1. Rates and predictors of hypoglycaemia in 27 585 people from 24 countries with insulin-treated type 1 and type 2 diabetes: the global HAT study
- Author
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Khunti, K., Alsifri, S., Aronson, R., Cigrovski Berković, M., Enters-Weijnen, C., Forsén, T., Galstyan, G., Geelhoed-Duijvestijn, P., Goldfracht, M., Gydesen, H., Kapur, R., Lalic, N., Ludvik, B., Moberg, E., Pedersen-Bjergaard, U., Ramachandran, A., on behalf of the HAT Investigator Group, Clinicum, and Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care
- Subjects
Male ,Pediatrics ,endocrine system diseases ,IMPACT ,DOSING IRREGULARITIES ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Adriatic ,Insulin glargine ,Premixed insulin ,Type 2 diabetes mellitus ,Type 2 diabetes ,Severity of Illness Index ,Russia ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Risk Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Prevalence ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Europe, Eastern ,Prospective Studies ,POPULATION ,Asia, Southeastern ,education.field_of_study ,diabetes ,ASSOCIATION ,Middle Aged ,global ,3. Good health ,Europe ,Cohort ,Female ,Original Article ,medicine.drug ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Canada ,insulin ,Population ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,FREQUENCY ,PATIENT ,03 medical and health sciences ,Middle East ,Diabetes mellitus ,BASE-LINE CHARACTERISTICS ,MANAGEMENT ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,COHORT ,observational ,education ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,Type 1 diabetes ,business.industry ,AUTONOMIC FAILURE ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Original Articles ,HAT study ,medicine.disease ,Hypoglycemia ,Surgery ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Latin America ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine ,Observational study ,business ,hypoglycaemia - Abstract
Aims: To determine the global extent of hypoglycaemia experienced by patients with diabetes using insulin, as there is a lack of data on the prevalence of hypoglycaemia in developed and developing countries. Methods: This non-interventional, multicentre, 6-month retrospective and 4-week prospective study using self-assessment questionnaire and patient diaries included 27 585 patients, aged >= 18 years, with type 1 diabetes (T1D; n = 8022) or type 2 diabetes (T2D; n = 19 563) treated with insulin for > 12 months, at 2004 sites in 24 countries worldwide. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients experiencing at least one hypoglycaemic event during the observational period. Results: During the prospective period, 83.0% of patients with T1D and 46.5% of patients with T2D reported hypoglycaemia. Rates of any, nocturnal and severe hypoglycaemia were 73.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 72.6-74.0], 11.3 (95% CI 11.0-11.6) and 4.9 (95% CI 4.7-5.1) events/patient-year for T1D and 19.3 (95% CI 19.1-19.6), 3.7 (95% CI 3.6-3.8) and 2.5 events/patient-year (95% CI 2.4-2.5) for T2D, respectively. The highest rates of any hypoglycaemia were observed in Latin America for T1D and Russia for T2D. Glycated haemoglobin level was not a significant predictor of hypoglycaemia. Conclusions: We report hypoglycaemia rates in a global population, including those in countries without previous data. Overall hypoglycaemia rates were high, with large variations between geographical regions. Further investigation into these differences may help to optimize therapy and reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia.
- Published
- 2016