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One of the adverse effects of industrialization is noise pollution, which disturbs the mental health and tranquility of urban residents and is the source of numerous social tensions. Twenty stations in the central areas of Almaty with varying uses during the morning, afternoon, and evening rush hours were measured for this study. The objectives of this paper include determining sound indices, identifying potential sound sources, and calculating the relative contribution of each to the overall urban noise level. Additionally, 400 questionnaires were distributed to individuals to assess noise pollution’s effects on individuals. The average maximum value of TNI (Traffic Noise Index) in residential and commercial use is 85.4 dB(A), and the maximum value of Leq (Equivalent continuous sound level) in commercial use is 86 dB(A). In addition, 50 city bus drivers were examined to determine the impact of noise in this environment. The results revealed that as Leq increases, the number of unsafe acts increases. The questionnaires revealed that people are significantly more dissatisfied with noise pollution at stations with higher sound levels.

Introduction: There is a multitude of evidence supporting the use of manual and manipulative therapy techniques for patients with cervicogenic headache (CGH). However, evidence in finding and comparing the efficacy of instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization with manual therapy in unilateral cervicogenic headache is lacking. Therefore, the objective of the study is to find and compare the long term effects of instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization along with spinal manipulation therapy in patients with cervicogenic headache., Methods: It is a randomized, single-blinded controlled study conducted at University hospital. Overall, 64 participants with CGH were divided into spinal manipulation therapy group (SMT; n = 32) and spinal manipulation therapy with instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization (ISM) group (SMT + ISM; n = 32) and they received the respective treatment for 4 weeks. In addition, both groups received 10 min of heat therapy and neck isometric exercises three times a day. The primary (CGH frequency) and secondary (CGH pain intensity, CGH disability neck pain frequency, pain intensity, pain threshold, neck disability index and quality of life) scores were measured at baseline, after 4 weeks, and at 6 months., Results: The reports of the SMT and SMT + ISM group were compared. Following 4 weeks of training, and at 6 months follow up the SMT + ISM group showed more significant changes in the primary outcome (CGH frequency) with a -4.3 [(95% confidence interval (CI) -4.80 to -3.79] and -1.7 (95% CI -1.92 to -1.47), when compared with the SMT group alone (p = 0.001). The secondary outcomes (CGH pain intensity, CGH disability, neck pain frequency, neck pain intensity, neck disability index, and quality of life) also shows more significant changes in the SMT + ISM group than the SMT group (p = 0.001). The same gradual improvement can be seen in the above variables at 6 months follow up. At the same time, neck pain threshold level does not show any improvement at 4 weeks (p ≥ 0.05) but shows a statistical difference at 6 months follow up. No such adverse effects or consequences were noted during or after the intervention., Conclusions: The study concluded that spinal manipulation therapy with instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization provided better long-term outcomes in patients with cervicogenic headache. This study provided a piece of sound physical therapy evidence for a widespread and costly clinical condition, such as cervicogenic headache., Clinical Trial Registration: The trial was registered prospectively in the Indian clinical trial registry with CTRI/2020/06/026243 on 30/06/2020., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) is a rare congenital brain anomaly characterized by the partial or complete absence of the corpus callosum, a crucial structure responsible for interhemispheric communication. Neurological outcomes associated with AgCC vary widely, with presentation ranging from severe intellectual disabilities to normal cognitive function. The condition is often discovered incidentally due to the variability in its clinical presentation. This report discusses the case of a four-year-old Saudi boy with incidental AgCC identified following a minor head trauma. The patient was born full-term through spontaneous vaginal delivery without perinatal complications. He presented with a history of mild head trauma leading to recurrent, non-progressive headaches localized in the occipital region. Despite the head trauma, there were no signs of increased intracranial pressure or other neurological deficits. A neurological examination revealed a head circumference above the 95 th percentile, but all other parameters, including cranial nerve function, motor strength, and reflexes, were within normal limits. Neuroimaging through computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging unexpectedly revealed complete agenesis of the corpus callosum. Despite this structural anomaly, the patient's cognitive function, assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination and an IQ test, was within normal limits. The patient was managed conservatively for his head trauma and discharged with a recommendation for annual neurocognitive follow-up. This case highlights the variable presentation of AgCC, where, despite the complete absence of the corpus callosum, the patient demonstrated no significant neurocognitive deficits. The findings align with existing literature suggesting that isolated AgCC can present with a broad spectrum of cognitive outcomes, from profound intellectual disability to near-normal function. The case underscores the importance of ongoing neuropsychological monitoring in individuals with AgCC, particularly as cognitive demands increase with age. Additionally, this case emphasizes the need for increased awareness and education among clinicians regarding the potential for late-emerging neurocognitive challenges in patients with AgCC., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Almohammal et al.)

Introduction Obesity affects over 650 million globally, with rising rates posing significant public health challenges, especially among Saudi Arabian women. Obesity correlates with menstrual irregularities and reproductive health issues such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Bariatric surgery (BS), particularly laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), is increasingly used due to its safety and effectiveness in treating obesity-related conditions. This study explores LSG's impact on menstrual cycles and fertility in Saudi women, aiming to optimize patient care and understand surgical effects on hormonal dynamics and reproductive health. Methodology It is a cross-sectional design among Saudi women post-sleeve gastrectomy from December 2023 to May 2024. Variables included age, marital status, and region, with primary outcomes focusing on menstrual cycle changes post surgery. Results Our study includes 387 participants, and demographic characteristics showed a significant proportion aged 26-35 years (n=147, 38.0%) and 36-45 years (n=119, 30.7%), with the majority being married (n=230, 59.4%). Regional distribution highlighted the south as the most represented (n=139, 35.9%), followed by the central (n=74, 19.1%). About 30.2% (n=117) reported chronic conditions. Post surgery, 70.5% (n=273) experienced menstrual changes, with regular cycles being the most common (n=102, 26.3%). Logistic regression indicated younger age as a protective factor against menstrual changes (p=0.028), while pre-surgery menstrual irregularities significantly predicted post-surgery changes (p=0.002). Regional analysis showed no significant association between geographic location and post-surgery menstrual changes (p=0.140). Overall, quality of life post-surgery was rated highly by participants, with 70.8% (n=274) giving ratings of 4 or 5. Conclusion Our study highlights a high prevalence of post-sleeve gastrectomy menstrual changes, predominantly regular cycles. Younger age appears protective, while pre-existing menstrual irregularities strongly predict postoperative changes. Regional differences did not significantly influence outcomes. Overall, participants reported high satisfaction with their quality of life post surgery., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. The Research Ethics Committee at King Khalid University (HAPO-06-B-001) issued approval Ecm#2023 -2043. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Alsareii et al.)

Minichromosome maintenance complex component 7 (MCM7) is involved in replicative licensing and the synthesis of DNA, and its overexpression is a fascinating biomarker for various cancer types. There is currently no effective agent that can prevent the development of cancer caused by the MCM7 protein. However, on the molecular level, inhibiting MCM7 lowers cancer-related cellular growth. With this purpose, this study screened 452 biogenic compounds extracted from the UEFS Natural Products dataset against MCM protein by using the in silico art of technique. The hit compounds UEFS99, UEFS137, and UEFS428 showed good binding with the MCM7 protein with binding energy values of -9.95, -8.92, and -8.71 kcal/mol, which was comparatively higher than that of the control compound ciprofloxacin (-6.50). The hit (UEFS99) with the minimum binding energy was picked for molecular dynamics (MD) simulation investigation, and it demonstrated stability at 30 ns. Computational prediction of physicochemical property evaluation revealed that these hits are non-toxic and have good drug-likeness features. It is suggested that hit compounds UEFS99, UEFS137, and UEFS428 pave the way for further bench work validation in novel inhibitor development against MCM7 to fight the cancers.

Abstract: We aimed to establish the local prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among faculty members in Saudi Arabia and describe the patient's risk factors and preventive measures that may reduce its burden.An observational, quantitative, cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and its risk factors among male faculty members in the College of Medicine and Dentistry, using a designed questionnaire based on the Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Chi-square testing at a significance level of P < .05, was used for comparative analysis. SPSS version 26 was used for all analyses.Ninety responders participated in the survey analysis. The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among faculty members was 77.8%, and the most common site of musculoskeletal pain occurred at two different sites of the three (low back, neck, and shoulder), with a prevalence of 38.9%. As for risk factors of musculoskeletal pain, only age group showed a significant correlation with the site of musculoskeletal pain (P = .024), where patients in the younger age group (25-35 years old) were at higher risk of lower back pain, while participants in the older age group (36 to 44 years old and 45 years or older) were at higher risk of musculoskeletal pain in two different sites.Musculoskeletal pain affects more than two-thirds of faculty members. In particular, low back pain is a common problem among faculty members. Age is a significant risk factor for the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain, with more than one site involvement in older age., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)