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Die vorliegende Magisterarbeit befasst sich mit den beschrifteten Bronzewaffen der Früh- und Mittelbronzezeit (3. bis Mitte 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr.) aus dem Gebiet des Vorderen Orients. Dabei werden hauptsächlich die mit Keilschriftzeichen beschrifteten Waffen näher untersucht und zusammengefasst. Die Waffen wurden nach folgenden Gesichtspunkten untersucht; gab es bei der Beschriftung der Stücke bspw. besondere Moden oder „Trends“ für die verschiedenen Zeiten oder Regionen, wurde eine Waffen- und/ oder Inschriftengattung bei der Beschriftung anderen vorgezogen, wandelte sich die Sitte Waffen zu beschriften mit der Zeit und in den einzelnen Epochen, von wem und warum wurden Waffen beschriftet, welche Vorgänger gab es, taucht die Sitte überall gleichzeitig auf oder verbreitete sie sich von einer Region in die anderen, zu welcher Zeit waren welche Waffen beliebt und korreliert dies mit deren Benutzungsphasen, wurden einfache oder eher sog. Prunkwaffen für die Beschriftung genutzt, finden sich in den Nachbarregionen ähnliche Beispiele und hört die Sitte mit dem Aufkommen von Eisen als Werkstoff auf oder wird sie weiter tradiert bzw. für die Eisenwaffen übernommen? Dazu wurden sämtliche bis 2012 in Textsammlungen, Publikationen, Ausstellungskatalogen und Zeitschriften publizierte Waffen der Früh- und Mittelbronzezeit in einem Katalog aufgenommen und anschließend ausgewertet. In der Arbeit wird sich zeigen, dass der Anteil an beschrifteten Waffen im Vergleich zu anderen Objektgruppen gering war, da unter anderem die verschiedenen Metalle erst aus z.B. der Türkei oder dem Iran importiert werden mussten, was sie wiederum zu kostspieligen Materialien machte. So sind auch beschriftete Waffen eher als eine Art Luxusgut anzusehen, welche vor allem von den Eliten der jeweiligen Zeit in Gebrauch waren.

The text mining functions of eAQUA are particularly suited to complement conventional search strategies. Based on the profile of an ancient author whose work has been completely or nearly completely preserved, their tradition can be reconstructed. Plutarch’s biography of Pericles is analysed using CitationGraph and graphically represented. This tool also serves to reconstruct the work of any author whose work is fragmentary. Modern fragment collections of ancient authors have tended to depend heavily on editor’s decisions, whose decisions are at times hard to reconstruct. On the basis of two examples – the sayings of the so-called Seven Wise Men and the Atthidographer Clidemus – the tool CitationGraph is used here to demonstrate the independence from editorial dominance and the insights to which this can lead.

In September 2018 the population of the capital area reached 1.4 million. Places such as al-Khod need room for growth. The development of this area during the past 20 years includes the building of the Nizwa road, highway 15, to its north-east Lulu al-Bandar super market and flanking to its west a large housing settlement. Tombs are scattered over the three mountains (600m x 300m area). The Ministry of Defence plan to develop the mountains (Fig. 1) as a recreational facility – the ‘Heritage Hill’ project. This document reports first on the excavation and documents 140 burial structures, the excavated finds, the clearance of stone from the tomb cluster on the southern mountain, figures of the 3D and drawings of the tomb floors as well as thumbnails of the tombs ordered sequentially in ascending order.

The field of the new media encounter is a narrative of long duration in the context of modernization and progress discourses, which starts in classical antiquity with Plato's myth of Theuth (Plat.Prot.) and is continued until today, e.g. in Lévi-Strauss' Tristes Tropiques (A World on the Wane). In the Digital Classics which constitute a new field in this encounter we can see the possibilities of the multi-dimensionality - here the conditions of order and arrangement of texts are discussed, but also the change in forms of representation. The position of the project eAQUA within the discussion of digital media is analyzed and some of the perspectives are discussed which have emerged from the project work: cooccurrence search, the systematization of chance (serendipity), rare incidents and new ways of contextualizing the chronological and spatial visualization.

One of the best sources of information about our cultural origin are written texts. Often, texts are hidden, sometimes erased, faded away, or written over, sometimes not easily accessible in rolled or folded documents. Due to recent improvements in sensitivity and resolution, spectacular disclosures of rolled hidden texts were possible by X-ray tomography, most of them made out of parchment. However, revealing text on folded manuscripts is even more challenging. Due to the fragile condition of fragments, manual unfolding is often too risky, as it can lead to the total loss of the document. X-ray tomography allows for virtual unfolding and enables non-destructive access to hidden texts. Here, the progress in virtual unfolding is reviewed, focusing on papyri from Elephantine Island near Aswan. The project is a part of the European Research Council’s starting grant ELEPHANTINE. Results on unfolding ancient papyrus packages from the papyrus collection of the Musée du Louvre and of the Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung, Berlin are discussed.

The Indus Valley civilization is one of the greatest aquatic cultures of antiquity along with those of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Bactria - Margiana and China. It has been claimed to represent the easternmost manifestation of a 3rd millennium interregional urbanization and trade network that included the Nile Valley and the area expanding from the Mediterranean Sea to the East throughout the Iranian plateau to the wider Indus region. Masterpieces of these cultures including jewelry and fine vessels share a corpus of common forms and imagery, demonstrating not only the breadth but also the depth of intercultural exchange along the vast trading network that stretched between the Mediterranean and the Indus river. On the basis of archaeological evidence, the existence of indirect contacts between the Aegean and the Indus Valley civilization can validly be inferred. The two civilizations flourished in this first early cosmopolitan context, taking advantage of achievements made in distant places.