Search

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has become an obvious threat, and is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality. Therefore, evaluation of the following antibiotic regimens: Colistin only antibiotic regimen (COAR), Colistin combination antibiotic regimen (CCAR), and Non-Colistin antibiotic regimen (NCAR) on mortality and readmission is essential to determine the best intervention. Objective: To evaluate the impact of different antibiotic regimens used in the management of Carbapenem resistant bacteria (CRB) on mortality and readmission. Design: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Setting: King Hamad University Hospital, Bahrain. Result: One hundred nine patients with CRE 37 (33.9%), CRB 36 (33%) and CRPsA 26 (23.9%), and 10 (9.2%) Escherichia coli MDR OXA-48, Calcoaceticus MDR, and Enterobacter cloacae MDR OXA-48 from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2018 were evaluated. The mean age was 66 (±16) years. Forty-five (41.2%) patients received COAR, 44 (40.3%) received NCAR, and 20 (18.34%) received CCAR. The mortality was higher in COAR 30 (27.5%) compared to 10 (9%) in CCAR and 20 (18.3%) in NCAR (P=0.117). On the other hand, readmission was found to be higher in NCAR 6 (50%) compared to 5 (41.7%) in COAR and one (0.9%) in CCAR (P=0.45). Conclusion: None of the three different antibiotic regimens (COAR, CCAR, and NCAR) was found to be significantly associated with reduced mortality or readmission; however, COAR had the worst negative impact on mortality or readmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Influenza is an acute contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza A and B viruses worldwide. Influenza is estimated to cause approximately three to five million severe illnesses and 250,000 - 350,000 deaths annually. It is considered an economic burden costing approximately $87.1 billion annually. The use of Oseltamivir can act as a chemoprophylactic and therapeutic agent to reduce the duration and severity of the infection. Objective: To review and analyze influenza cases treated with Oseltamivir during the influenza season of 2017-2018. Design: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Setting: King Hamad University Hospital, Bahrain. Method: Two hundred and twenty-one prescriptions of antiviral Oseltamivir were reviewed from 1 October 2017 to 31 March 2018. Ten patients were excluded due to incomplete medical records. Result: Two hundred eleven Oseltamivir were prescribed, 121 (57.35%) prescribed for hospitalized patients, 9 (4.27%) for out-patients and 81 (38.39%) in emergency department. Fourteen (11.57%) patients required ICU/NICU admission. The mean age was 36.37 years±26.05 SD. Ninety-two (43.60%) patients were =41 years old. Peak prescribing rate was between December and January. Lab test was performed for the majority of the patients, 192 (91%). Ninety-three (44.08%) of the patients had their treatment initiated in =48 hours and 117 (55.45%) initiated in =48 hours. Earlier treatment was not significant in reducing the length of stay (P=0.3082). Four (1.9%) patients died due to influenza infection. Conclusion: All patients received doses adjusted based on their renal function and body weight. Patient and family education need to be emphasized because approximately 40% of the cases acquired the infection due to contact with an influenza-positive patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]