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Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus occurs in approximately 15–17% of pregnant women worldwide and causes high mortality and morbidity for mothers and infants. Pregnant women who are newly diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus experience higher levels of stress and anxiety than pregnant women without this condition. Thus, it is important to identify effective interventions to help pregnant women cope with the additional stress and anxiety associated with pregnancy-related complications. Aim: This integrative review aimed to synthesise evidence on the effects of educational interventions for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus regarding knowledge, self-efficacy, self-care behaviour, anxiety, depression, and birth outcomes. Methods: An integrative review of articles published between 2009 and 2024, written in English and Arabic. The review followed the Whittemore and Knafl's 5-stage process framework. Results: From the 922 abstracts identified using search terms, 16 articles were eligible for this review. Psychoeducational interventions were provided for (1) informational support: information about gestational diabetes mellitus, diabetes mellitus, blood glucose monitoring, exercise management, diet management, and stress; (2) motivational support: setting individual goals, enhancing health behaviours, and motivational messages; (3) emotional support: expression of feelings, enforcement of self-management, and sharing of experiences; and (4) relaxation techniques: breathing exercises, meditation, and mindfulness. In this review, only two studies entirely focused on reducing stress and anxiety through cognitive-behavioural stress management training and mindfulness training. The effects of the interventions on self-efficacy, knowledge, depression, anxiety, and birthing outcomes were inconsistent due to variations in intervention designs and duration. However, consistent positive outcomes were found in self-care behaviours. Conclusion: This integrative review found informational and motivational support were frequently used by pregnant women. In contrast, emotional support and relaxation techniques were rarely used. Psychoeducational interventions may enhance self-care behaviours, improve self-efficacy, and reduce stress and depression for women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Nurses and midwives play an essential role in providing holistic care through comprehensive psychoeducational interventions for pregnant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research in the synthesis of Schiff base ligands and their metal complexes using olive leaf extracts as a green reducing agent is an exciting area of study. In this research, a Schiff base ligand is created by combining 1-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde and amino-N-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-4-benzenesulfonamide. The synthetic Schiff base is then utilized for the production of a Cd(II) nano complex for the first time with olive leaf extracts serving as the green reducing agent. The extract is obtained by harvesting, drying, and grinding the olive leaves. Various analytical techniques, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and conductivity studies, are employed to analyze the Schiff base and its Cd(II) complex. Quantum chemical calculations are also conducted to explore the different conformers of the Cd(II) complex and their stabilities, shedding light on the synthesis pathways of the Schiff base ligand and Cd(II) complex. Extensive DFT-based geometry optimizations and frequency calculations are carried out for 1-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde,amino-N-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-4-benzenesulfonamide, the Schiff base ligand, and the corresponding Cd(II) complex. Experimental and theoretical analyses confirm the presence of the azomethine (-HC = N-) group in the Schiff base and validate the formation of the Cd(II) complex in a 2:1 metal-to-ligand ratio through physicochemical characterization methods, highlighting the nanoscale structure of the complex. Combining thorough physicochemical investigations with molecular modeling simulations and the sustainable synthesis of metal complexes, valuable insights into their properties and potential applications in catalysis and drug delivery are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An RP-HPLC method with a UV detector was developed for the simultaneous quantification of diclofenac diethylamine, methyl salicylate, and capsaicin in a pharmaceutical formulation and rabbit skin samples. The separation was achieved using a Thermo Scientific ACCLAIMTM 120 C18 column (Waltham, MA, USA, 4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 µm). The optimized elution phase consisted of deionized water adjusted to pH = 3 using phosphoric acid mixed with acetonitrile in a 35:65% (v/v) ratio with isocratic elution. The flow rate was set at 0.7 mL/min, and the detection was performed at 205 nm and 25 °C. The method exhibits good linearity for capsaicin (0.05–70.0 µg/mL), methyl salicylate (0.05–100.0 µg/mL), and diclofenac diethylamine (0.05–100.0 µg/mL), with low LOD values (0.0249, 0.0271, and 0.0038 for capsaicin, methyl salicylate, and diclofenac diethylamine, respectively). The RSD% values were below 3.0%, indicating good precision. The overall greenness score of the method was 0.61, reflecting its environmentally friendly nature. The developed RP-HPLC method was successfully applied to analyze Omni Hot Gel® pharmaceutical formulation and rabbit skin permeation samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research focused on the Schiff base ligand (S,E)-2-((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) amino)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid which synthesis by reacting L-histidine and 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde. Its complexes with Ce(III) and Fe(III) both in bulk and nano size were also synthesized. The ligand and its metal complexes were characterized by various physicochemical methods such as FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, electronic spectra, XRD, TGA, and SEM. The synthesized ligand and its metal complexes were screened against different fungi. It was found from the results that the cerium nano complex shows a potent antifungal activity for indoor uses as wallpapers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

α-Fe2O3 coated hydroxy magnesium silicate (HMS) was prepared by the coprecipitation method and was used for the sorption of Cr(VI) from the aquatic environment. FT-IR, XRD, and SEM characterised the investigated composite. The influence of pH, shaking time, Cr(VI) concentration,and the temperature was investigated. The results obtained are fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Besides, Freundlich isotherm is adequate than the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption was observed to be exothermic, spontaneous, and accompanied by increasing the system's randomness. The adsorption of chromium attained equilibrium after 60.0 min. The maximum adsorption capacities of α-Fe2O3/HMS composite for Cr(VI) were 10.75 mg/g obtained at a pH of 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, groundwater quality assessment for energy, potable, and irrigation purposes was done in the Jouf region in Saudi Arabia. The samples of groundwater were gathered from twenty wells distributed from the fourth direction. The physical features like total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, conductivity, and turbidity values in the study area have been examined and it found that 90% of the gathered water specimens exhibited TDS magnitude in the range of 393–1,000 mg/L and pH values were in the range 6.39–7.54, indicating safe water for drinking and the rest can be used in energy purpose. The abundance of main cations is calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) hardness, sodium (Na+), and potassium (K+), and anions are chloride (Cl–) followed by SO42–. The cation ions contents in all samples were within the permissible limit except sample S-HD. The results revealed that the increase in SO42– is convoyed by increases in the proportion of sodium and magnesium because the existing sulfates are in the form of sodium, magnesium, and calcium salts. All results confirmed that the samples from the south region presented the best water quality except S-HD. Moreover, boron (B) hasn’t been detected in all water samples indicating that no other hazardous substances are possibly present in groundwater in the Jouf region. A pre-treated prior to use is necessary for consumption or agricultural irrigation of groundwater based on the purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chromogenic sulphur containing reagent, tetra-thiosemicarbazone derivative (TTSC), has been sono-synthesised with high yield and characterised to develop a new reagent for the determination of cadmium ion (Cd(II)) in drinking water. The prepared reagent was successfully applied to determine the selective spectrophotometric of Cd(II) in drinking water. In this protocol, Cd(II) reacts selectively with TTSC in a buffer solution of pH 9 to generate an instantly green-coloured complex (Cd+2-TTSC) which has a maximum absorbance at wavelength 422 nm. For more than 24 hours, the Cd+2-TTSC complex remains stable and found to be composed of 2:1 [Cd+2: TTSC]. Variable parameters those affecting the Cd+2-TTSC efficiency were assessed and optimised. Under the optimum conditions, the Cd(II) complex adheres to Beer's law up to 12 μg/L Cd(II). The analytical validation parameters of the methods in terms of limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, linearity (r2) and relative standard deviation (RSD%) were assessed and obtained 0.16 μg/L and 0.48 μg/L for LOD and LOQ, respectively, with the linearity of r2 > 0.9995 and RSD% was found to be <2%. The developed method was successfully applied in the simultaneous assessment of Cd(II) in pure forms and spiked samples of water. The reliability and accuracy of the current protocol recommended to be applied for the determination of Cd(II) in all desalination plant and bottled water samples without utilisation of long procedures and sophisticated instrumentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO2 is electrocatalytically reduced in aqueous solutions (NaHCO3 and Na2SO4 ) at polycrystalline gold (Au) both bare and modified with copper nanoparticles (nano-Cu) (nano-Cu/Au). Copper nanoparticles were deposited by the cycling of potential in the range (–0.2–0.7 V) for various potential cycles. The effect of the electrolyte, as well as the nano-Cu loading on the electroreduction of CO2, has been investigated. Nano-Cu/Au electrode has been voltammetrically and morphologically characterized. It has been found that the type of electrolyte, that is, NaHCO3 and Na2SO4, is critical in the electrochemical reduction of CO2 ; for instance, the CO2 reduction is obscured by hydrogen evolution in NaHCO3 solutions (pH 9.2) at both electrodes, that is, bare Au and nano-Cu/Au electrodes, the well-defined redox peak is obtained at both electrodes in Na2SO4 solution (pH 7), even though the pH of Na2SO4 is smaller. The extent of catalysis is based on the copper loading at the nano-Cu/Au electrode as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]