (SCC) with a capacity of 350 A. Thus, the implementation of PLTS is expected to reduce dependence on PLN electricity while still increasing and maintaining energy productivity as well as maintaining environmental sustainability in vaname shrimp cultivation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was aimed at identifying the optimal locations for solar and wind power plants in the Republic of Kosovo using geodetic parameters and evaluation criteria. The study used global publicly available data, including an elevation model, geographic coordinates, a land cover database, and information on solar radiation and wind characteristics, which were processed in GRASS GIS software. The analytic hierarchy process was used to calculate the weights of the criteria, which provided an integrated assessment of the suitability of the territories. The study found that 61.8% of the territory of the Republic of Kosovo is suitable for utilizing sunlight, indicating the country's significant potential for solar energy production. However, in the case of wind energy installations, the study found that only 32.5% of the territory could be considered optimal for solar power plants. This difference in percentages demonstrates the importance of considering many factors in the planning and construction of energy installations to ensure their stable and efficient operation. The study also confirmed that the F1 model, which uses all the criteria with their respective weights, provides the most reliable results for determining the optimal locations for energy installations. Sensitivity analysis showed that this model was the most effective in classifying suitable locations compared to other rasters such as F2 and F3. This confirms the importance of taking into account various parameters and their impact on the selection of optimal locations for power plants. The results open up possibilities for optimizing the use of solar and wind potential in the Republic of Kosovo, confirming the possibility of using geodetic data and geoinformation data to identify optimal locations for energy installations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Actual Problems of Jurisprudence / Habaršy. Zan̦ Seriâsy is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gharee for Economics & Administration Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores how the public might actively participate in renewable energy projects by studying the role of local and credentialed experts in the development of micro-hydro technology for self-supply (off-grid electrification) or commercialization (on-grid electrification) in Central Java, Indonesia. All of the data were gathered qualitatively, including semi-structured interviews with local experts and energy experts, as well as interviews with local entrepreneurs, private companies, government agencies, end users, and civil society groups. Other methods included document analysis, observations, and site visits. The research found that credentialed and local experts have distinct sets of expertise and roles that complement one another. This challenges the "deficit" model of public understanding of science, which often claims that energy projects fail due to a lack of policy-relevant knowledge. The expertise of locals, their financial situation, and their geographic location are all considered to be linked with the design of micro-hydro technology, which is most typically run-of-river. While micro-hydro design is often related to "decentralization," standardized expertise has emerged as a critical impediment to alternative energy commercialization. This article concludes that public participation, supported by decentralized policies, is required to drive future growth and maintain the long-term viability of micro-hydro technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the economic and financial advantages of improving international collaboration between Ukraine and Poland in the development of alternative energy projects. It conducts a thorough evaluation of existing and forthcoming renewable energy generation technologies, using expert, Delphi, and methods based on statistics to identify the most promising and universally applicable solutions. The calculation of the payback period for small-scale green energy projects pays particular attention to the actual duration of the period in the case of small business ventures. The findings are summarized with a vision for the future Ukrainian-Polish cooperation in the scope of green energy cooperation and specific instruments and processes that could contribute to the success of the collaboration. The article outlines the potential approach that involves the isolation of the cooperation between Ukraine and Poland in green energy relying on the creation of investment and venture funds, public support for the manufacturing of a renewable energy component, and the establishment of non-volatile industrial complexes. Additionally, measures such as independent small alternative power plants and the initiatives for the development of the Ukrainian-Polish joint network of alternative energy are mentioned. The current war between Ukraine and Russia has drawn attention to the crucial need for energy security and diversification, making Ukraine-Poland collaboration on green energy projects all the more important. Ukraine may minimize its reliance on the Russian energy supply by focusing on renewable energy programs, while Poland can invest in sustainable energy to boost regional stability and economic progress. The article points out that the continuation and advancement of green energy initiatives require international cooperation. The paper offers detailed guidance on how the financial, economic, and technological opportunities and relations between Ukraine and Poland may be enhanced.

Science literacy skills are one of the abilities in understanding scientific knowledge to solve problems in everyday life. However, science literacy in Indonesia is still classified as low. So that in the independent curriculum currently used in education, science literacy is one of the competencies that is very important and also needed by Pancasila students. The purpose of this study is to analyze the improvement of science literacy skills as a result of PjBL - STEM learning in class X in one of Bandung State High School on alternative energy material. The sampling consisted of 32 students and the sampling technique was taken using convenience sampling technique. Data collection used is by formative test description of science literacy skills. The test instruments used were 2 questions identifying scientific issues, 2 questions explaining scientific evidence, and 3 questions explaining scientific evidence. The method used in this research is pre-experiment method using one group pre-test - post-test research design. The data that has been obtained is analyzed using the N-Gain value and effect size. The results showed that the value of students' science literacy skills increased with an average post-test score of 83.16 and the overall N-Gain value obtained was 0.57 and included in the moderate category, then the increase in students' science literacy in each indicator, namely in identifying problem issues, explaining scientific phenomena, and explaining scientific evidence has a moderate category. However, of the three indicators, the indicator of identifying scientific issues has the smallest N-Gain of 0.51. The calculation of the effect size value is carried out to determine how much influence learning using the PjBL-STEM model has in improving science literacy skills, so that in the research that has been done it is found that the effect size is 3.23 and is included in the "high" category. Thus, learning with the PjBL-STEM model has an effect in improving students' science literacy skills.

This dedication is underpinned by public insight, and manager Mushalla Darul Ittihad's opinion about alternative energy still needs to be improved. The imbalance between the available electricity and the electricity load used often disrupts electricity due to overload. Interfere with the smoothness of worship activities. Besides lighting and sound amplifiers, the biggest electric charge lies on the water pumps that live all day. Therefore, additional power sources not charging the mushalla's operating costs are needed to cope with the problem. This activity aims to educate participants and offer ideas on the usage of alternative energy in electric water pumps. Implementation method involves observation, design, installation, and education of hybrid systems using solar energy and PLN for water pump energy. The result of the activity is increased knowledge and an installed solar power system for the water pump. The availability of this solar-powered water pump is expected to increase the congregation's participation in the implementation of mashallah activities and better social life.

Abstract Background In Tanzania, firewood, charcoal, and agricultural waste play a crucial role in daily life as sources of cooking energy, especially in rural areas. Using these energy sources contributes to deforestation and the emission of harmful substances, leading to health problems. This study highlights the potential of faecal sludge briquettes as an innovative, environmentally friendly, and sustainable alternative to traditional energy sources to meet the increasing demand for cooking energy in Tanzania. The process involved sludge characterization, drying, sorting, carbonization, milling, briquette making, and characterization. Results A study was conducted to assess the presence of zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in faecal sludge collected from households. The results indicates that the levels of these metals were all within the acceptable limits set by the Tanzanian Standards (TZS) for sludge disposal and use in the environment, which are 5.00 mg/L, 5.00 mg/L, and 30.00 mg/L, respectively. Septic tanks and pit latrines sludge had a concentration of 0.5 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L for Zn, 0.55 mg/L, and 0.6 mg/L for Cd, and 10.01 mg/L and 4.87 mg/L for Pb, respectively. Adding 75% charcoal dust improved the gross and net heating values from 10.47 and 10.16 to 19.29 and 18.86 MJ/kg, respectively. Similarly, adding 50% charcoal dust improved the gross and net heating values to 19.24 and 18.78 MJ/kg. The emission of particulate matter (micrograms/m3) was reduced from 30.4 and 35 to 10.3 and 11.8 for PM2.5 and 7 and 8 for PM10, while carbon monoxide emission decreased from 51.2 to 19.7 ppm. Conclusion The results strongly suggest that briquettes made of carbonized faecal sludge mixed with other biomass materials could offer an alternative to traditional solid fuels, with the added benefits of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and longer burning times.

This study examines the intricate relationship between economic growth and European environmental degradation via the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). Our results contest the traditional inverted U-shape model of the Environmental Kuznets Curve, indicating that the theory may not be consistently applicable across European countries. Utilizing CS-ARDL and MMQR modelling, we reveal substantial regional disparities. Western European nations demonstrate a typical Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) pattern in the short term, characterized by an initial increase in emissions alongside GDP development, followed by a subsequent fall. Conversely, Eastern and Balkan nations exhibit a U-shaped connection, described by an early decline in emissions followed by a subsequent increase as their development levels increase. The influence of renewable energy differs, as it decreases emissions in the short term in Western Europe. However, its long-term impacts are variable, especially when contrasted with its more pronounced effect on emissions in Eastern and Balkan countries. Furthermore, trade openness intensifies environmental degradation in the short-term across all regions, although its long-term impact diminishes, particularly concerning greenhouse gases (GHG). The relationship between renewable energy and trade openness is substantial for the short-term reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, but this effect declines with time. The results indicate that a uniform environmental policy throughout Europe may lack efficacy. Customized strategies to expedite the transition in Western Europe and more specific interventions in Eastern Europe are essential to harmonize economic progress with environmental sustainability. Future research should examine the determinants of the diminishing long-term effects of renewable energy and the interplay between trade and environmental policies.

Background: In Tanzania, firewood, charcoal, and agricultural waste play a crucial role in daily life as sources of cooking energy, especially in rural areas. Using these energy sources contributes to deforestation and the emission of harmful substances, leading to health problems. This study highlights the potential of faecal sludge briquettes as an innovative, environmentally friendly, and sustainable alternative to traditional energy sources to meet the increasing demand for cooking energy in Tanzania. The process involved sludge characterization, drying, sorting, carbonization, milling, briquette making, and characterization. Results: A study was conducted to assess the presence of zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in faecal sludge collected from households. The results indicates that the levels of these metals were all within the acceptable limits set by the Tanzanian Standards (TZS) for sludge disposal and use in the environment, which are 5.00 mg/L, 5.00 mg/L, and 30.00 mg/L, respectively. Septic tanks and pit latrines sludge had a concentration of 0.5 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L for Zn, 0.55 mg/L, and 0.6 mg/L for Cd, and 10.01 mg/L and 4.87 mg/L for Pb, respectively. Adding 75% charcoal dust improved the gross and net heating values from 10.47 and 10.16 to 19.29 and 18.86 MJ/kg, respectively. Similarly, adding 50% charcoal dust improved the gross and net heating values to 19.24 and 18.78 MJ/kg. The emission of particulate matter (micrograms/m3) was reduced from 30.4 and 35 to 10.3 and 11.8 for PM2.5 and 7 and 8 for PM10, while carbon monoxide emission decreased from 51.2 to 19.7 ppm. Conclusion: The results strongly suggest that briquettes made of carbonized faecal sludge mixed with other biomass materials could offer an alternative to traditional solid fuels, with the added benefits of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and longer burning times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of REMAH Journal is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although the importance of technological advancement in facilitating successful transitions to alternative energy is well recognized, the study of technological advancement strategies has been elusive. This study aims to investigate the technological advancement strategies for inventing alternative energy technologies by using patent data. This study empirically examines relationships between forward citation counts and the results of invention activities such as the degree and type of technological advancement (diversification), as well as other bibliographic information about the patent. Specifically, this study considers both the degree and the type of technological advancement of the patents, taking into account the scale and scope of technological knowledge. Finally, the study confirms the heterogeneous relationships between innovation impact and technological advancement in each field of alternative energy. It was confirmed that the innovation impact of patents related to wind energy was more significantly associated with the degree of technological advancement than that of patents related to other fields of alternative energy. In the case of patents related to fuel cells and biofuel, diversification of technological advancement was associated with a higher innovation impact. In the case of solar and hydro energy, specialization of technological advancement was found to be related to a higher innovation impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental sustainability of agricultural and industrial vehicles, as well as of the transportation sector, represents one of the most critical challenges to the sustainable development of a nation. In recent decades, compression-ignition engines have been widely used in on-road and off-road vehicles due to their better fuel economy, autonomy, compactness, and mechanical performance (spec. the high torque values). Due to the consistent environmental impact of fossil fuels, scientists are searching for alternative energy sources while preserving the beneficial features of diesel engines. The utilization of blends of diesel fuel, biodiesel, and bioethanol fuel (referred to as "ternary blends") is among the most promising solutions for replacing fossil fuels in the near term, allowing, at the same time, us to continue using existing vehicles until new technologies are developed, consolidated and adapted to the agricultural and industrial sector. These ternary blends can lower exhaust emissions without creating major problems for existing fuel-feeding systems, typically designed for low-viscosity fossil fuels. One of the concerns in using liquid biofuels, specifically biodiesel, is the high chemical affinity with conventional and bio-based lubricants, so the main parameters of lubricants can vary significantly after a long operation of the engine. The comprehensive literature review presented in this article delves into the technical challenges, the main research pathways, and the potential solutions associated with the utilization of biofuels. Additionally, it investigates the emerging application of nanoparticles as additives in lubricants and biofuels, highlighting their valuable potential. This study also discusses the potential implementation of bio-ethanol in ternary blends, offering a promising avenue for reducing reliance on fossil fuels while maintaining engine efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low rank coals are not used optimally, another way to increase this value is combustion without oxygen, known as pyrolysis. On the other hand, as a solid waste biomass, palm kernel shell (PKS) is a by-product of the palm oil industry that can cause environmental problems if not handled properly. In fact, the waste is plentiful and not even widely used, therefore it may also be an ideal feedstock for the pyrolysis process. This study compares the distribution of products from coal and PKS pyrolysis, and also characterizes the liquid (tar) and solid (char) products. The results show that the pyrolysis of coal produces more char, while the pyrolysis of PKS produces more gas. Higher tar yields were obtained with the pyrolysis process using PKS. GC-MS identified the main tar compounds for both materials as phenol and acetic acid, 3-methylphenol and methanol were also found in coal and PKS, respectively. The calorific value of char increased by about 5.19 % for coal and 41.12 % for PKS after pyrolysis. The other physical properties of coal and PKS are also improved after pyrolysis. Therefore, the application of pyrolysis in the use of coal and PKS can increase the added value of these two materials and contribute to alternative energy sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reasons (use of fossil fuels as a heat carrier) and consequences (prolonged energy and economic crises) of global warming are analyzed. It is shown that developing countries, using more advanced technologies, particularly in electricity production, are gaining global markets for raw materials and fuel. The vector of technological growth is shifting to Asian and South American countries. The global structure of electricity production by fuel types in countries with the highest electricity consumption is examined. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) data, in 2019, the majority of electricity production came from fossil sources, a small part from nuclear energy (10.3%), and 26.7% from renewable energy sources (RES). It is demonstrated that half of the world's electricity production is concentrated in three countries: China (30%), the United States (15.5%), and India (6%). Significant contributions are made by EU countries, accounting for 11.2% of global production (including 37.1% from RES). Global renewable energy capacity was 16.7% in 2010, 26.3% in 2019, and 28.7% in 2021. This growth is attributed to the UN's climate policy, aiming at decarbonizing the global economy, and substantial investments in the energy sector. Challenges hindering further growth of renewable energy share in China and other countries are discussed, including the insufficient number of energy storage systems (partly due to high entry costs ranging from 200 to 600 dollars per kWh) and the need for long-distance energy transmission. China, a global leader in renewable energy usage, generates almost 50% of the world's renewable energy capacity. Solar energy, including space projects, is considered the most promising among RES. However, a complete transition to RES is currently impossible due to various reasons. The key problem lies in ensuring an uninterrupted energy supply to consumers. Therefore, there is a need to accelerate the development of powerful energy storage systems and power lines for end consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One shortcoming of the current grid in North America is a lack of resiliency and reliability in inclement weather and the general need for investment to update its aging infrastructure. This is especially apparent in the Southeastern U.S., where tornadoes, hurricanes, flooding, and lightning strikes regularly disrupt power to customers. One way to increase grid resiliency in natural disasters is through the implementation of microgrids, which are a group of customers within defined electrical boundaries with the ability to connect to the grid or disconnect from the grid and operate independently in island mode. There are several factors impeding microgrid adoption, especially regulatory uncertainty. In many states, and particularly Southeastern states, there are not explicit tariffs regulating the interconnection and operation of microgrids, making investment in microgrids risky. Microgrids have been difficult for states to regulate because they often integrate multiple energy technologies and have complex ownership structures. There are three primary policy suggestions that could enhance microgrid adoption in the Southeastern U.S.: (1) States should adopt regulatory frameworks for microgrids that properly value the resiliency and grid benefits of microgrids, particularly through legislation that establishes legal definitions and rights of microgrids. (2) State legislatures should consider a shift to performance‐based ratemaking (PBR) rather than cost‐of‐service (COS) ratemaking to better prioritize certain performance goals, such as grid resiliency, and encourage more widespread adoption of microgrids. (3). To improve the economics of microgrids, state legislatures should consider authorizing community choice aggregation (CCA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Slavic Studies is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines the current state of development of the alternative energy market in Ukraine. An analysis of the energy market of Ukraine was made and the main factors stimulating the development of alternative energy were determined. These factors include legislative, economic, technological, administrative, geographic, and informational psychological factors. Changes in legislation related to the use of renewable energy sources are analyzed. A plan for the development of renewable energy sources in Ukraine is being considered. Today, most countries are trying to change their development scenarios to meet the ever-increasing energy needs. They do this by introducing new policies and focusing on alternative energy and energy efficiency issues. The transformation of energy markets is an important manifestation of modern energy trends. In this context, the achievements made within the framework of the Third Energy Package of the European Union regarding the creation of the European Union energy market should be particularly important. The analysis of the consequences of the transformation of energy markets in accordance with the Third Energy Package of the European Union allows to determine the main features and trends of the development of modern energy and to form connections between the subjects of the energy market in the next 10-20 years. All European countries have set targets for renewable energy. The European Union aims to become the world’s first climate-neutral continent by 2050.To achieve this goal, the European Union has launched its most ambitious package of measures, the European Green Deal, which aims to help people and companies in Europe achieve a sustainable green transition. In the light of the current pandemic, growing competition, globalization and ongoing European integration, research into the development of alternative energy is particularly important for Ukraine. Changes to the «green tariff» for wind and solar energy are presented. The paper shows that modern technological trends and improvement of energy efficiency and energy security of the country require changes in electricity production and are important for the country as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electricity in Indonesia uses fossil fuels as an energy source. If fossil fuels run out, we will lose our largest source of electrical energy. Therefore, we need a way to reduce dependence on fossil fuels by making good use of renewable energy as a source of electrical energy. One of them is Green Technology Electricity with the utilization of sewage water to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. This study aims to determine the potential of sewage water assisted by Cu/Mg electrodes as a source of street lighting, manufacturing, and testing methods, and the effect of optimizing sewage water on electrical performance as street lighting. Lack of lighting in residential areas is also a supporting factor in this research. The stages used are preparation, incubation, construction assembly, research, and strength testing. Based on research, the sewage water from Perum Pesona Permata Gading can be used as street lighting with the highest potential difference and current strength being 4.4 V and 0.55 A for each 50 mL of the sewage water.