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2. Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

Author

Posth, Cosimo, Yu, He, Ghalichi, Ayshin, Rougier, Hélène, Crevecoeur, Isabelle, Huang, Yilei, Ringbauer, Harald, Rohrlach, Adam B., Nägele, Kathrin, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Radzeviciute, Rita, Ferraz, Tiago, Stoessel, Alexander, Tukhbatova, Rezeda, Drucker, Dorothée G., Lari, Martina, Modi, Alessandra, Vai, Stefania, Saupe, Tina, Scheib, Christiana L., Catalano, Giulio, Pagani, Luca, Talamo, Sahra, Fewlass, Helen, Klaric, Laurent, Morala, André, Rué, Mathieu, Madelaine, Stéphane, Crépin, Laurent, Caverne, Jean-Baptiste, Bocaege, Emmy, Ricci, Stefano, Boschin, Francesco, Bayle, Priscilla, Maureille, Bruno, Le Brun-Ricalens, Foni, Bordes, Jean-Guillaume, Oxilia, Gregorio, Bortolini, Eugenio, Bignon-Lau, Olivier, Debout, Grégory, Orliac, Michel, Zazzo, Antoine, Sparacello, Vitale, Starnini, Elisabetta, Sineo, Luca, van der Plicht, Johannes, Pecqueur, Laure, Merceron, Gildas, Garcia, Géraldine, Leuvrey, Jean-Michel, Garcia, Coralie Bay, Gómez-Olivencia, Asier, Połtowicz-Bobak, Marta, Bobak, Dariusz, Le Luyer, Mona, Storm, Paul, Hoffmann, Claudia, Kabaciński, Jacek, Filimonova, Tatiana, Shnaider, Svetlana, Berezina, Natalia, González-Rabanal, Borja, González Morales, Manuel R., Marín-Arroyo, Ana B., López, Belén, Alonso-Llamazares, Carmen, Ronchitelli, Annamaria, Polet, Caroline, Jadin, Ivan, Cauwe, Nicolas, Soler, Joaquim, Coromina, Neus, Rufí, Isaac, Cottiaux, Richard, Clark, Geoffrey, Straus, Lawrence G., Julien, Marie-Anne, Renhart, Silvia, Talaa, Dorothea, Benazzi, Stefano, Romandini, Matteo, Amkreutz, Luc, Bocherens, Hervé, Wißing, Christoph, Villotte, Sébastien, de Pablo, Javier Fernández-López, Gómez-Puche, Magdalena, Esquembre-Bebia, Marco Aurelio, Bodu, Pierre, Smits, Liesbeth, Souffi, Bénédicte, Jankauskas, Rimantas, Kozakaitė, Justina, Cupillard, Christophe, Benthien, Hartmut, Wehrberger, Kurt, Schmitz, Ralf W., Feine, Susanne C., Schüler, Tim, Thevenet, Corinne, Grigorescu, Dan, Lüth, Friedrich, Kotula, Andreas, Piezonka, Henny, Schopper, Franz, Svoboda, Jiří, Sázelová, Sandra, Chizhevsky, Andrey, Khokhlov, Aleksandr, Conard, Nicholas J., Valentin, Frédérique, Harvati, Katerina, Semal, Patrick, Jungklaus, Bettina, Suvorov, Alexander, Schulting, Rick, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Mannermaa, Kristiina, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Terberger, Thomas, Caramelli, David, Altena, Eveline, Haak, Wolfgang, and Krause, Johannes

Published
2023
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3. Author Correction: Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

Author

Posth, Cosimo, Yu, He, Ghalichi, Ayshin, Rougier, Hélène, Crevecoeur, Isabelle, Huang, Yilei, Ringbauer, Harald, Rohrlach, Adam B., Nägele, Kathrin, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Radzeviciute, Rita, Ferraz, Tiago, Stoessel, Alexander, Tukhbatova, Rezeda, Drucker, Dorothée G., Lari, Martina, Modi, Alessandra, Vai, Stefania, Saupe, Tina, Scheib, Christiana L., Catalano, Giulio, Pagani, Luca, Talamo, Sahra, Fewlass, Helen, Klaric, Laurent, Morala, André, Rué, Mathieu, Madelaine, Stéphane, Crépin, Laurent, Caverne, Jean-Baptiste, Bocaege, Emmy, Ricci, Stefano, Boschin, Francesco, Bayle, Priscilla, Maureille, Bruno, Le Brun-Ricalens, Foni, Bordes, Jean-Guillaume, Oxilia, Gregorio, Bortolini, Eugenio, Bignon-Lau, Olivier, Debout, Grégory, Orliac, Michel, Zazzo, Antoine, Sparacello, Vitale, Starnini, Elisabetta, Sineo, Luca, van der Plicht, Johannes, Pecqueur, Laure, Merceron, Gildas, Garcia, Géraldine, Leuvrey, Jean-Michel, Garcia, Coralie Bay, Gómez-Olivencia, Asier, Połtowicz-Bobak, Marta, Bobak, Dariusz, Le Luyer, Mona, Storm, Paul, Hoffmann, Claudia, Kabaciński, Jacek, Filimonova, Tatiana, Shnaider, Svetlana, Berezina, Natalia, González-Rabanal, Borja, González Morales, Manuel R., Marín-Arroyo, Ana B., López, Belén, Alonso-Llamazares, Carmen, Ronchitelli, Annamaria, Polet, Caroline, Jadin, Ivan, Cauwe, Nicolas, Soler, Joaquim, Coromina, Neus, Rufí, Isaac, Cottiaux, Richard, Clark, Geoffrey, Straus, Lawrence G., Julien, Marie-Anne, Renhart, Silvia, Talaa, Dorothea, Benazzi, Stefano, Romandini, Matteo, Amkreutz, Luc, Bocherens, Hervé, Wißing, Christoph, Villotte, Sébastien, de Pablo, Javier Fernández-López, Gómez-Puche, Magdalena, Esquembre-Bebia, Marco Aurelio, Bodu, Pierre, Smits, Liesbeth, Souffi, Bénédicte, Jankauskas, Rimantas, Kozakaitė, Justina, Cupillard, Christophe, Benthien, Hartmut, Wehrberger, Kurt, Schmitz, Ralf W., Feine, Susanne C., Schüler, Tim, Thevenet, Corinne, Grigorescu, Dan, Lüth, Friedrich, Kotula, Andreas, Piezonka, Henny, Schopper, Franz, Svoboda, Jiří, Sázelová, Sandra, Chizhevsky, Andrey, Khokhlov, Aleksandr, Conard, Nicholas J., Valentin, Frédérique, Harvati, Katerina, Semal, Patrick, Jungklaus, Bettina, Suvorov, Alexander, Schulting, Rick, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Mannermaa, Kristiina, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Terberger, Thomas, Caramelli, David, Altena, Eveline, Haak, Wolfgang, and Krause, Johannes

Published
2023
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6. Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Posth, Cosimo, Yu, He, Ghalichi, Ayshin, Rougier, Hélène, Crevecoeur, Isabelle, Huang, Yilei, Ringbauer, Harald, Rohrlach, Adam B., Nägele, Kathrin, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Radzeviciute, Rita, Ferraz, Tiago, Stoessel, Alexander, Tukhbatova, Rezeda, Drucker, Dorothée G., Lari, Martina, Modi, Alessandra, Vai, Stefania, Saupe, Tina, Scheib, Christiana L., Catalano, Giulio, Pagani, Luca, Talamo, Sahra, Fewlass, Helen, Klaric, Laurent, Morala, André, Rué, Mathieu, Madelaine, Stéphane, Crépin, Laurent, Caverne, Jean-Baptiste, Bocaege, Emmy, Ricci, Stefano, Boschin, Francesco, Bayle, Priscilla, Maureille, Bruno, Le Brun-Ricalens, Foni, Bordes, Jean-Guillaume, Oxilia, Gregorio, Bortolini, Eugenio, Bignon-Lau, Olivier, Debout, Grégory, Orliac, Michel, Zazzo, Antoine, Sparacello, Vitale, Starnini, Elisabetta, Sineo, Luca, van der Plicht, Johannes, Pecqueur, Laure, Merceron, Gildas, Garcia, Géraldine, Leuvrey, Jean-Michel, Garcia, Coralie Bay, Gómez-Olivencia, Asier, Połtowicz-Bobak, Marta, Bobak, Dariusz, Le Luyer, Mona, Storm, Paul, Hoffmann, Claudia, Kabaciński, Jacek, Filimonova, Tatiana, Shnaider, Svetlana, Berezina, Natalia, González-Rabanal, Borja, González Morales, Manuel R., Marín-Arroyo, Ana B., López, Belén, Alonso-Llamazares, Carmen, Ronchitelli, Annamaria, Polet, Caroline, Jadin, Ivan, Cauwe, Nicolas, Soler, Joaquim, Coromina, Neus, Rufí, Isaac, Cottiaux, Richard, Clark, Geoffrey, Straus, Lawrence G., Julien, Marie-Anne, Renhart, Silvia, Talaa, Dorothea, Benazzi, Stefano, Romandini, Matteo, Amkreutz, Luc, Bocherens, Hervé, Wißing, Christoph, Villotte, Sébastien, Fernández‐López de Pablo, Javier, Gómez-Puche, Magdalena, Esquembre Bebia, Marco Aurelio, Bodu, Pierre, Smits, Liesbeth, Souffi, Bénédicte, Jankauskas, Rimantas, Kozakaitė, Justina, Cupillard, Christophe, Benthien, Hartmut, Wehrberger, Kurt, Schmitz, Ralf W., Feine, Susanne C., Schüler, Tim, Thevenet, Corinne, Grigorescu, Dan, Lüth, Friedrich, Kotula, Andreas, Piezonka, Henny, Schopper, Franz, Svoboda, Jiří, Sázelová, Sandra, Chizhevsky, Andrey, Khokhlov, Aleksandr, Conard, Nicholas J., Valentin, Frédérique, Harvati, Katerina, Semal, Patrick, Jungklaus, Bettina, Suvorov, Alexander, Schulting, Rick, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Mannermaa, Kristiina, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Terberger, Thomas, Caramelli, David, Altena, Eveline, Haak, Wolfgang, Krause, Johannes, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Posth, Cosimo, Yu, He, Ghalichi, Ayshin, Rougier, Hélène, Crevecoeur, Isabelle, Huang, Yilei, Ringbauer, Harald, Rohrlach, Adam B., Nägele, Kathrin, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Radzeviciute, Rita, Ferraz, Tiago, Stoessel, Alexander, Tukhbatova, Rezeda, Drucker, Dorothée G., Lari, Martina, Modi, Alessandra, Vai, Stefania, Saupe, Tina, Scheib, Christiana L., Catalano, Giulio, Pagani, Luca, Talamo, Sahra, Fewlass, Helen, Klaric, Laurent, Morala, André, Rué, Mathieu, Madelaine, Stéphane, Crépin, Laurent, Caverne, Jean-Baptiste, Bocaege, Emmy, Ricci, Stefano, Boschin, Francesco, Bayle, Priscilla, Maureille, Bruno, Le Brun-Ricalens, Foni, Bordes, Jean-Guillaume, Oxilia, Gregorio, Bortolini, Eugenio, Bignon-Lau, Olivier, Debout, Grégory, Orliac, Michel, Zazzo, Antoine, Sparacello, Vitale, Starnini, Elisabetta, Sineo, Luca, van der Plicht, Johannes, Pecqueur, Laure, Merceron, Gildas, Garcia, Géraldine, Leuvrey, Jean-Michel, Garcia, Coralie Bay, Gómez-Olivencia, Asier, Połtowicz-Bobak, Marta, Bobak, Dariusz, Le Luyer, Mona, Storm, Paul, Hoffmann, Claudia, Kabaciński, Jacek, Filimonova, Tatiana, Shnaider, Svetlana, Berezina, Natalia, González-Rabanal, Borja, González Morales, Manuel R., Marín-Arroyo, Ana B., López, Belén, Alonso-Llamazares, Carmen, Ronchitelli, Annamaria, Polet, Caroline, Jadin, Ivan, Cauwe, Nicolas, Soler, Joaquim, Coromina, Neus, Rufí, Isaac, Cottiaux, Richard, Clark, Geoffrey, Straus, Lawrence G., Julien, Marie-Anne, Renhart, Silvia, Talaa, Dorothea, Benazzi, Stefano, Romandini, Matteo, Amkreutz, Luc, Bocherens, Hervé, Wißing, Christoph, Villotte, Sébastien, Fernández‐López de Pablo, Javier, Gómez-Puche, Magdalena, Esquembre Bebia, Marco Aurelio, Bodu, Pierre, Smits, Liesbeth, Souffi, Bénédicte, Jankauskas, Rimantas, Kozakaitė, Justina, Cupillard, Christophe, Benthien, Hartmut, Wehrberger, Kurt, Schmitz, Ralf W., Feine, Susanne C., Schüler, Tim, Thevenet, Corinne, Grigorescu, Dan, Lüth, Friedrich, Kotula, Andreas, Piezonka, Henny, Schopper, Franz, Svoboda, Jiří, Sázelová, Sandra, Chizhevsky, Andrey, Khokhlov, Aleksandr, Conard, Nicholas J., Valentin, Frédérique, Harvati, Katerina, Semal, Patrick, Jungklaus, Bettina, Suvorov, Alexander, Schulting, Rick, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Mannermaa, Kristiina, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Terberger, Thomas, Caramelli, David, Altena, Eveline, Haak, Wolfgang, and Krause, Johannes

Abstract

Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years1,2. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period3. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe4, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants.

Published
2023

7. Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

Author

Max Planck Society, European Research Council, Posth, Cosimo, Yu, He, Ghalichi, Ayshin, Rougier, Hélène, Crevecoeur, Isabelle, Huang, Yilei, Ringbauer, Harald, Rohrlach, Adam B., Nägele, Kathrin, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Radzeviciute, Rita, Ferraz, Tiago, Stoessel, Alexander, Tukhbatova, Rezeda I., Drucker, Dorothée G., Lari, Martina, Modi, Alessandra, Vai, Stefania, Saupe, Tina, Scheib, Christiana L., Catalano, Giulio, Pagani, Luca, Talamo, Sahra, Fewlass, Helen, Klaric, Laurent, Morala, André, Rué, Mathieu, Madelaine, Stéphane, Crépin, Laurent, Caverne, Jean-Baptiste, Bocaege, Emy, Ricci, Stefano, Boschin, Francesco, Maureille, Bruno, Le Brun-Ricalens, Foni, Bordes, Jean-Guillaume, Oxilia, Gregorio, Bortolini, Eugenio, Bignon-Lau, Olivier, Debout, Grégory, Orliac, Michel, Zazzo, Antoine, Sparacello, Vitale, Starnini, Elisabetta, Sineo, Luca, Van Der Plicht, Johannes, Pecqueur, Laure, Merceron, Gildas, Baye, Priscilla, Gómez-Olivencia, Asier, González-Rabanal, Borja, González Morales, Manuel R., Marín-Arroyo, Ana B., López, Belén, Alonso-Llamazares, Carmen, Soler, Joaquim, Coromina, Neus, Rufí, Isaac, Straus, Lawrence G., Fernández-López de Pablo, Javier, Gómez-Puche, Magdalena, Esquembre-Bebia, Marco Aurelio, Max Planck Society, European Research Council, Posth, Cosimo, Yu, He, Ghalichi, Ayshin, Rougier, Hélène, Crevecoeur, Isabelle, Huang, Yilei, Ringbauer, Harald, Rohrlach, Adam B., Nägele, Kathrin, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Radzeviciute, Rita, Ferraz, Tiago, Stoessel, Alexander, Tukhbatova, Rezeda I., Drucker, Dorothée G., Lari, Martina, Modi, Alessandra, Vai, Stefania, Saupe, Tina, Scheib, Christiana L., Catalano, Giulio, Pagani, Luca, Talamo, Sahra, Fewlass, Helen, Klaric, Laurent, Morala, André, Rué, Mathieu, Madelaine, Stéphane, Crépin, Laurent, Caverne, Jean-Baptiste, Bocaege, Emy, Ricci, Stefano, Boschin, Francesco, Maureille, Bruno, Le Brun-Ricalens, Foni, Bordes, Jean-Guillaume, Oxilia, Gregorio, Bortolini, Eugenio, Bignon-Lau, Olivier, Debout, Grégory, Orliac, Michel, Zazzo, Antoine, Sparacello, Vitale, Starnini, Elisabetta, Sineo, Luca, Van Der Plicht, Johannes, Pecqueur, Laure, Merceron, Gildas, Baye, Priscilla, Gómez-Olivencia, Asier, González-Rabanal, Borja, González Morales, Manuel R., Marín-Arroyo, Ana B., López, Belén, Alonso-Llamazares, Carmen, Soler, Joaquim, Coromina, Neus, Rufí, Isaac, Straus, Lawrence G., Fernández-López de Pablo, Javier, Gómez-Puche, Magdalena, and Esquembre-Bebia, Marco Aurelio

Abstract

Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants.

Published
2023

10. Sex differences in the distribution of entheseal changes: Meta‐analysis of published evidence and its use in Bayesian paleopathological modeling.

Author

Alonso‐Llamazares, Carmen, Lopez, Belen, and F. Pardiñas, Antonio

Subjects
*MEDICAL archaeology, *META-analysis, *PALEOPATHOLOGY, *NEUROPSYCHIATRY, *BIOLOGICAL psychiatry
Abstract

Objectives: We studied the sex differences in the distribution of entheseal changes (EC) in an archeological population through a Bayesian approach that allows incorporating existing knowledge while controlling for confounder factors that may affect EC development. Materials and methods: We performed a meta‐analysis of published research on sex differences in EC frequencies from archeological populations. Also, EC were assessed for fibrocartilaginous entheses following the "New Coimbra Method" in a Spanish population that dates from the 15th to the 18th century. Data were analyzed with multivariate generalized linear mixed models (MGLMM). Results: Meta‐analysis showed a consistent but small effect of males usually manifesting higher EC frequencies. Similarly, our MGLMM analysis showed that bone formation and erosion is unequally distributed in the archeological population we studied, with bone formation more present in male lower limbs and erosion more frequent in male upper limbs. Discussion: Bayesian inference makes it possible to assess more complex models than traditional frequentist methods, and can be informed by meta‐analysis to reflect the current state of knowledge on any given topic. MGLMM are an appropriate technique for the study of EC as they can accommodate several response variables in a single model, controlling for well‐known confounders of EC formation to infer sex differences that could be attributed to daily behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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11. Assessing individual and population variability in degenerative joint disease prevalence using generalized linear mixed models.

Author

Alonso‐Llamazares, Carmen, Blanco Márquez, Beatriz, Lopez, Belen, and Pardiñas, Antonio F.

Subjects
*ARCHAEOLOGICAL human remains, *OSTEOARTHRITIS, *ARTHRITIS, *RANDOM effects model, *LOGISTIC regression analysis
Abstract

Objectives: In this paper, we introduce the use of generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) as a better alternative to traditional statistical methods for studying factors associated to the prevalence of degenerative joint disease (DJD) in bioarchaeological contexts. Materials and Methods: DJD prevalence was assessed for the appendicular joints and the spine of a Spanish population dated from the 15th to the 18th century. Data were analyzed using contingency tables, logistic regression models, and logistic GLMM. Results: In general, results from GLMMs find agreement in other methods. However, by being able to analyze the data at the level of individual bones instead of aggregated joints or limbs, GLMMs are capable of revealing associations that are not evident in other frameworks. Discussion Currently widely available in statistical analysis software, GLMMs can accommodate a wide array of data distributions, account for hierarchical correlations, and return estimates of DJD prevalence within individuals and skeletal locations that are unbiased by the effect of covariates. This gives clear advantages for the analysis of bioarchaeological datasets which can lead to more robust and comparable analyses across populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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12. Nobody's land? The oldest evidence of early Upper Paleolithic settlements in inland Iberia.

Author

Sala, Nohemi, Alcaraz-Castaño, Manuel, Arriolabengoa, Martin, Martínez-Pillado, Virginia, Pantoja-Pérez, Ana, Rodríguez-Hidalgo, Antonio, Téllez, Edgar, Cubas, Miriam, Castillo, Samuel, Arnold, Lee J., Demuro, Martina, Duval, Mathieu, Arteaga-Brieba, Andion, Llamazares, Javier, Ochando, Juan, Cuenca-Bescós, Gloria, Marín-Arroyo, Ana B., Seijo, María Martín, Luque, Luis, and Alonso-Llamazares, Carmen

Subjects
*PALEOLITHIC Period, *HUMAN settlements, *NEANDERTHALS, *POPULATION dynamics, *ABILITY grouping (Education), *CLIMATE change
Abstract

The Iberian Peninsula is a key region for unraveling human settlement histories of Eurasia during the period spanning the decline of Neandertals and the emergence of anatomically modern humans (AMH). There is no evidence of human occupation in central Iberia after the disappearance of Neandertals ~42,000 years ago until approximately 26,000 years ago, rendering the region "nobody's land" during the Aurignacian period. The Abrigo de la Malia provides irrefutable evidence of human settlements dating back to 36,200 to 31,760 calibrated years before the present (cal B.P.) This site also records additional levels of occupation around 32,420 to 26,260 cal B.P., suggesting repeated settlement of this territory. Our multiproxy examination identifies a change in climate trending toward colder and more arid conditions. However, this climatic deterioration does not appear to have affected AMH subsistence strategies or their capacity to inhabit this region. These findings reveal the ability of AMH groups to colonize regions hitherto considered uninhabitable, reopening the debate on early Upper Paleolithic population dynamics of southwestern Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

Author

Cosimo Posth, He Yu, Ayshin Ghalichi, Hélène Rougier, Isabelle Crevecoeur, Yilei Huang, Harald Ringbauer, Adam B. Rohrlach, Kathrin Nägele, Vanessa Villalba-Mouco, Rita Radzeviciute, Tiago Ferraz, Alexander Stoessel, Rezeda Tukhbatova, Dorothée G. Drucker, Martina Lari, Alessandra Modi, Stefania Vai, Tina Saupe, Christiana L. Scheib, Giulio Catalano, Luca Pagani, Sahra Talamo, Helen Fewlass, Laurent Klaric, André Morala, Mathieu Rué, Stéphane Madelaine, Laurent Crépin, Jean-Baptiste Caverne, Emmy Bocaege, Stefano Ricci, Francesco Boschin, Priscilla Bayle, Bruno Maureille, Foni Le Brun-Ricalens, Jean-Guillaume Bordes, Gregorio Oxilia, Eugenio Bortolini, Olivier Bignon-Lau, Grégory Debout, Michel Orliac, Antoine Zazzo, Vitale Sparacello, Elisabetta Starnini, Luca Sineo, Johannes van der Plicht, Laure Pecqueur, Gildas Merceron, Géraldine Garcia, Jean-Michel Leuvrey, Coralie Bay Garcia, Asier Gómez-Olivencia, Marta Połtowicz-Bobak, Dariusz Bobak, Mona Le Luyer, Paul Storm, Claudia Hoffmann, Jacek Kabaciński, Tatiana Filimonova, Svetlana Shnaider, Natalia Berezina, Borja González-Rabanal, Manuel R. González Morales, Ana B. Marín-Arroyo, Belén López, Carmen Alonso-Llamazares, Annamaria Ronchitelli, Caroline Polet, Ivan Jadin, Nicolas Cauwe, Joaquim Soler, Neus Coromina, Isaac Rufí, Richard Cottiaux, Geoffrey Clark, Lawrence G. Straus, Marie-Anne Julien, Silvia Renhart, Dorothea Talaa, Stefano Benazzi, Matteo Romandini, Luc Amkreutz, Hervé Bocherens, Christoph Wißing, Sébastien Villotte, Javier Fernández-López de Pablo, Magdalena Gómez-Puche, Marco Aurelio Esquembre-Bebia, Pierre Bodu, Liesbeth Smits, Bénédicte Souffi, Rimantas Jankauskas, Justina Kozakaitė, Christophe Cupillard, Hartmut Benthien, Kurt Wehrberger, Ralf W. Schmitz, Susanne C. Feine, Tim Schüler, Corinne Thevenet, Dan Grigorescu, Friedrich Lüth, Andreas Kotula, Henny Piezonka, Franz Schopper, Jiří Svoboda, Sandra Sázelová, Andrey Chizhevsky, Aleksandr Khokhlov, Nicholas J. Conard, Frédérique Valentin, Katerina Harvati, Patrick Semal, Bettina Jungklaus, Alexander Suvorov, Rick Schulting, Vyacheslav Moiseyev, Kristiina Mannermaa, Alexandra Buzhilova, Thomas Terberger, David Caramelli, Eveline Altena, Wolfgang Haak, Johannes Krause, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Department of Cultures, Faculty Common Matters (Faculty of Arts), Universidad de Cantabria, Posth, Cosimo [0000-0002-8206-3907], Yu, He [0000-0003-1323-4730], Rougier, Hélène [0000-0003-0358-0285], Ringbauer, Harald [0000-0002-4884-9682], Rohrlach, Adam B [0000-0002-4204-5018], Nägele, Kathrin [0000-0003-3861-8677], Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa [0000-0002-9357-5238], Radzeviciute, Rita [0000-0002-5800-3787], Stoessel, Alexander [0000-0003-2434-2542], Drucker, Dorothée G [0000-0003-0854-4371], Lari, Martina [0000-0002-7832-8212], Modi, Alessandra [0000-0001-9514-9868], Vai, Stefania [0000-0003-3844-5147], Scheib, Christiana L [0000-0003-4158-8296], Rué, Mathieu [0000-0001-7948-9459], Boschin, Francesco [0000-0001-5795-9050], Maureille, Bruno [0000-0002-7616-0073], Bortolini, Eugenio [0000-0001-6751-5680], Starnini, Elisabetta [0000-0002-3933-0854], Sineo, Luca [0000-0001-8634-2295], Garcia, Géraldine [0000-0001-5777-7126], Połtowicz-Bobak, Marta [0000-0003-1973-4971], Bobak, Dariusz [0000-0002-5216-6630], Le Luyer, Mona [0000-0001-7999-0294], Kabaciński, Jacek [0000-0002-2118-2005], Berezina, Natalia [0000-0001-5704-9153], González-Rabanal, Borja [0000-0002-1802-994X], Amkreutz, Luc [0000-0003-4664-5552], Bocherens, Hervé [0000-0002-0494-0126], Jankauskas, Rimantas [0000-0001-7611-2576], Conard, Nicholas J [0000-0002-4633-0385], Valentin, Frédérique [0000-0002-0575-7681], Harvati, Katerina [0000-0001-5998-4794], Schulting, Rick [0000-0002-4444-766X], Mannermaa, Kristiina [0000-0002-8510-1120], Buzhilova, Alexandra [0000-0001-6398-2177], Caramelli, David [0000-0001-6468-1675], Altena, Eveline [0000-0001-8911-7771], Haak, Wolfgang [0000-0003-2475-2007], Krause, Johannes [0000-0001-9144-3920], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Rohrlach, Adam B. [0000-0002-4204-5018], Drucker, Dorothée G. [0000-0003-0854-4371], Scheib, Christiana L. [0000-0003-4158-8296], Conard, Nicholas J. [0000-0002-4633-0385], Posth, Cosimo, Yu, He, Ghalichi, Ayshin, Rougier, Hélène, Crevecoeur, Isabelle, Huang, Yilei, Ringbauer, Harald, Rohrlach, Adam B, Nägele, Kathrin, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Radzeviciute, Rita, Ferraz, Tiago, Stoessel, Alexander, Tukhbatova, Rezeda, Drucker, Dorothée G, Lari, Martina, Modi, Alessandra, Vai, Stefania, Saupe, Tina, Scheib, Christiana L, Catalano, Giulio, Pagani, Luca, Talamo, Sahra, Fewlass, Helen, Klaric, Laurent, Morala, André, Rué, Mathieu, Madelaine, Stéphane, Crépin, Laurent, Caverne, Jean-Baptiste, Bocaege, Emmy, Ricci, Stefano, Boschin, Francesco, Bayle, Priscilla, Maureille, Bruno, Le Brun-Ricalens, Foni, Bordes, Jean-Guillaume, Oxilia, Gregorio, Bortolini, Eugenio, Bignon-Lau, Olivier, Debout, Grégory, Orliac, Michel, Zazzo, Antoine, Sparacello, Vitale, Starnini, Elisabetta, Sineo, Luca, van der Plicht, Johanne, Pecqueur, Laure, Merceron, Gilda, Garcia, Géraldine, Leuvrey, Jean-Michel, Garcia, Coralie Bay, Gómez-Olivencia, Asier, Połtowicz-Bobak, Marta, Bobak, Dariusz, Le Luyer, Mona, Storm, Paul, Hoffmann, Claudia, Kabaciński, Jacek, Filimonova, Tatiana, Shnaider, Svetlana, Berezina, Natalia, González-Rabanal, Borja, González Morales, Manuel R, Marín-Arroyo, Ana B, López, Belén, Alonso-Llamazares, Carmen, Ronchitelli, Annamaria, Polet, Caroline, Jadin, Ivan, Cauwe, Nicola, Soler, Joaquim, Coromina, Neu, Rufí, Isaac, Cottiaux, Richard, Clark, Geoffrey, Straus, Lawrence G, Julien, Marie-Anne, Renhart, Silvia, Talaa, Dorothea, Benazzi, Stefano, Romandini, Matteo, Amkreutz, Luc, Bocherens, Hervé, Wißing, Christoph, Villotte, Sébastien, de Pablo, Javier Fernández-López, Gómez-Puche, Magdalena, Esquembre-Bebia, Marco Aurelio, Bodu, Pierre, Smits, Liesbeth, Souffi, Bénédicte, Jankauskas, Rimanta, Kozakaitė, Justina, Cupillard, Christophe, Benthien, Hartmut, Wehrberger, Kurt, Schmitz, Ralf W, Feine, Susanne C, Schüler, Tim, Thevenet, Corinne, Grigorescu, Dan, Lüth, Friedrich, Kotula, Andrea, Piezonka, Henny, Schopper, Franz, Svoboda, Jiří, Sázelová, Sandra, Chizhevsky, Andrey, Khokhlov, Aleksandr, Conard, Nicholas J, Valentin, Frédérique, Harvati, Katerina, Semal, Patrick, Jungklaus, Bettina, Suvorov, Alexander, Schulting, Rick, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Mannermaa, Kristiina, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Terberger, Thoma, Caramelli, David, Altena, Eveline, Haak, Wolfgang, Krause, Johannes, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Prehistoria y Protohistoria, Pagani, Luca [0000-0002-6639-524X], and Alonso-Llamazares, Carmen [0000-0002-1053-1388]

Subjects
History, Ancient dna, Interactions, Cave, 45/23, Admixture, Settore BIO/08 - Antropologia, 631/208/457, 631/181/27, 6160 Other humanities, Contamination, Humans, Hunting, Palaeogenomics, Population-structure, Archaeology, Biological anthropology, Evolutionary genetics, Population genetics, History, Ancient, Human evolution, Diversity, Occupation, Multidisciplinary, 45, Genome, Human, article, Paleontology, Last glacial maximum, Human Genetics, Gene Pool, Genomics, 631/181/19/2471, Pleistocene, Europe, Genomic transformations, 631/181/2474, Anthropology, Hunter-gatherers, Genome sequence
Abstract

Acknowledgements: The authors thank G. Marciani and O. Jöris for comments on archaeology; C. Jeong, M. Spyrou and K. Prüfer for comments on genetics; M. O’Reilly for graphical support for Fig. 5 and Extended Data Fig. 9; the entire IT and laboratory teams at the Department of Archaeogenetics of MPI-SHH for technical assistance; M. Meyer and S. Nagel for support with single-stranded library preparation; K. Post, P. van Es, J. Glimmerveen, M. Medendorp, M. Sier, S. Dikstra, M. Dikstra, R. van Eerden, D. Duineveld and A. Hoekman for providing access to human specimens from the North Sea (The Netherlands); M. D. Garralda and A. Estalrrich for providing access to human specimens from La Riera (Spain); J. Górski and M. Zając for providing access to human specimens from Maszycka cave; C. Di Patti for providing access to human specimens from San Teodoro 2 (Italy); P. Blaževičius for providing access to the Donkalnis human remains and the new radiocarbon dates; the Italian Ministry of Culture and Soprintendenza Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio for the Provinces of Verona, Rovigo, and Vicenza for granting access to the human remains of Tagliente 2; F. Fontana, who carries out investigations of the Riparo Tagliente site (Italy); the Friuli Venezia Giulia Superintendency for providing access to the human tooth Pradis 1; and the Soprintendenza Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio for the Provinces of Barletta-Andria-Trani and Foggia for providing access to the Paglicci human remains. This project has received funding by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreements no. 803147-RESOLUTION (to S.T.), no. 771234-PALEoRIDER (to W.H.), no. 864358 (to K.M.), no. 724703 and no. 101019659 (to K.H.). K.H. is also supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG FOR 2237). E.A. has received funding from the Van de Kamp fonds. PACEA co-authors of this research benefited from the scientific framework of the University of Bordeaux’s IdEx Investments for the Future programme/GPR Human Past. A.G.-O. is supported by a Ramón y Cajal fellowship (RYC-2017-22558). L. Sineo, M.L. and D.C. have received funding from the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) PRIN 2017 grants 20177PJ9XF and 20174BTC4R_002. H. Rougier received support from the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences of CSUN and the CSUN Competition for RSCA Awards. C.L.S. and T. Saupe received support from the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (project no. 2014-2020.4.01.16-0030) and C.L.S. received support from the Estonian Research Council grant PUT (PRG243). S. Shnaider received support from the Russian Science Foundation (no. 19-78-10053)., Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years1,2. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period3. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe4, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants.

Published
2023
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