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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are classed as diseases of aging, which are associated with an increased prevalence of atherosclerotic lesion formation caused by such diseases and is considered as one of the leading causes of death globally, representing a severe health crisis affecting the heart and blood vessels. Atherosclerosis is described as a chronic condition that can lead to myocardial infarction, ischemic cardiomyopathy, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease and to date, most pharmacological therapies mainly aim to control risk factors in patients with cardiovascular disease. Advances in transformative therapies and imaging diagnostics agents could shape the clinical applications of such approaches, including nanomedicine, biomaterials, immunotherapy, cell therapy, and gene therapy, which are emerging and likely to significantly impact CVD management in the coming decade. This review summarizes the current anti-atherosclerotic therapies' major milestones, strengths, and limitations. It provides an overview of the recent discoveries and emerging technologies in nanomedicine, cell therapy, and gene and immune therapeutics that can revolutionize CVD clinical practice by steering it toward precision medicine. CVD-related clinical trials and promising pre-clinical strategies that would significantly impact patients with CVD are discussed. Here, we review these recent advances, highlighting key clinical opportunities in the rapidly emerging field of CVD medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, Brassica compestris (B. compestris) L is commonly known as sarson, has become a very important crop for plant oil production. The effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) under ultraviolet radiations (UVR) on the germination of male gametophyte of B. compestris was studied at different concentrations. The pollen samples were collected from flowering twig of Brassica compestris. Flavonols, an uncolored flavonoid subclass, have a high anti-oxidative effect and are known to have anti-proliferative, antiangiogenic, and neuropharmacological properties. However, no studies on the effects of pollen grain germination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) under UVR. In this study, we found that the higher concentration of PAHs under UVR inhibit or delayed the growth of pollen grain. In vitro shoots correlated with slightly higher ROS scavenging activities. Although the treatment delayed germination, it did not increase the concentration of cellular reactive oxygen species. Thus, our results indicate that inhibition of B. compestris pollen grains germination under exposure of PAHs with UVR is due to oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]