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The main cause of power loss or dissipation of heat in case of meshed gears is due to friction existing between gear tooth mesh and is a major concern in low rotational speed gears, whereas in case of high operating speed the power loss taking place due to compression of air-lubricant mixture (churning losses) and windage losses due to aerodynamic trial of air lubricant mixture which controls the total efficiency needs to be considered. Therefore, in order to improve mechanical efficiency it is necessary for gear designer during gear tooth optimization to consider these energy losses. In this research paper the power loss analysis for a tooth-sum of 100 altered by ±4% operating between a specified center distance is considered. The results show that negative altered tooth-sum gearing performs better as compared to standard and positive altered tooth-sum gearing.

The estimation of gear tooth stiffness is important for finding the load distribution between the gear teeth when two consecutive sets of teeth are in contact. Based on dynamic model a C-program has been developed to compute mesh stiffness. By using this program position dependent mesh stiffness of spur gear tooth for various profile shifts have been computed for a fixed center distance and altering tooth-sum gearing (100 by ± 4%). It is found that the C-program using dynamic model is one of the rapid soft computing technique which helps in design of gears. The mesh tooth stiffness along the path of contact is studied for both 20° and 25° pressure angle gears at various profile shifts. Better tooth stiffness is noticed in case of negative alteration tooth-sum gears compared to standard and positive alteration tooth-sum gears. Also, in case of negative alteration tooth-sum gearing better mesh stiffness is noticed in 20° pressure angle when compared to 25°., {"references":["Ivana Atanasovska., \"Influence of stiffness and base pitch deviation on load distribution between tooth pairs and involute gear load capacity\", Faculty of technical sciences, Novi Sad, Machine design, 47th Anniversary of the Faculty, pp. 259-264, May 18th 2007.","Wang K. L. and Cheng H. S. \"A numerical solution to the dynamic load, Film thickness and surface temperature of spur gears: part I analysis\", ASME journal of mechanical design, Vol. 103, pp. 177-187, 1981.","Yang D. C. H. and Sun Z. S. \"A rotary model for spur gear dynamics\". ASME journal of mechanisms, transmissions, and automation in design, Vol. 107, pp. 529-535, 1985.","Moore, W. L., \"Low cycle fatigue and ultimate strength related to gear design\". Trans of the ASME, Journal of mechanical design, Vol. 101, pp. 373-379, 1979.","V.Atanasiu, I. Doroftei., \"Dynamic contact loads of spur gear pairs with addendum modifications\", European journal of mechanical and environmental engineering, Vol. 49(2), pp. 21-26, Romania, 2008.","Ali, hammoudi and Amal a. Abdullah. \"Non-linear analysis spur gear mesh by finite element method\", Journal of kerbala university, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 260-273, 2007.","C. H. Wink and A. L. Serpa, \"Investigation of tooth contact deviations from the plane of action and their effects on gear transmission error\", Proceedings of the institution of mechanical engineers, Part C: Journal of mechanical engineering sciences, Vol. 219 (5), pp. 501-509, 2005.","Frolov, K.V and Kosarev O.I. \"Control of gear vibrations at their source\", International applied mechanics, 39(1): pp. 49-55, 2003. Doi: 10.1023/A: 1023612015873.","Burgess E.G., Jr. \"Minimization of gear train inertia\". Trans. of the ASME, Vol. 76, pp. 493-496, 1954.\n[10]\tFakhfakh, T, Walha, L, Louati, J, haddar M, \"Effect of manufacturing and assembly defects on two stage gear system vibration\", The international journal of advanced manufacturing technology, Vol. 19(9-10), pp. 1008-1018, 2006.\n[11]\tViktor Skrickij, Marijonas Bogdevicius, \"Vehicle gearbox dynamics: center distance influence on mesh stiffness and spur gear dynamics\", ISSN 1648-4142, Transport, pp. 278-286, 2010. doi: 10.3846/transport.2010.34.\n[12]\tGill- Jeong C. \"Nonlinear behavior analysis of spur gear pairs with a one way clutch\", Journal of sound and vibration, Vol. 301(3-5), pp. 760-776, 2007. Doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2006.10.040.\n[13]\tLitak G, and Friswell M.I., \"Dynamics of a gear system with faults in meshing stiffness\", Nonlinear dynamics, Vol. 41(4), pp. 415-421, 2005, Doi: 10.1007/s11071-005-1398-y.\n[14]\tA. Palerno, D. Mundo, A.S. Lentini, R. Hadjit, P. Mas and W. Desmet., \"Gear noise evaluation through multibody TE-based simulations\", Proceedings of ISMA leuven, belgio, pp. 3033-3046, 2010.\n[15]\tLin T. and Seireg A., \"An optimum design algorithm for gear systems incorporating surface temperature\", Vol. 41(4), pp. 415-421, 2005, Doi: 10.1007/s11071-005-1398-y.\n[16]\tSachidananda, H, K. Joseph, G. and Prakash, H. R. \"Analysis of contact stresses in altered tooth-sum spur gearing,\" Journal of applied mechanical engineering, Vol. 1(1), pp. 1-5, 2012.\n[17]\tSachidananda, H. K., K. Raghunandana. and J. Gonsalvis \"Design of spur gears using profile modifications,\" Tribology Transactions, Vol. 58(4), pp. 736-744, 2015.\n[18]\tA. D. Lin and J H. Kuang. On the bending and surface fatigues of an engaging, spur gear pair, 12th IFTMM world congress, Besancon (France), June 18-21, 2007.\n[19]\tYang Y. T. and Kuang J. H., \"An estimate of mesh stiffness and load sharing ratio of a spur gear pair\". Proceedings of ASME 12th International power transmission and gearing conference, Scottsdale, Arizona, De-vol. 43-1, pp. 1-10, 1992."]}