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Evaluation of CA inhibition activity and the identification of the components of the essential oil of Frankenia pulverulenta (FPEO) and Boerhavia elegans (BEEO) were undertaken for the first time in this study. Twenty-five components were identified using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) in the FPEO, representing 92.7 % of the total oil. The major components were β-caryophyllene (32.5 %), δ-cadinene (8.4 %), alloaromadendrene (7.1 %), copaene (6.9 %), and ledol (5.3 %). Similarly, the BEEO contained 13 components representing 92.9 % of the total oil with β-caryophyllene (17.1 %) and β-amyrin (13.7 %) as the major components. The results determined that the FPEO was a rich source of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (69.8 %), while BEEO contains a higher concentration of aliphatic hydrocarbons (46.4 %). The EOS of both plants were further screened for carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II), and antimicrobial activities. Essential oil of F. pulverulenta exhibited significant CA-II activity with 101.5±2.35 % inhibition, while B. elegans essential oil presented promising bactericidal and fungicidal activities against Escherichia coli (Gramnegative bacteria) and Penicillium simplicissimumi. These results indicate that the essential oil of B. elegans can inhibit the growth of Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. In addition, FPEO significantly inhibited CA and might have the potential to be used for the treatment of CA-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current investigation, the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) from the stem and leaves of Acridocarpus orientalis A. Juss. were evaluated by gas chromatography (GC) and gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main volatile constituents identified in the essential oil of stem were rich in methyl 8-pimaren-18-oate (43.8 %), octacosane (5.8 %), heptacosane (4.6 %) and hexacosane (4.1 %), methyl dehydroabietate (3.9 %) and methyl pimar-8(14)-en-18-oate (3.6 %), while tetracosane (16.6 %), heptacosane (16.4 %), docosane (13.9 %), hentriacontane (13.5 %), heneicosane (10.9 %) and α-pinene (7.7 %) were abundant in the EO of leaves. Both essential oils, screened against urease, α-glucosidase and carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II) enzyme inhibitory activities, were found active against CA-II and inactive against urease and α-glucosidase enzymes. The leaves of AO were found more active only against CA-II enzyme having IC50 values of 45.6 ± 1.0 μg/mL than stem (156.3 ± 1.5 μg/mL). The results determined that the EO of leaves could be a promising target for anti-cancer treatment. This is the first report, up to the best of the author's knowledge, on the chemical composition and CA-II activity of this essential oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]