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Byline: Ahmad. Bamagoos, Shahad. Alshaynawi, Atheer. Gari, Atheer. Badawi, Mudhawi. Alhiniah, Asma. Alshahrani, Renad. Rajab, Reem. Bahaj, Faris. Alhejaili, Siraj. Wali CONTEXT: Positive airway pressure (PAP) is the first-line therapy [...]

To study the clinical profile and measure the pain and migraine-related disability of patients with all types of migraine using the McGill pain assessment scale and Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) before and after 3 months of effect on the medication. Methods: A Prospective-Cross sectional study was carried out in a multispecialty hospital with male and female patients between 18 and 65 years. The data were collected from the patients directly through the questionnaire of McGill pain assessment scale-short form (SF) and MIDAS, which was provided before and after the medication.  Results: There were 165 subjects of which 52 were men and 113 were women. The mean age of all the subjects was 43 years. About 26.06% of the subjects had a family history of headaches. The scores of McGill pain and MIDAS assessment before and after medication were as follows: 0– 15 were 30.90% and 73.33%, Score 16– 30 were 54.54% and 18.18%, the score of 31– 45 were 14.54% and 7.87% of the subjects. MIDAS grade I was 17.57% and 50.90%, Grade II 33.93% and 21.81%, Grade III 30.30% and 15.75% Grade IV 18.18% and 11.51% of the subjects. Discussion: The calculated "t" value between the before and after medication values of McGill and MIDAS by paired 't-test was 13.85 and 17.49 respectively. As the calculated "t" value is more than the table value, the alternate hypothesis is accepted. Conclusion: This study confirms that there is a significant difference in disability levels before and after acute and preventative treatments when measured over 3 months. In addition, the preponderance of females was high, and the functional disability that affects work and social activity associated with migraine is moderate to severe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most common conditions resulting in disability, particularly in the elderly population. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common articular disease and the leading cause of chronic disability in the developed world. Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate knee pain in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. An analytical cross-sectional survey design was adopted in the Asir region from April 2023 to August 2023 to assess the knee pain of the adult population using an anonymous online questionnaire. Results: Of 1234, 332 were men (26.90) and 902 were women (73.09). WOMAC index score category 55.34% (n = 683) of the subjects had a low risk (score <60), 28.68% (n = 354) had a moderate risk (score 60–80), and 15.96% (n = 197) had a high risk (score ≥81) for KOA. According to clinical criteria, 79.33% (n = 979) of the study subjects had OA. Age group, gender 2.17 (1. 67–2.82) [OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.67–2.82), family history of OA [OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.37–0.62], diabetes [OR 2.78; 95% CI 2.17–3.56], hypertension [OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.26–0.45] were significantly associated with the percentage of the WOMAC index score using the Chi-square test analysis (P<0.05). Therefore, the WOMAC index showed higher diagnostic precision with a statistically significant association [OR 9.31 CI 6.90–12.81] with a P< 0.0001. Conclusion: KOA is more common in older, obese people who have reached the age of 50 in the Asir region, and it is more prevalent in women. Alarms the need for appropriate awareness programs for better disease prevention and health outcomes for the benefit of the community through general public health programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multi-chamber bag with electrolytes (MCB-E) parenteral nutrition (PN) formulations are gaining acceptance for nutritional support for safety and economic advantages. However, their use is hampered by serum electrolyte abnormalities. No data exist regarding MCB-E PN interruption due to high serum electrolyte levels. We assessed the rate of MCB-E PN discontinuation in surgical patients secondary to persistently high serum electrolyte levels. Methods: This prospective, cohort study included surgical patients (aged ≥18 years) who received MCB-E PN at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre-Riyadh, from February 28, 2020, until August 30, 2021. Patients were followed for 30-day for the discontinuation of MCB-E PN secondary to persistent hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia, or hypernatremia for two consecutive days. The association of discontinuing MCB-E PN with various factors was assessed using univariable and multivariable Poisson regression analysis. Results: Seventy-two patients were enrolled in the study, 55 (76.4%) completed MCB-E PN, whereas 17 (23.6%) patients discontinued MCB-E PN due to a persistent hyperphosphatemia (n = 13, 18%) and persistent hyperkalemia (n = 4, 5.5%). Hyperphosphatemia and hyperkalemia were observed at a median of 9 (IQR 6-15) days and 9.5 (IQR 7-12) days of MCB-E PN support, respectively. According to adjusted multivariable analysis, developing an episode of hyperphosphatemia or hyperkalemia was associated with MCB-E PN discontinuation (RR 6.62, 1.95-22.49; P =.002) and (RR 4.73, 1.30-17.24; P =.018), respectively. Conclusion: In surgical patients receiving short-term MCB-E PN, developing hyperphosphatemia was the most frequent high electrolyte abnormality assocaited with MCB-E PN discontinuation, followed by hyperkalemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Telemedicine was the first line of defense during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, Saudi Arabia believes it is essential to emphasize telemedicine services to combat the virus as part of its early precautionary actions., Objectives: To measure the prevalence of telemedicine usage and determine the facilitators and barriers affecting telemedicine usage., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Saudis from October 2020 to April 2021. Participants received an online questionnaire through multiple social media platforms., Results: The prevalence of telemedicine usage was 45.2%. The most significant facilitator that affected the participants' usage was avoiding the infection of COVID-19, at 87.3%. In-person consultation preference was the biggest barrier preventing Saudis from using telemedicine services (62.5%)., Conclusion: Not enough people are aware of telemedicine services, so it is recommended to multiply advertisements for the services provided to reach many users. To enhance Saudi Arabia's awareness of the risks of COVID-19, further studies are needed to assess telemedicine usage during COVID-19, since the majority of studies were conducted in advance., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Alshahrani et al.)

Pyridine derivatives are the most common and significant heterocyclic compounds, which show their fundamental characteristics to various pharmaceutical agents and natural products. Pyridine derivatives possess several pharmacological properties and a broad degree of structural diversity that is most valuable for exploring novel therapeutic agents. These compounds have an extensive range of biological activities such as antifungal, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, antihypertensive, antineuropathic, antihistaminic, antiviral activities, and antiparasitic. The potent therapeutic properties of pyridine derivatives allow medicinal chemists to synthesize novel and effective chemotherapeutic agents. Consequently, the imperative objective of this comprehensive review is to summarize and investigate the literature regarding recent advancements in pyridine-based heterocycles to treat several kinds of cancer. Furthermore, the performances of pyridine derivatives were compared with some standard drugs, including etoposide, sorafenib, cisplatin, and triclosan, against different cancer cell lines. We hope this study will support the new thoughts to pursue the most active and less toxic rational designs., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)