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Purpose: To compare efficacy of treat and extend (T&E) versus fixed regimen treatment protocols in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing T&E versus fixed regimen protocols for nAMD were systematically searched. Primary outcome was to compare the mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) change in T&E regimen versus fixed regimen. Secondary outcomes were change in the mean optical coherence tomography (OCT) central retinal thickness (CRT) and mean number of injections. Standardized mean difference (SMD) along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Random-effect models were used for meta-analyses. Results: Four RCTs were included, with a total of 649 and 621 eyes in the T&E and fixed regimen cohort at 12 months, and 267 and 249 eyes at 24 months. Pooled analysis of mean BCVA change included all four RCTs at 12 months and two RCTs at 24 months, showing no difference between the two groups (12-month: SMD = 0.08, 95% CI: −0.20 to 0.35, p = 0.55; 24-month: SMD = 0.04, 95% CI: −0.13 to 0.21, p = 0.64). Pooled analysis of OCT CRT change at 12 months included three studies, showing no difference between the two groups (SMD = 0.03, 95% CI: −0.46 to 0.51, p = 0.91). Pooled analysis of mean injection number included all four RCTs at 12 months and two RCTs at 24 months, showing significant difference between the two groups (12-month: SMD = −1.11, 95% CI: −1.67 to −0.56, p Conclusion: A T&E regimen proved as effective as a fixed dosage regimen throughout a 24-month follow-up and with a lower number of injections.

The authors report the clinical course of two cases of autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy (ARB) complicated by choroidal neovascularization (CNV). One patient presenting with a novel BEST1 mutation (c.658 C>T, p.Gln220*) underwent anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. Response to treatment was documented on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Despite initial response to treatment, recurrent CNV exudation with progressive subretinal fibrosis was observed. In the second patient, the CNV was not treated and spontaneous regression was observed. This report indicates that the clinical course of CNV in ARB may vary considerably, ranging from spontaneous regression to progressive subretinal fibrosis despite intervention. [ Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2018;49:888–892.]

Introduction A coronal seal is fundamental for a positive outcome to endodontic therapy. In this in vitro study, we evaluated the adaptation of composite resins in postendodontic restorations using optical coherence tomographic (OCT) imaging. Our null hypothesis was that there would be no difference in marginal adaptation to the pulp chamber floor between resin composites of different viscosities. Methods Thirty intact upper molars extracted for periodontal reasons were selected, endodontically treated, and filled with gutta-percha. The excess gutta-percha was entirely removed from the pulp chamber floor, and teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10) according to the material used for the restoration: group 1: 0.5-mm horizontal layer of flowable composite followed by nanohybrid composite, group 2: bulk layering of bulk fill flowable composite; and group 3: oblique layering of nanohybrid composite. The degree of adaptation to the cavity floor was assessed using OCT imaging, and images were analyzed with the software program ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) to assess the marginal gap between the composite and the pulp chamber floor. Collected data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance testing, and statistical significance was set at P