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Esophageal lung is a rare communicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformation in which the main bronchus arising from the trachea is absent. The affected lung is usually hypoplastic and aerated via an anomalous airway originating from the esophagus. Other anomalies such as esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula or VACTERL (vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac defects, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal anomalies, and limb abnormalities) association can co-exist. The initial radiographic findings may be normal, but subsequent imaging usually shows progressive and recurrent lung collapse, probably because of recurrent aspiration through the anomalous airway and poor compliance of the affected lung during breathing. In this report, we describe a neonate with esophageal lung and rare associated anomalies, including anorectal malformation, pulmonary artery sling, and inferior vena cava interruption with azygous continuation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of esophageal lung with such associations. Keywords: Airway anomalies, Anorectal malformation, Bronchial atresia, Communicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformation, Esophageal bronchus, Esophageal lung

Congenital cervical teratomas are rare tumours arising from the neck and consist of three major tissue layers of an embryo: the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. A great majority of cervical teratomas are benign tumours. However, the clinical significance of these tumours arises from the complications they can cause during pregnancy due to the postnatal mass effect on the airway and oesophagus of the neonate. Diagnosis of a congenital cervical teratoma is possible during an early prenatal ultrasound evaluation. The appearance depends on the size of the tumour, but it is typically a large neck mass with solid and cystic components that causes hyperextension of the neck and is frequently associated with polyhydramnios. In the postnatal period, ultrasound helps in differentiating cervical teratoma from other common congenital cervical masses. MRI is the modality of choice to evaluate the consistency of the tumour, surrounding soft tissue extent of the tumour, and any mass effect on other cervical structures. In our case report, we present a case of a full-term baby that was delivered with a large cervical mass. MRI was helpful in demonstrating the complex content of the mass, surrounding soft tissue extension, and mass effect on other major cervical structures. The clear demarcation of the mass facilitated complete surgical removal without complications.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) involves various genetic alterations, with liver metastasis posing a significant clinical challenge. Furthermore, CRC cells mostly show an increase in resistance to traditional treatments like chemotherapy. It is essential to investigate more advanced and effective therapies to prevent medication resistance and metastases and extend patient life. As a result, it is anticipated that small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) would be exceptional instruments that can control gene expression by RNA interference (RNAi). In eukaryotes, RNAi is a biological mechanism that destroys specific messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, thereby inhibiting gene expression. In the management of CRC, this method of treatment represents a potential therapeutic agent. However, it is important to acknowledge that siRNA therapies have significant issues, such as low serum stability and nonspecific absorption into biological systems. Delivery mechanisms are thus being created to address these issues. In the current work, we address the potential benefits of siRNA therapy and outline the difficulties in treating CRCby focusing on the primary signaling pathways linked to metastasis as well as genes implicated in the multi-drug resistance (MDR) process., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Despite the ongoing progress in detecting and treating cancer, there is still a need for extensive research into the molecular mechanisms involved in the emergence, progression, and resistance to recurrence of female reproductive tissue-specific cancers such as ovarian, breast, cervical, and endometrial cancers. The nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that exhibits increased expression in female tumors. Moreover, elevated levels of NEAT1 have been associated with poorer survival outcomes in cancer patients. NEAT1 plays a pivotal role in driving tumor initiation through modulating the expression of genes involved in various aspects of tumor cell proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, chemoresistance, and radio-resistance. Mechanistically, NEAT1 acts as a scaffold RNA molecule via interacting with EZH2 (Enhancer of Zeste 2 Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Subunit), thereby influencing the expression of downstream effectors of EZH2. Additionally, NEAT1 functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by microRNAs (miRNAs) sponging, consequently altering the expression levels of their target genes during the development of female cancers. This comprehensive review aims to shed light on the latest insights regarding the expression pattern, biological functions, and underlying mechanisms governing the function and regulation of NEAT1 in tumors. Furthermore, particular emphasis is placed on its clinical significance as a novel diagnostic biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for female cancers., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The intricate interplay between Homeobox genes, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and the development of malignancies represents a rapidly expanding area of research. Specific discernible lncRNAs have been discovered to adeptly regulate HOX gene expression in the context of cancer, providing fresh insights into the molecular mechanisms that govern cancer development and progression. An in-depth comprehension of these intricate associations may pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment. The HOX gene family is garnering increasing attention due to its involvement in immune system regulation, interaction with long non-coding RNAs, and tumor progression. Although initially recognized for its crucial role in embryonic development, this comprehensive exploration of the world of HOX genes contributes to our understanding of their diverse functions, potentially leading to immunology, developmental biology, and cancer research discoveries. Thus, the primary objective of this review is to delve into these aspects of HOX gene biology in greater detail, shedding light on their complex functions and potential therapeutic applications., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Background: It has been suggested that metabolic syndrome (MetS) accelerates the aging process, potentially contributing to the development of age-related complications. Available studies examining the relation of MetS to telomere length (TL), a putative biological marker of aging, have yielded inconclusive findings. This meta-analysis was performed to investigate the association between MetS and TL., Methods: A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus databases to identify relevant literature published up to February 2024. Standard mean difference (SMD) and standardized beta coefficient (β) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used as effect sizes to measure the associations using the random effects model., Results: A total of nine studies, comprising a total sample size of 8,606 participants, were eligible for the meta-analysis. No significant difference in mean TL was found between patients with and without MetS (SMD = -0.03, 95%CI = -0.17 to 0.10), with a significant heterogeneity across the studies ( I 2 = 89.7.0%, p ≤ 0.001). In contrast, it was revealed that MetS is negatively related to TL (β = -0.08, 95%CI = -0.15 to -0.004). In the subgroup analysis, this finding was supported by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition of MetS., Conclusion: This meta-analysis highlighted that MetS may be linked to a shorter TL. Additional studies are required to confirm this finding., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Ibraheem Shelash Al-Hawary, Ali Alzahrani, Ghaleb Maabreh, Abed Jawad, Alsaadi, Kareem Jabber, Alawadi, Alsalamy and Alizadeh.)

At first, an organometallic catalyst namely, Pd-DPyE@MCM-41@MNP was prepared through magnetic (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles-doped into channels of mesoporous silica MCM-41 and then, anchoring a novel complex composed of di(4-pyridyl)ethylene and palladium on the inner surface of the support. This immobilized catalyst was successfully identified via VSM, ICP-OES, TEM, FTIR, TGA, SEM, BET, XRD, EDX and elemental mapping analyses. After that, it was used as a versatile, heterogeneous, and magnetically reproducible catalyst in the generation of N,N'-alkylidene bisamides (1a-13a, 8-20 min, 90-98%, 50 °C, solvent-free) and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (SMC) reaction derivatives (1b-26b, 10-140 min, 86-98%, 60 °C, PEG-400). The VSM plot of Pd-DPyE@MCM-41@MNP displays that this nanocatalyst can be easily recycled by applying an external magnetic field. In both synthetic paths, this nanocatalyst was reused at least seven times without palladium leaching and significantly reducing its catalytic performance. Also, stability and heterogeneous nature of catalyst were approved via ICP-OES technique and hot filtration test., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Nucleic acid vaccines (NAVs) have the potential to be economical, safe, and efficacious. Furthermore, just the chosen antigen in the pathogen is the target of the immune responses brought on by NAVs. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment shows great promise for nucleic acid-based vaccines, such as DNA (as plasmids) and RNA (as messenger RNA [mRNA]). Moreover, cancer vaccines offer a compelling approach that can elicit targeted and long-lasting immune responses against tumor antigens. Bacterial plasmids that encode antigens and immunostimulatory molecules serve as the foundation for DNA vaccines. In the 1990s, plasmid DNA encoding the influenza A nucleoprotein triggered a protective and targeted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, marking the first instance of DNA vaccine-mediated immunity. Similarly, in vitro transcribed mRNA was first successfully used in animals in 1990. At that point, mice were given an injection of the gene encoding the mRNA sequence, and the researchers saw the production of a protein. We begin this review by summarizing our existing knowledge of NAVs. Next, we addressed NAV delivery, emphasizing the need to increase efficacy in TNBC., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

It has been suggested that the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), such as colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE), may contribute to the formation of human cancer. It is yet unknown, though, what therapeutic significance CRNDE expression has for different forms of cancer. CRNDE has recently been proposed as a possible diagnostic biomarker and prognostic pred for excellent specificity and sensitivity in cancer tissues and plasma. To provide the groundwork for potential future therapeutic uses of CRNDE, we briefly overview its biological action and related cancer-related pathways. Next, we mainly address the impact of CRNDE on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The epithelial-mesenchymal transition, or EMT, is an essential biological mechanism involved in the spread of cancer., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Authors declare no conflict of interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

In this study, a CoO-Fe 2 O 3 /SiO 2 /TiO 2 (CIST) nanocomposite was synthesized and utilized as an adsorbent to remove methylene blue (MB), malachite green (MG), and copper (Cu) from aqueous environments. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Input parameters included pH (3-10), contact time (10-30 min), adsorbent amount (0.01-0.03 g), and pollutant concentration (20-60 mg L -1 ). The effects of these parameters on the removal process efficiency were modeled and optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken design (BBD). The RSM-BBD method demonstrated the capability to develop a second-degree polynomial model with high validity (R 2  ˃ 0.99) for the removal process. The optimization results using the RSM-BBD method revealed a removal efficiency of 98.01%, 93.06%, and 88.26% for MB, MG, and Cu, respectively, under optimal conditions. These conditions were a pH of 6, contact time of 10 min, adsorbent amount of 0.025 g, and concentration of 20 mg L -1 . The synthesized adsorbent was recovered through five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles using hydrochloric acid. The results showed an approximately 12% reduction from the first to the seventh cycle. Also, MB, MG, and Cu removal from real water samples in optimal conditions was achieved in the range of 81.69-98.18%. This study demonstrates the potential use of CIST nanocomposite as an accessible and reusable option for removing MB, MG, and Cu pollutants from aquatic environments., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Context: The abilities of Co-Al 18 P 18 , Ni-Al 21 N 21 , Fe-B 24 N 24 , Mn-B 27 P 27 , Ti-C 60 and Cu-Si 72 as catalysts for N 2 -RR to create the NH 3 are investigated by theoretical levels. The ∆E adoption and ∆E formation of Co-Al 18 P 18 , Ni-Al 21 N 21 , Fe-B 24 N 24 , Mn-B 27 P 27 , Ti-C 60 and Cu-Si 72 are investigated. The ∆E adsorption of N 2 -RR intermediates and ΔG reaction of reaction steps of N 2 -RR on Co-Al 18 P 18 , Ni-Al 21 N 21 , Fe-B 24 N 24 , Mn-B 27 P 27 , Ti-C 60 and Cu-Si 72 are examined. In acceptable mechanisms, the *NN → *NNH step is potential limiting step and *NN → *NNH step in enzymatic mechanism is endothermic reaction. The ∆G reaction of *NHNH2 → *NH 2 NH 2 step on Co-Al 18 P 18 , Ni-Al 21 N 21 , Fe-B 24 N 24 , Mn-B 27 P 27 , Ti-C 60 and Cu-Si 72 are -0.904, -0.928, -0.860, -0.882, -0.817 and -0.838 eV, respectively. The Co-Al 18 P 18 and Ni-Al 21 N 21 have the highest ∆G reaction values for reaction steps of N 2 -RR. Finally, it can be concluded that the Co-Al 18 P 18 , Ni-Al 21 N 21 , Fe-B 24 N 24 and Mn-B 27 P 2 have acceptable potential for N 2 -RR by acceptable pathways., Methods: The structures of Co-Al 18 P 18 , Ni-Al 21 N 21 , Fe-B 24 N 24 , Mn-B 27 P 27 , Ti-C 60 and Cu-Si 72 and N 2 -RR intermediates are optimized by PW91PW91/6-311+G (2d, 2p) and M06-2X/cc-pVQZ as theoretical levels in GAMESS software. The convergence for force set displacement of Co-Al 18 P 18 , Ni-Al 21 N 21 , Fe-B 24 N 24 , Mn-B 27 P 27 , Ti-C 60 and Cu-Si 72 and N 2 -RR intermediates are 1.5 × 10 5 Hartree/Bohr and 6.0 × 10 -5 Angstrom. The Opt = Tight and MaxStep = 30 are considered to optimize Co-Al 18 P 18 , Ni-Al 21 N 21 , Fe-B 24 N 24 , Mn-B 27 P 27 , Ti-C 60 and Cu-Si 72 and N 2 -RR intermediates. The frequencies of Co-Al 18 P 18 , Ni-Al 21 N 21 , Fe-B 24 N 24 , Mn-B 27 P 27 , Ti-C 60 and Cu-Si 72 and N 2 -RR intermediates are calculated., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)