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Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease that is rapidly increasing in prevalence across the world. In a study done by Bouri, Sell, Franco, Adalja and others in 2012, they analyzed the impact of dengue fever on public health. They found that dengue fever has a significant impact on public health, primarily due to the fact that it is difficult to diagnose, treat, and control. Furthermore, the disease is highly contagious, meaning that it can spread quickly, resulting in outbreaks and epidemics. In addition, the study found that there is a high economic burden associated with dengue fever, as it can lead to increased healthcare costs due to the need for intensive medical care, as well as the loss of productivity from affected individuals. These findings emphasize the importance of public health interventions to control and prevent the spread of dengue fever in order to reduce its impact on public health. Keywords: Dengue virus, Flavivirus, Infection, Clinical diagnosis, Vaccines. Title: Dengue Virus Author: Awadh Saleh Alamri, Fahad alwarrad, Hamad ali almarhabi, Ahmad Omar Alsayeh International Journal of Life Sciences Research ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online) Vol. 11, Issue 1, January 2023 - March 2023 Page No: 65-70 Research Publish Journals Website: www.researchpublish.com Published Date: 14-March-2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7731663 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/dengue-virus, International Journal of Life Sciences Research, ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online), Research Publish Journals, Website: www.researchpublish.com

Photocatalytic H2 generation using semiconductor photocatalysts is considered as a cost-effective and eco-friendly technology for solar to energy conversion; however, the present photocatalysts have been recognized to depict low efficiency. Currently, porous coordination polymers known as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) constituting flexible and modifiable porous structure and having excess active sites are considered to be appropriate for photocatalytic H2 production. This review highlights current progress in structural development of MOF materials along with modification strategies for enhanced photoactivity. Initially, the review discusses the photocatalytic H2 production mechanism with the concepts of thermodynamics and mass transfer with particular focus on MOFs. Elaboration of the structural categories of MOFs into Type I, Type II, Type III and classification of MOFs for H2 generation into transition metal based, post-transition metal based, noble-metal based and hetero-metal based has been systematically discussed. The review also critically deliberate various modification approaches of band engineering, improvement of charge separation, efficient irradiation utilization and overall efficiency of MOFs including metal modification, heterojunction formation, Z-scheme formation, by introducing electron mediator, and dye based composites. Also, the MOF synthesized derivatives for photocatalytic H2 generation are elaborated. Finally, future perspectives of MOFs for H2 generation and approaches for efficiency improvement have been suggested.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an electronic hand-held pulsed vibration device on the pain of local analgesia (LA) injection and physiologic changes. A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial using split-mouth (crossover) design was implemented. The control-side injection was performed after using topical anaesthesia. The experimental side injection was carried out without topical anaesthesia, but with the aid of a switched-on vibration device. Overall, 332 dental LA injections were given to 166 patients for routine exodontia. The pain at penetration and pain during injection were significantly lower in the experimental sides (vibrations sides) compared with those of the controls (P

Background: Oral health affects the general health and quality of life of an individual. It has been well documented that the absence of family support influences the general and oral health of children. Factors that lead to the development of a disease are likely to have their roots in a complex chain of environmental events that may have begun years before the disease occurs. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of dental caries and assess treatment needs of the orphans of Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia Methods: This cross-sectional study included 238 orphaned children aged 6 to 18 years. Clinical examination was conducted by two doctors, and oral findings were recorded according to the World Health Organization (WHO) oral health assessment form (1997). The data collected was analyzed using SPSS 21.0. Results: Results revealed that 37% of the participants reported that they do not brush their teeth, 23%of the participants reported that they do not brush regularly, 17% of the participants reported that they brush one time daily, and 23% of the participants reported that they brush twice daily. The prevalence of dental caries among the participants was 96.6%. When examining treatment needs among study participants, 7.6% might need preventive caries arresting care, 49.6% might need fissure sealant applications, 51.3% might need at least one surface filling, 13.1% might need two or more surface filling, 2.5% might need crown for any reason, 0.4% of participants might need veneer or laminate, 0.2% of participants might need pulp care and restoration, and 8.1% might need extraction. Conclusion: Results of our study indicate that orphan children have low utilization of preventive and therapeutic oral health services. Urgent attention is required to plan a comprehensive dental health-care program to improve their oral health status.

// Jia You 1 , Yuyuan Chen 1 , Zubaeda M. Mohamed Alsayeh 1 , Xingyu Shen 1 , Chun Li 1 , Pengxuan Zhao 1 , Fei Chen 2 , Yingqian Liu 3 , Chuanrui Xu 1 1 School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China 2 Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany 3 School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China Correspondence to: Chuanrui Xu, email: xcr@hust.edu.cn Yingqian Liu, email: yqliu@lzu.edu.cn Keywords: camptothecin, nanocrystal, WCN-21, bottom-up approach, cancer therapy Received: November 25, 2016 Accepted: February 23, 2017 Published: March 13, 2017 ABSTRACT WCN-21 is a new camptothecin derivative we synthesized and has desirable anti-tumor efficacy, but its aqueous solubility is very low and hurdles the further evaluation and development. In this study, we prepared nanocrystals of WCN-21 through a bottom-up approach to enhance its solubility and obtained WCN-21 nanorods (WND) and nanospheres (WNP). We investigated the crystallization of WND and WNP in different temperature and solvents and found that both temperature and solvents affect the crystal shapes and sizes. We prepared WND at 50°C and DMSO : H 2 O 1: 50 and WNP at 25°C and DMSO : H 2 O 1: 100 and found they were dispersed evenly in water with average hydrodynamic diameters 337 and 231 nm, respectively. WND and WNP increased the solubility of WCN-21 from extreme insolubility to more than 9 and 11 mM in H 2 O or PBS, respectively. In vitro studies showed that WND and WNP enhanced the uptake of WCN-21 in tumor cells by 3 and 9 folds, and increased cytotoxicity of WCN-21 in comparison with free WCN-21 by 5 and 6 folds, respectively. In xenograft tumor mice, intravenous injection of WND and WNP enhanced the accumulation of WCN-21 in tumor tissues and improved the anti-tumor efficacy. In addition, WND and WNP did not increase the toxicity of WCN-21 in mice. Therefore, nanocrystal is a robust tool to improve the solubility of insoluble drugs and holds a great potential in the application of drug development.

Mobile communications has become an everyday commodity. In the last decades, it has evolved from being an expensive technology for a few selected individuals to today’s ubiquitous systems used by a majority of the world’s population. Imprecise propagation models lead to networks with high co-channel interference, as well as power waste. This study aims to adapt a propagation model in the city of Nablus (Palestine) for a GSM frequency band. This study helps to design better GSM networks for the city in spite of the geographical and frequency limitations. The modification is accomplished by investigating the variation in path loss between the measured and predicted values, according to the propagation model for a specific cell. The results from a simulation model and measured data was compared and analyzed. Bertoni-Walfisch model, without tuning, gave the best results with a mean error of 1.426 dB, which is much less than the mean error obtained by the Standard Macrocell model, 10.91 dB, which is used by a local mobile operator. The two models have been tuned to fit measured data for GSM-900 in the city of Nablus. This is a vital step in cell planning and rollout of wireless networks. To confirm the superiority of Bertoni-Walfisch, a comparison between Bertoni-Walfisch and Standard Macrocell model in terms of Standard Deviation and Mean Error (RMSE).

This paper intends to study outdoor RF attenuation path loss behavior under certain restrictions. The study has been conducted in Nablus city to develop and optimize a suitable propagation model based on one of the existing propagation models based on outdoor measurements for 900 MHz, where a local GSM system is operating under sever geographical terrains and frequency limitations. The optimized model has been chosen such that certain error parameters are minimized. Some of the proposed models are; Bertoni-Walfish, Hat, Walfisch-Ikegami and the standard macrocell. In this paper a Tuned Bertoni-Walfisch model has outperformed the other models and has proven, to be the best suited for propagation analysis involving such terrain. This is achieved by varying the range dependence using Least Mean Square Error (LMSE) method