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Objectives Marginal zone lymphoma accounts 5%-17% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas and has an indolent clinical course. The parameters that predict prognosis and the need for treatment are still unclear. The aim of the current study was to examine the impact of parameters on the course of disease and the need for treatment in marginal zone lymphoma. Methods A retrospective study was conducted with marginal zone lymphoma patients in the two centres between 2010 and 2018. The demographic and disease characteristics, and also hematological and biochemical parameters at the time of diagnosis were examined. The effect of the parameters on overall survival and need for treatment were analyzed. Results During the follow-up, 25 patients required treatment and 15 patiens were followed up without treatment. Overall survival was significantly higher in patients with nodal marginal zone lymphoma than in extranodal and splenic marginal zone lymphoma patients. overall survival of patients who required treatment was 92.9 months while untreated patients was 58.4 months and there was no significant difference among the groups. The platelet count of untreated patients at the time of diagnosis were significantly higher than patients who received treatment. No significant relationship was found between any parameter and overall survival. Conclusions We demonstrated platelet count at the time of diagnosis as a predictive factor for future treatment need. It is an objective and simple blood test that may be helpful to predict the course of the disease although further studies are warranted.

© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature.Purpose: Our aim was to determine the long-term safety and efficacy of the Flow Re-Direction Endoluminal Device (FRED) in this multicenter study with prospective design. Materials-method: This study included 136 consecutive patients with 155 aneurysms treated between March 2013 and June 2016 in 10 centers. Twenty-two (16.2%) patients presented with rupture of the index aneurysm. Large/giant aneurysms comprised 1/3 of the cohort. Adjuvant coil use during the treatment was 15.5%. The effectiveness measure in the study was the percentage of aneurysms with stable occlusion at follow-up. Results: Vascular imaging follow-up was performed at least once in 131/136 (96.3%) patients with 148/155 (95.5%) aneurysms up to 75 months (mean: 37.3 months; median: 36 months according to latest follow-up), and 102/155(65.8%) aneurysms in 90/136 (66.2%) patients had ≥ 24-month control. According to the latest controls, the overall stable occlusion rate was 91.9% (95% CI, 87.5 to 96.3%). Three out of 148 aneurysms with follow-up were retreated (2%, 95% CI 0.0 to 4.3%). Adverse events were noted in 19/136 (14%, 95% CI, 9 to 21%) patients with a morbidity of 1.5% (95% CI, 0.0 to 3.5%). Mortality was 1/136 (0.7%, 95% CI, 0.02 to 2.2%) and was unrelated to aneurysm treatment. In-stent stenosis (ISS) was detected in 10/131 of the patients with follow-up (7.6%, 95% CI; 3.1 to 12.2%), only one being symptomatic. No adverse events have occurred in any of the patients with follow-up after 24 months, except the one resulting from ISS. Conclusion: In the treatment of cerebral aneurysms which were candidates for flow diversion technique, this study showed long-term efficacy of FRED with good safety and occlusion rates.

AIM: Is to evaluate the influence of glucovance therapy on biomechanical properties of bone in streptozotocin - induced diabetes mellitus (DM) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 28 male Wistar-Albino rats (12-week-old; 210-300 g) were divided into 4 groups including control (C; no treatment; n=7), sham [Sh; distilled water (gavage, for 8 weeks); n=7], diabetes [DM; streptozotocin (45 mg/kg, single i.p injection); n=7] and diabetes+ Glucovance treatment [DM+G; streptozotocin (45 mg/kg, single i.p injection) + Glucovance (Glucovance, 500/5 mg/kg/day/rat, gavage, for 8 weeks); n=7] groups. Body weight, blood glucose levels (BGLs), bone mineral density (BMD) and geometric/mechanical properties of bone tissue were evaluated. BGLs in diabetic rats were significantly increased compared to non-diabetic rats, while the body weights were decreased (p0.05). Maximum load, energy absorption capacity, ultimate stress, ultimate strain, toughness and displacement were shown to decrease and stiffness was shown to increase in DM rats (p

Gelastic seizures are the type of seizures that are most commonly seen in childhood and should be excluded definitely in the differential diagnosis of hypothalamic hamartomas. This seizure type may be accompanied by refractory seizures, cognitive decline, and early puberty. However, etiology may also include other causes different than hypothalamic hamartomas. The seizure may also arise from temporal and frontal region, in addition to hypothalamus. Different clinical findings may be observed based on origin and areas of spread. In this article, we report a case of gelastic seizure that has been observed by a different cause other than hypothalamic hamartoma which was reported for the first time in the literature.

Background Hemangiondothelioma is a rare vascular tumor that can occur in the bone. Temporal bone involvement has been reported extremely rare in the literature. Case Radiological examination of a one-year-old girl who was admitted due to facial paralysis revealed vascular tumor of the temporal bone and Galen vein aneurysm. Pathological examination showed retiform hemangioendothelioma. She was treated with propranolol, prednisolone, vincristine, and endovascular embolization followed by oral sirolimus. With sirolimus treatment, a partial response was obtained first, then the tumor remained stable and sirolimus treatment was discontinued. No progression was observed in the disease after discontinuation of treatment. Conclusion In this article, a case of hemangioendothelioma originating from the temporal bone is discussed in the light of other case reports in the literature.

Summary Background Ophthalmoplegia secondary to a traumatic dissecting aneurysm in the cavernous segment of internal carotid artery (ICA) is a relatively rare entity. Anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy is the preferred treatment option for carotid dissections. However, endovascular interventions are noninvasive and alternative methods to surgery, especially in cases of aneurysms that do not respond to medical therapy. Case Report We report of a 19-year-old man presenting with left-sided, total ophthalmoplegia after a traffic accident. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) revealed a dissection beginning at the cervical segment of internal carotid artery (ICA) together with a dissecting aneurysm in the cavernous segment. A stent was placed in the narrowed and dissected segment of ICA, and the dissecting aneurysm of the cavernous segment was successfully managed with a stent-assisted coil embolization. After the endovascular treatment of the aneurysm, a full recovery of cranial nerve function was achieved. Conclusions Immediate diagnosis and appropriate therapy of dissecting aneurysms is necessary for good clinical outcomes in cases of ophthalmoplegia.

Temporary or permanent central venous catheter (CVC) insertion has been performed frequently for hemodialysis treatment. One of the most important long-term complications of CVC is the central venous occlusion (CVO). Treatment of CVO consists of percutaneous angioplasty (PTA), PTA and stent implantation, or surgical procedure for resistant occlusions. Clinical outcome and long-term results of the revascularization procedures are well documented. However, there is no clear information about acute medical complications of the procedures. High-output heart failure (HOHF) is associated with several diseases including chronic anemia, psoriasis, systemic arteriovenous fistula, sepsis, hypercapnia, multiple myeloma, and hyperthyroidism. Herein, we report a case of chronic kidney disease with CVO that developed acute HOHF immediately after the revascularization procedure (PTA and stenting).

Bithalamic lesions are uncommon, however, both focal and systemic disorders may present bilateral abnormalities in the thalamus in different acute and chronic clinical situations. Neuroimaging, in particular magnetic resonance imaging, plays an essential role in diagnostic approach. Imaging features such as signal alterations, diffusion restriction or contrast enhancement are helpful in characterization of these abnormalities. The location of the lesions may provide key information because some pathologies typically involve a certain part of the thalamus. In addition to thalamic findings, neuroimaging findings in other parts of the brain associated with the clinical and laboratory information should be taken into account to make a correct diagnosis.

Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma is usually described as a tumor localizing the soft tissues lower extremities and the paravertebral region. Paranasal primary Ewing's sarcomas are extremely rare entity. We present a case of primary Ewing's sarcoma of the paranasal sinus extending left orbit and middle cranial fossa in a 14-year-old male. CT and MRI findings of the rare case are discussed.

Actinomycosis is a rare chronic infectious disease caused by Actinomyces israelii, which is an anaerobic filamentous, gram-positive saprophyte organism of the oral cavity. Historically, these bacteria were known as fungi because of their light microscopic appearance. Actinomycosis consists of three different forms: cervico-facial (the most common form), abdominal and pulmonothoracic. It commonly involves the head and neck region including the mandible, paranasal sinuses, lacrimal gland, parotid gland and orbit. Poor oral hygiene and dental diseases have been known to be the source of actinomycosis. Actinomycosis is diagnosed with positive culture or detecting actinomyces colonies and sulfur granules in histopathologic specimens. The treatment of choice is surgical excision of the lesion and long-term penicillin therapy. Actinomycosis of the internal nose is extremely rare. There was only one nasal septum actinomycosis reported in the English literature, but there was no lateral nasal wall actiomycosis regarding the turbinate. Therefore, actinomycosis should not be overlooked for the differential diagnosis of intra-nasal lesions for the initiation of appropriate and early treatment.

Objectives To evaluate the diagnostic value of the renal parenchymal density difference, detected using unenhanced helical computed tomography, as a secondary sign of acute obstruction due to a ureteral stone. Methods Fifty-five patients with acute flank pain, in whom a ureteral stone was detected on the symptomatic side using unenhanced helical computed tomography, and 22 control subjects with no urinary stone disease were included in this prospective study. Computed tomography was performed, starting from the upper poles of the kidneys down to the base of the urinary bladder. The renal parenchymal density was measured in the upper, middle, and lower portions of each kidney, and a mean value was calculated. The difference between the mean values of the two kidneys was used to predict the presence of an acutely obstructing ureteral stone. Results In 49 patients with a ureteral stone (89.1%), the difference between the parenchymal densities of the obstructed and nonobstructed kidneys was 5 Hounsfield units (HU) or greater and was lower on the obstructed side. In the remaining 6 patients (10.9%), the density difference was less than 5 HU but was still lower on the obstructed side. All subjects in the control group had a density difference of less than 5 HU. A renal parenchymal density difference of 5.0 HU or greater had 89.1% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, 85.7% negative predictive value, and 93.4% accuracy in predicting the presence of an acute obstructing ureteral stone. Conclusions These data suggest that the renal parenchymal density difference may be a valuable secondary sign of acute obstructing ureteral stone disease.

Resume Objectif. – Mesurer la valeur de l’angle de couverture anterieure de la tete femorale, appelee ici VCE, dans une population temoin. Patients et methodes. – La mesure de l’angle VCE sur le faux profil de Lequesne a ete effectuee, entre octobre 2000 et octobre 2001, aux 2 hanches dans une population temoin de 102 volontaires comprenant 79 femmes et 23 hommes. Les radiographies montrant une coxopathie degenerative et celles de mauvaise qualite ont ete exclues de l’etude. En consequence, 181 radiographies ont ete analysees. Resultats. – Chacune des 181 radiographies a ete analysee par 2 examinateurs, un chirurgien orthopediste et un radiologue, et dans chaque cas a 2 reprises a 24 h d’intervalle ; ceci, selon une meme methodologie standardisee avec le meme rapporteur. La valeur moyenne de l’angle VCE etait de 49,27 ± 7,77° (extremes : 24,75 et 68,75). Cette valeur moyenne est differente de celles observees dans les etudes anterieures. Nous n’avons pas trouve de difference significative inter- ou intra-observateur. Conclusion. – Nos resultats pourraient servir a determiner un nouveau parametre pour evaluer la couverture anterieure de la tete femorale. Chez les patients ayant une dysplasie cotyloidienne avec un defaut de couverture anterieure, ce parametre pourrait etre utile pour porter les indications operatoires, pour determiner la technique operatoire et pour evaluer les resultats postoperatoires.

Thyroid hemiagenesis is a rare congenital anomaly, which is usually discovered incidentally during thyroid work up or during surgery especially in recent years. The imaging modalities are helpful not only in the diagnosis of this condition, but also in the demonstration of associated anomalies. In this study, two cases of thyroid hemiagenesis are reported with ultrasonography (US), computed tomography and scintigraphy findings.

Introduction: The differentiation of unilateral versus bilateral varicoceles and testicular volume measurements are important in determining the need for adolescent varicocele surgery and also in following patients after varicocelectomy. The aim of this study was to prospectively compare the findings of physical examination and color Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of pediatric varicoceles and to compare the findings using the Prader orchidometer and scrotal ultrasonography in the measurement of testicular volumes. Patients and Methods: This study included 68 boys with varicoceles, ranging in age from 8 to 19 years. Varicoceles were diagnosed using both physical examination and scrotal color Doppler ultrasonography. The testicular volumes of 136 testicles were measured using the Prader orchidometer and scrotal ultrasonography. A difference of more than 10% or 2 ml in each testicular volume was considered significant. Results: The mean age of the boys was 13.5 ± 2.3 years. On physical examination, a left unilateral varicocele was diagnosed in 46 boys (67.6%). The other 22 boys (32.4%) had bilateral varicoceles. Color Doppler ultrasonography detected bilateral varicoceles in 4 of the 46 boys (8.7%) who were diagnosed by physical examination as having only left unilateral varicoceles (grade 3 in 3 patients and grade 2 in 1 patient). A different of more than 10% or 2 ml in testicular volume using the Prader orchidometer versus scrotal ultrasonography was detected in 3 out of 136 testicles (2.2%). The correlation between ultrasonography and Prader orchidometer results in the measurement of testicular volumes was statistically highly significantly consistent using the intraclass correlation test (r = 0.997 and p < 0.001 for the left testis; r = 0.998 and p < 0.001 for the right testis). Conclusions: Although the management of subclinical varicoceles remains controversial, these data show that color Doppler ultrasonography may be necessary in the diagnosis of bilateral varicoceles, especially in boys with high-grade left varicoceles. In contrast, scrotal ultrasonography, if considered the gold standard, did not show superiority over the Prader orchidometer in measuring testicular volumes.

Ecchordosis physaliphora (EP) is a notochordal remnant typically located at the dorsal surface of the clivus, which has to be distinguished from the other retroclival lesions. Our aim is to investigate the imaging features of intracranial EP using precontrast and contrast-enhanced fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (FIESTA). We retrospectively evaluated the precontrast and contrast-enhanced FIESTA images of 399 patients with temporal magnetic resonance imaging to detect “classical EP” and “possible EP.” The classical EP was classified into type A (hyperintense excrescence (cyst-like component) on the dorsal surface of the clivus) and type B (hyperintense excrescence plus a hyperintense lesion within the clivus). Possible EP was subdivided as incomplete EP (T2-hypointense protrusion of the clivus) and EP variant (hyperintense lesion within the clivus alone). We found 31 (31 of 399, 7.7 %) EPs of which 11 were defined as classical EP (2.7 %) and 20 were defined as possible EP (5.0 %). Of the 11 classical EPs, 7 (63.6 %) were diagnosed as type A and 4 (% 36.4) were diagnosed as type B. Of the 20 possible EPs, 19 were classified as incomplete EP (95.0 %) and one was classified as EP variant (5.0 %). Contrast-enhanced FIESTA images are helpful in the assessment of EP, although we do not define a role in the current classification proposed by Chihara et al. (Eur Radiol 23:2854–2860, 2013).

An extremely rare bifurcation pattern at the caudal abdominal aorta was encountered on the pelvic angiography and MR angiography of a male patient. Instead of dividing into two common iliac arteries, the caudal abdominal aorta first gave the right external iliac artery at the level of the last lumbar arteries, then bifurcated into a right internal iliac artery and a left common iliac artery. The median sacral artery originated at this anomalous bifurcation. This high origin of the right external iliac artery and separate branching of these right iliac vessels from the abdominal aorta are important during the interventions in the region. We present the angiography findings and discuss the embryological origin of this unusual and unreported congenital anomaly.

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infection, which generally occurs in the liver and lung. Localization of hydatid cyst in the thoracic aorta and false aneurysm formation are extremely rare in the endemic countries. We report a rare case of hydatid cyst invading the wall of thoracic aorta resulting in a false aneurysm, which was clearly demonstrated by contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT).

Background There are many systemic complications of conventional selective renal arteriography (SRA), such as contrast-mediated nephropathy. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) and renal artery Doppler ultrasonography (DUSG) have been used increasingly for renal artery stenosis (RAS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of CE-MRA and DUSG as used for diagnosis of RAS. Material/Methods We divided 130 consecutive patients investigated for resistant hypertension into 2 groups based on age: group 1 was patients 60 year. DUSG, CE-MRA, and SRA were performed in group 1 and group 2 patients. Results Seventy-two patients (24 males [M], 48 females [F]) in group 1, and 58 patients (26 M, 32 F) in group 2 were included in the study. In the evaluation of clinically significant renal artery stenosis with DUSG, in group 1 the overall sensitivity was 83.33% and overall specificity was 81.82%, and in group 2 they were 69.23% and 0%, respectively, when compared with SRA. In the evaluation of clinically significant renal artery stenosis with CE-MRA, the overall sensitivity and specificity were 92.31% and 36.36%, respectively, in group 1 and 100.00% and 73.33%, respectively in group 2, when compared with SRA. Conclusions CE-MRA is an accurate, non-invasive method for the diagnosis of RAS in patients above 60 years of age and DUSG may be the choice of diagnostic method for RAS in patients under 60 years of age.

Objectives. – To measure the anterior center edge (VCE) angle that reflects anterior coverage of the femoral head. Patients and methods. – False profile views of both hips of 102 volunteers, 23 male and 79 female, were taken between October 2000 and October 2001. Radiographs with evidence of degenerative hip disease and those with poor image quality were excluded from the study. This left 181 radiographs. Results. – An orthopedic surgeon and a radiologist used a standard protractor to examine each of the 181 radiographs twice, at an interval of 24 h. The mean VCE angle was 49.27 ± 7.77° (range, 24.75–68.75), a value different from those found in previous studies. No significant intraobserver or interobserver differences were found. Conclusions. – Our findings may contribute to the determination of a new parameter for evaluating anterior femoral head covering. In patients with acetabular dysplasia and deficient anterior coverage, this parameter may prove useful for selecting patients for surgery, planning the procedure, and evaluating postoperative results.

Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube (FTC) is extremely rare. We report a case of serous adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube. A 60-year-old, nulliparous and post-menopausal woman had a complaint of serohaemorrhagical vaginal discharge. Laboratory results, including serum CA-125, were normal. Transvaginal ultrasonography (US) revealed a tubular cystic lesion with multiple echogenic mural nodules in the right adnexal region. On computed tomography (CT), a well-delineated, tubular, hypodense lesion with thickened wall, mural nodular densities and septations was detected. Fallopian tube tumour was suspected radiologically and was proved operatively and histopathologically. The clinical and radiological clues that were of help in the diagnosis were discussed.

This study was performed to evaluate the possible involvement of the proximal tibiofibular joint in primary osteoarthritis of the knee. A total of 40 patients with primary osteoarthritis of the knee who had magnetic resonance imaging scans were reexamined for proximal tibiofibular joint involvement. The patient was questioned if pain was present in the proximal tibiofibular joint while at rest, when walking and climbing stairs. Symptoms were evaluated by applying moderate compression over the proximal tibiofibular joint during active ankle and knee motions. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were reexamined by two radiologists. Three of the 40 patients had minimal or moderate pain in the proximal tibiofibular joint during stair-climbing and on clinical examination. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of these three patients revealed osteophyte or subchondral cyst formation, or both. Degenerative changes in the proximal tibiofibular joint may be evident in association with osteoarthritis of the knee and may result in lateral-sided pain at the knee.

Arachnoid granulations show typical imaging features that allow their distinction from dural sinus thrombosis and intrasinus tumor. These features include a mid-lateral transverse sinus location, focality, common adjacent entering superficial veins, origin of attachment, low density on computed tomography (CT), isointensity-hypointensity on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and hyperintensity on T2-weighted MRI. We report the CT and MRI findings of incidentally detected bilateral arachnoid granulations in the transverse sinuses of a patient with ocular melanoma.

To investigate the effect of insulin therapy on biomechanical properties of bone in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in rats.A total of 28 male Wistar-Albino rats (12-week-old; 210-300g) were divided into 4 groups (n=7 for each) including control [C; no treatment], sham [Sh; distilled water i.p., for 8 weeks], diabetes [T1DM; 65mg/kg of STZ, single i.p.] and diabetes+insulin treatment [T1DM+I; 65mg/kg of STZ, single i.p.+insulin; 2-4UI/day/rat, i.p., for 8 weeks] groups. Body weight, blood glucose levels (BGLs), bone mineral density (BMD) and geometric/mechanical properties of bone tissue were evaluated.BGLs in diabetic rats were significantly increased compared to non-diabetic rats, while the body weights were decreased (p0.05). Femur length and cross-sectional area of femur were significantly decreased in both T1DM and T1DM+I groups (p0.05). The significant reduction obtained in BMD in T1DM rats compared with C and Sh (p0.05) groups was reversed by insulin treatment (p0.05). Displacement, absorbed energy, maximum load, ultimate stress and toughness were significantly decreased inT1DM and T1DM+I groups compared to C and Sh groups (p0.05).In conclusion, insulin treatment seems to be ineffective in restoration of biomechanical deterioration of bone specific to STZ-induced T1DM.

The abdominal aorta (AA) begins at the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm, in front of the lower border of the body of the last thoracic vertebra and descending in front of the vertebral column and ends on the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra, commonly a little to the left of the middle line by dividing into the two common iliac arteries. The celiac trunk (CeT) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) are the two widest vessels arising from the ventral aorta. The celiac trunk divides into the left gastric, common hepatic and splenic arteries. SMA and the coeliac trunk can arise from the ventral aorta as a common origin.1 The unusual embryologic development of the ventral splanchnic arteries can lead to considerable variations.2 Many variational patterns of the CeT have been described. A review by Yi et al.3 summarized that only 87.7% of CeTs exhibited classic trifurcation. An incomplete CeT, namely bifurcation, accounted for 5.8–24.1%. Aside from these variations, the CeT itself may be absent and its branches can arise directly from the aorta. Moreover, in rare cases, the CeT and SMA may be fused into a common celiacomesenteric trunk (CMT), of which the incidence was mentioned as 0–11% (average, 1.5%).3 Many different types of catheter or intra‐aortic balloon pumping are commonly used either to diagnose vascular diseases or treat them via the AA. In abnormalities like a tortuous AA, use of catheters is advised with great caution; straight‐tipped catheters are discouraged.4-7

PubMedID: 20446056 Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have various skeletal disorders and bone quality can be impaired in DM leading to fractures. Wistar albino male rats (270-300 g; n=16) were assigned randomly to nondiabetic and diabetic rats (single dose intravenous injection of 45 mg/kg streptozotocin). All rats in each group were perpetuated for 8 weeks, and blood glucose levels as well as body weights were measured once weekly. Biomechanical measurements were performed at the mid-diaphysis of the left femur with tensile test. Extrinsic and intrinsic properties were measured or calculated. Bone mineral density (BMD) was also evaluated and measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Cross-sectional area of the femoral shaft was evaluated by computerized tomography. Blood glucose levels in diabetic rats were significantly increased compared to that of the nondiabetic rats, while the body and femur weights were decreased (P0.05). The maximum load, ultimate stress, and toughness endpoints in diabetic rats were significantly decreased compared to that of the nondiabetics (P0.05). Femurs of diabetic rats had less absorbed energy than that in nondiabetics (P0.05). The bone quality of rats is decreased by streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

An ectopic kidney was found incidentally in a 20-year-old male patient during the abdominopelvic CT angiography. It was situated on the right side at the abdominopelvic junction, partly in the abdomen at the level of the intervertebral disc between L3 and L4 superiorly and partly in the greater pelvis at the level of the promontorium and close to the inferior border of the sacroiliac joints. It was supplied by two arteries which were nearly in the same caliber, and each of which branched from the common iliac arteries both close to the aortic bifurcation. There were two renal veins. The larger one which was emerging from the lateral part of the ectopic kidney was draining into the inferior vena cava. The smaller one which was the only hilar vessel of the ectopic kidney was draining into the left common iliac vein. The orthotopic left kidney was also supplied by two arteries from the abdominal aorta. Ectopic kidneys pose a problem for any planned surgical intervention given their anomalous blood supply. Ectopic position and varied vasculature can predispose to iatrogenic trauma during interventional radiological and laparoscopic procedures, and emergency operations.

The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of long-term (45 days) magnetic field (50 Hz, 1 mT; MF) on femur biomechanical parameters of rats. Bone mineral density (BMD) and histological investigation were also evaluated. For this purpose, twenty-four 8-week-old, Wistar-Albino female and male rats were assigned randomly to female control (FC) and MF-exposed rats (F-MF); male control (MC) and MF-exposed rats (M-MF). BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Cross-sectional area of the femoral shaft was evaluated by computerized tomography. Biomechanical measurements were performed at the mid-diaphysis of the left femur with tensile test. Maximum load, displacement, stiffness, energy absorption capacity (structural properties); ultimate stress, ultimate strain, elastic modulus and toughness (material properties) were calculated. Diaphysial cortical bone thickness was measured by using histological method from the right femur. In respect to the cortical thickness of the rats' femurs, there was statistically significant interaction between the gender and group (P < 0.05), while the BMD and cortical area were not (P > 0.05). The BMD, cortical thickness and area values of the femurs of MF-exposed rats (F-MF, M-MF) were significantly decreased in comparison to that of the controls (FC, MC) (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the control and the MF-exposed rats in respect to the femur length (P > 0.05). There were no statistically significant interaction between the gender and group with regard to the maximum load, displacement, stiffness, ultimate stress, ultimate strain, elastic modulus and toughness endpoints, while the energy absorption capacity was significant (P < 0.05). Maximum load, displacement and stiffness values of MF-exposed rats were significantly decreased compared to that of the controls (P < 0.05). Femurs of M-MF rats had less absorbed energy than that in controls (P < 0.05). Ultimate stress and elastic modulus parameters were significantly decreased in MF-exposed rats in comparison to that of the controls (P < 0.05). Ultimate strain was higher in MF-exposed rats than that in controls (P > 0.05). The mean of toughness was decreased in MF-exposed rats compared to that of the controls (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the bone quality of rats is decreased by magnetic field exposure. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved., Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management Unit, This work has been supported by the grants from the Mersin University Scientific Projects Unit (BAP.SBE.BIF.(SG)/2003-2 YL).

Paragangliomas are rare benign neuroendocrine tumors derived from the extra-adrenal paraganglia of the autonomic nervous system. Here, we described a new case of a 75-year-old woman with paraganglioma arising in the middle and posterior cranial fossa with extended destruction of the skull base and clivus. She was admitted to our department with the complaint of severe respiratory distress due to vocal cord paralysis. We discussed its clinical, radiological, histopathological features and treatment modalities in the light of the current literature.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of low-exposure Cd on normal and osteoporotic bone. For this purpose, 12-week-old Sprague-Dawley female rats were assigned randomly to a control group, a Cd group, and an ovariectomy (OVX)+Cd group. OVX+Cd rats underwent bilateral ovariectomy via ventral incision. Twelve weeks after ovariectomy, cadmium chloride (CdCl(2)) was given to rats (Cd and OVX+Cd groups) as intraperitoneal (ip) injection of 0.5mg/kg three times a week for 18 weeks and distilled water was given to control group via ip route for 18 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at mid-diaphysis femoral region by dual-energy X-ray absorbsiometry. Cross-sectional area of the femoral shaft was evaluated by computerized tomography. Biomechanical measurements were performed at the mid-diaphysis of the left femur. Collagen fibers were evaluated at light microscopic level. BMD, cortical thickness, cortical area, and femur length were not changed in Cd and OVX+Cd groups in comparision to controls. In the OVX+Cd group, strength, displacement, energy, stress, strain, and toughness were significantly lower than those of the control group. The Cd concentration of bone was significantly increased in the OVX+Cd group compared to that in the control group. Collagen fiber intensity was decreased in all groups except control group. The results of the present study indicate that the administration of low-dose Cd does not affect normal bone biomechanical parameters, but it has a significant effect on osteoporotic bone.

The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of ovariectomy on rat femur biomechanical parameters. Bone mineral density (BMD) and histological investigation were also evaluated. Fourteen female Sprague-Dawley rats (seven ovariectomized, seven control) were used. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorbsiometry. Bone biomechanical parameters were measured in femoral midshaft with tensile test using a biomaterial testing machine and maximum load, stiffness, energy absorption capacity (structural properties), ultimate stress, ultimate strain, and elastic modulus (material properties) were calculated. Diaphyseal cortical bone thickness was measured by using histological method. The ovariectomized (OVX) rat femur's BMD was 14% lower than control rats (p=0.006). Mean maximum load was 55% less than the control group's (p=0.0001). Stiffness was 72% less in OVX rats (p=0.05). Femurs of rats with OVX had 32% less absorbed energy than controls (p=0.09). From the stress-strain curve ultimate stress, ultimate strain and elastic modulus was calculated. Elastic modulus was 53% less than controls (p=0.05). Ultimate stress decreased 21% in OVX rats (p=0.097). Ultimate strain was 25% less than controls in OVX rats. Cortical thickness was significantly decreased in OVX rats than in controls (p

The purpose of our study was to describe the pulmonary parenchymal changes of Behçet's disease using high-resolution computed tomography and to correlate them with pulmonary function tests.Thirty-four patients with Behçet's disease (18 men, 16 women), 3 of whom were symptomatic, were included as the study group. Four of 34 patients were smokers. Twenty asymptomatic volunteers (12 men, 8 women), 4 of whom were smokers, constituted the control group. The pulmonary function tests and high-resolution computed tomography were performed for both groups.Inspiratory high-resolution computed tomography findings were abnormal in nine patients (26.5%) of the study group. In eight patients, there were multiple abnormalities, whereas one patient had only one abnormality. Pleural thickening and irregularities, major fissure thickening, emphysematous changes, bronchiectasis, parenchymal bands, and irregular densities, and parenchymal nodules were the encountered abnormalities. Inspiratory high-resolution computed tomography scans were normal in the control group. On expiratory scans, there was statistically significant difference between study group and control group when air trapping, especially grades 3 and 4, was compared (P0.01). Pulmonary function tests of both the study and the control groups were in normal ranges, and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups according to pulmonary function tests (P0.05).High-resolution computed tomography is sensitive in the demonstration of pulmonary changes in patients with Behçet's disease. End-expiratory high-resolution computed tomography examination is very useful and necessary to show the presence of air trapping, thus the presence of small airway disease, even if the patient is asymptomatic or has normal pulmonary function tests.

The aim of this study was to present a case of disruption of the blood-brain barrier during the coronary and lower extremity angiographies with radiological and clinical findings. This condition was secondary to intraarterial use of a nonionic, monomeric contrast medium. A total of 450 cc contrast media was used. Computed tomography examination showed contrast enhancement of the right occipital and frontoparietal cortical regions, which returned to normal one day after. The patient also fully recovered from the neurological symptoms within 24 h. We discussed the possible mechanism for blood-brain barrier disruption in this case.

Intravascular foreign bodies may be introduced into the circulation as a complication of minimally invasive or interventional techniques, or during cardiac valve surgery. Prosthetic heart valve leaflets have been rarely described as intravascular foreign bodies. Herein we report a case of prosthetic heart valve leaflet embolization to the aortic bifurcation with computed tomography and ultrasonography findings, and the importance of radiographic imaging in the localization of missing leaflet fragment is pointed out.

Aims: To evaluate the diagnostic value of sonohysterography in the evaluation of submucosal fibroids and endometrial polyps. Methods: Thirty-two women whose preliminary transvaginal ultrasound suggested endometrial abnormality underwent sonohysterography. The findings were then compared with histopathological results. Results: The sonohysterographic diagnosis was fibroid in seven patients, endometrial polyp in 23 patients and simple hyperplasia in two patients. Histopathological findings confirmed our diagnosis in all except three patients with endometrial polyps, who had normal secretory endometrium. Sonohysterography was found to have a sensitivity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 90% and diagnostic accuracy of 90.6%. Conclusion: Sonohysterography is a useful, minimally invasive and accurate technique to evaluate the pathologies involving endometrium and uterine cavity.

The open-mouth and closed-mouth nasopharyngeal airway radiographs of 53 children, whose symptomatology score was concordant with nasopharyngeal airway obstruction that may be due to adenoidal enlargement, were taken and, for each radiograph, nasopharyngeal airway/soft palate (NA/SP) ratio was measured and graded using the method of Cohen and Konak. According to the statistical analysis, since closed-mouth views correlated better with the symptomatology score than the open-mouth views, if a radiological measurement is needed to evaluate the nasopharyngeal airway obstruction, closed-mouth views can be chosen.

In this retrospective study, the computed tomography (CT) archives of paranasal sinus examinations were reviewed and three cases of antroliths are presented. The archivesof paranasal sinus CT studies of 1957 patients (1023 females, 934 males, mean age 36.5 years) were surveyed. CT studies were performed using 3 mm collimation and interval in the coronal, axial or both coronal and axial planes.Three out of 1957 patients demonstrated antroliths, all in the left maxillary sinus. Associated sinusitis was detected in all three patients. Only one patient was operated. The chemical analysis of the antrolith revealed it to be a calcium oxalate stone. All the relevant literatureis reviewed and only 25 other cases of true antrolithiasis were encountered. The clinical and radiological features of antroliths,as well as differential diagnosis were discussed.Antrolithiasis should be considered in any case of sinusitis, that does not respond to appropriate medical therapy.

The reliabilities of the delayed images of helical computed tomography (CT) in detecting renal mass lesions of 30 mm or less in diameter was compared. Nephrographic, excretory and nephrographic+excretory phase images of all patients were evaluated separately to detect mass lesions of ≤5 and 5–30 mm. There was not any statistically significant difference in the results of three groups. Nephrographic, excretory and nephrographic+excretory phase images are not different from or superior to each other in lesion detection.

Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (RAS) is an increasingly important cause of end-stage kidney disease, and may cause hypertension, progressive renal failure, and recurrent pulmonary edema. Herein, we report two episodes of anuria and acute pulmonary edema associated with losartan treatment in a hypertensive patient with preexisting severe renal artery stenosis in a solitary kidney. After successful percutaneous renal balloon angioplasty procedure, urine flow was started immediately, despite 10 days of anuria. Blood pressure measurements were still at acceptable levels with a low dose Beta blocker, and serum creatinine levels were normal even after eight months. PTRA should be done in such patients, even with prolonged anuria. Physicians who recommend angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with RAS, especially in patients wih hypovolemia or a solitary kidney, should be careful about this complication.

Heterotopic pregnancy in a spontaneous cycle is a rare entity with an estimated frequency below one per 30,000 pregnancies. Its incidence evidently has increased in accordance with the widespread use of in vitro fertilization and ovulation induction. We report a case of heterotopic pregnancy in a 40-year-old woman who presented with acute abdominal pain. We also present findings from transvaginal ultrasound imaging.

Respiratory amyloidosis is a rare disease that occurs in three forms: tracheobronchial, nodular parenchymal and diffuse parenchymal involment. Tracheobronchial amyloidosis is characterized by focal or diffuse deposition of amyloid in the submucosa of the trachea and proximal bronchi. Herein, we report a case of diffuse tracheobronchial amyloidosis with plain radiography and thorax computed tomography findings.

Secondary middle turbinate (SMT), a rare variation of the nasal cavity, is a bony projection covered by soft tissue that arises from the lateral nasal wall. It is almost always bilateral and usually projects superomedially without any ostiomeatal unit obstruction. Herein, we report a case of bilateral inferomedially projecting secondary middle turbinates, one of which is pneumatised and hypertrophied, resembling a large ethmoid bulla extending into the middle meatus. The recognition of this variation is important since it may predispose to inflammatory sinus disease, by narrowing the ostiomeatal unit.

Pneumocephalus can be secondary to a postintrathecal procedure, sinus fracture, basilar skull fracture, congenital skull defect, neoplasm, gas producing organism, barotrauma, neurosurgery, paranasal sinus surgery, mask or nasal continuous positive-airway pressure. Unusual facial traumas can also be rare causes of pneumocephalus. Here, we present such a case in whom an air compressor tip injury to both eyes led to the disseminated pneumocephalus. We report this rare case with the computed tomography findings and try to explain the possible mechanism of the pnemocephalus.

Although cysticercosis is the most common parasitic disease affecting the central nervous system, spinal cysticercosis is rare. A rare form of spinal cysticercosis involving the whole spinal canal is presented. A 45-year-old Korean male had a history of intracranial cysticercosis and showed progressive paraparesis. Spinal magnetic resonance scan showed multiple cysts compressing the spinal cord from C1 to L1. Three different levels (C1-2, T1-3, and T11-L1) required operation. Histopathological examination confirmed cysticercosis. The patient improved markedly after surgery.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a popular method for managing symptomatic gallstone disease. Decreased morbidity and mortality rates make this procedure an attractive alternative to conventional cholecystectomy. However, unusual complications still occur. We report a case of pancreatic injury that occurred during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The case was complicated with posttraumatic pancreatic inflammation and bowel necrosis.