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1. The ZEPLIN-III dark matter detector: instrument design, manufacture and commissioning

Author

Akimov, DY, Alner, GJ, Araujo, HM, Bewick, A, Bungau, C, Burenkov, AA, Carson, MJ, Chagani, H, Chepel, V, Cline, D, Davidge, D, Daw, E, Dawson, J, Durkin, T, Edwards, B, Gamble, T, Chag, C, Hollingworth, RJ, Howard, AS, Jones, WG, Joshi, M, Mavrokoridis, K, Korolkova, E, Kovalenko, A, Kudryavtsev, VA, Kuznetsov, IS, Lawson, T, Lebedenko, VN, Lewin, JD, Lightfoot, P, Lindote, A, Liubarsky, I, Lopes, MI, Luscher, R, McMillan, JE, Majewski, P, Morgan, B, Muna, D, Murphy, AS, Neves, F, Nicklin, GG, Paling, SM, da Cunha, JP, Plank, SJS, Preece, R, Quenby, JJ, Robinson, M, Silva, C, Solovov, VN, Smith, NJT, Smith, PF, Spooner, NJC, Stekhanov, V, Sumner, TJ, Thorne, C, Tovey, DR, Tziaferi, E, Walker, RJ, Wang, H, White, J, Wolfs, F, APC - Neutrinos, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
ZEPLIN-III, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, ARGON, Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, dark matters, Astronomy & Astrophysics, SCINTILLATION EFFICIENCY, Astrophysics, Q1, RECOILS, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Particle detector, Nuclear physics, ENERGY, Xenon, radiation detectors, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010306 general physics, Process engineering, QC, Physics, Scintillation, Contamination control, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics (astro-ph), PHYSICS, PARTICLES & FIELDS, LIQUID XENON, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radiation detectors, WIMPs, ELECTRONS, chemistry, Scintillation counter, Physical Sciences, Liquid xenon, business
Abstract

We present details of the technical design and manufacture of the ZEPLIN-III dark matter experiment. ZEPLIN-III is a two-phase xenon detector which measures both the scintillation light and the ionisation charge generated in the liquid by interacting particles and radiation. The instrument design is driven by both the physics requirements and by the technology requirements surrounding the use of liquid xenon. These include considerations of key performance parameters, such as the efficiency of scintillation light collection, restrictions placed on the use of materials to control the inherent radioactivity levels, attainment of high vacuum levels and chemical contamination control. The successful solution has involved a number of novel design and manufacturing features which will be of specific use to future generations of direct dark matter search experiments as they struggle with similar and progressively more demanding requirements., Comment: 25 pages, 19 figures. Submitted to Astropart. Phys. Some figures down sampled to reduce size

Published
2007

2. First observations of separated atmospheric nu(mu) and (nu)over-bar(mu) events in the MINOS detector

Author

Adamson, P, Alexopoulos, T, Allison, WWM, Alner, GJ, Anderson, K, Andreopoulos, C, Andrews, M, Andrews, R, Arroyo, C, Avvakumov, S, Ayres, DS, Baller, B, Barish, B, Barker, MA, Barnes, PD, Barr, G, Barrett, WL, Beall, E, Becker, BR, Belias, A, Bergfeld, T, Bernstein, RH, Bhattacharya, D, Bishai, M, Blake, A, Bocean, V, Bock, B, Bock, GJ, Boehm, J, Boehnlein, DJ, Bogert, D, Border, PM, Bower, C, Boyd, S, Buckley-Geer, E, Byon-Wagner, A, Cabrera, A, Chapman, JD, Chase, TR, Chernichenko, SK, Childress, S, Choudhary, BC, Cobb, JH, Cossairt, JD, Courant, H, Crane, DA, Culling, AJ, Dawson, JW, DeMuth, DM, De Santo, A, Dierckxsens, M, Diwan, MV, Dorman, M, Drake, G, Ducar, R, Durkin, T, Erwin, AR, Escobar, CO, Evans, J, Fackler, OD, Harris, EF, Feldman, GJ, Felt, N, Fields, TH, Ford, R, Frohne, MV, Gallagher, HR, Gebhard, M, Godley, A, Gogos, J, Goodman, MC, Gornushkin, Y, Gouffon, P, Grashorn, E, Grossman, N, Grudzinski, JJ, Grzelak, K, Guarino, V, Habig, A, Halsall, R, Hanson, J, Harris, D, Harris, PG, Hartnell, J, Hartouni, EP, Hatcher, R, Heller, K, Hill, N, Ho, Y, Howcroft, C, Hylen, J, Ignatenko, M, Indurthy, D, Irwin, GM, James, C, Jenner, L, Jensen, D, Joffe-Minor, T, Kafka, T, Kang, HJ, Kasahara, SMS, Kilmer, J, Kim, H, Koizumi, G, Kopp, S, Kordosky, M, Koskinen, DJ, Kostin, M, Krakauer, DA, Kumaratunga, S, Ladran, AS, Lang, K, Laughton, C, Lebedev, A, Lee, R, Lee, WY, Libkind, MA, Liu, J, Litchfield, PJ, Litchfield, RP, Longley, NP, Lucas, P, Luebke, W, Madani, S, Maher, E, Makeev, V, Mann, WA, Marchionni, A, Marino, AD, Marshak, ML, Marshall, JS, McDonald, J, McGowan, A, Meier, JR, Merzon, GI, Messier, MD, Michael, DG, Milburn, RH, Miller, JL, Miller, WH, Mishra, SR, Miyagawa, PS, Moore, C, Morfin, J, Morse, R, Mualem, L, Mufson, S, Murgia, S, Murtagh, MJ, Musser, J, Naples, D, Nelson, C, Nelson, JK, Newman, HB, Nezrick, F, Nichol, RJ, Nicholls, TC, Ochoa-Ricoux, JP, Oliver, J, Oliver, WP, Onuchin, VA, Osiecki, T, Ospanov, R, Paley, J, Paolone, V, Para, A, Patzak, T, Pavlovich, Z, Pearce, GF, Pearson, N, Peck, CW, Perry, C, Peterson, EA, Petyt, DA, Ping, H, Piteira, R, Pla-Dalmau, A, Plunkett, RK, Price, LE, Proga, M, Pushka, DR, Rahman, D, Rameika, RA, Raufer, TM, Read, AL, Rebel, B, Reyna, DE, Rosenfeld, C, Rubin, HA, Ruddick, K, Ryabov, VA, Saakyan, R, Sanchez, MC, Saoulidou, N, Schneps, J, Schoessow, PV, Schreiner, P, Schwienhorst, R, Semenov, VK, Seun, SM, Shanahan, P, Shield, PD, Smart, W, Smirnitsky, V, Smith, C, Smith, PN, Sousa, A, Speakman, B, Stamoulis, P, Stefanik, A, Sullivan, P, Swan, JM, Symes, PA, Tagg, N, Talaga, RL, Tetteh-Lartey, E, Thomas, J, Thompson, J, Thomson, MA, Thron, JL, Trendler, R, Trevor, J, Trostin, I, Tsarev, VA, Tzanakos, G, Urheim, J, Vahle, P, Vakili, M, Vaziri, K, Velissaris, C, Verebryusov, V, Viren, B, Wai, L, Ward, CP, Ward, DR, Watabe, M, Weber, A, Webb, RC, Wehmann, A, West, N, White, C, White, RF, Wojcicki, SG, Wright, DM, Wu, QK, Yan, WG, Yang, T, Yumiceva, FX, Yun, JC, Zheng, H, Zois, M, Zwaska, R, and Collaboration, MMINOS

Published
2006

3. First observations of separated atmospheric νμ and ν̄μ events in the MINOS detector

Author

Adamson, P, Alexopoulos, T, Allison, WWM, Alner, GJ, Anderson, K, Andreopoulos, C, Andrews, M, Andrews, R, Arroyo, C, Avvakumov, S, Ayres, DS, Baller, B, Barish, B, Barker, MA, Barnes Jr, PD, Barr, G, Barrett, WL, Beall, E, Becker, BR, Belias, A, Bergfeld, T, Bernstein, RH, Bhattacharya, D, Bishai, M, Blake, A, Bocean, V, Bock, B, Bock, GJ, Boehm, J, Boehnlein, DJ, Bogert, D, Border, PM, Bower, C, Boyd, S, Buckley-Geer, E, Byon-Wagner, A, Cabrera, A, Chapman, JD, Chase, TR, Chernichenko, SK, Childress, S, Choudhary, BC, Cobb, JH, Cossairt, JD, Courant, H, Crane, DA, Culling, AJ, Dawson, JW, DeMuth, DM, De Santo, A, Dierckxsens, M, Diwan, MV, Dorman, M, Drake, G, Ducar, R, Durkin, T, Erwin, AR, Escobar, CO, Evans, J, Fackler, OD, Harris, EF, Feldman, GJ, Felt, N, Fields, TH, Ford, R, Frohne, MV, Gallagher, HR, Gebhard, M, Godley, A, Gogos, J, Goodman, MC, Gornushkin, Y, Gouffon, P, Grashorn, E, Grossman, N, Grudzinski, JJ, Grzelak, K, Guarino, V, Habig, A, Halsall, R, Hanson, J, Harris, D, Harris, PG, Hartnell, J, Hartouni, EP, Hatcher, R, Heller, K, Hill, N, Ho, Y, Howcroft, C, Hylen, J, Ignatenko, M, Indurthy, D, Irwin, GM, James, C, Jenner, L, Jensen, D, Joffe-Minor, T, Kafka, T, Kang, HJ, Kasahara, SMS, Kilmer, J, Kim, H, Koizumi, G, Kopp, S, Kordosky, M, Koskinen, DJ, Kostin, M, Krakauer, DA, Kumaratunga, S, Ladran, AS, Lang, K, Laughton, C, Lebedev, A, Lee, R, Lee, WY, Libkind, MA, Liu, J, Litchfield, PJ, Litchfield, RP, Longley, NP, Lucas, P, Luebke, W, Madani, S, Maher, E, Makeev, V, Mann, WA, Marchionni, A, Marino, AD, Marshak, ML, Marshall, JS, McDonald, J, McGowan, A, Meier, JR, Merzon, GI, Messier, MD, Michael, DG, Milburn, RH, Miller, JL, Miller, WH, Mishra, SR, Miyagawa, PS, Moore, C, Morfín, J, Morse, R, Mualem, L, Mufson, S, Murgia, S, Murtagh, MJ, Musser, J, Naples, D, Nelson, C, Nelson, JK, Newman, HB, Nezrick, F, Nichol, RJ, Nicholls, TC, Ochoa-Ricoux, JP, Oliver, J, Oliver, WP, Onuchin, VA, Osiecki, T, Ospanov, R, Paley, J, Paolone, V, Para, A, Patzak, T, Pavlovich, Z, Pearce, GF, Pearson, N, Peck, CW, Perry, C, Peterson, EA, Petyt, DA, Ping, H, Piteira, R, Pla-Dalmau, A, Plunkett, RK, Price, LE, Proga, M, Pushka, DR, Rahman, D, Rameika, RA, Raufer, TM, Read, AL, Rebel, B, Reyna, DE, Rosenfeld, C, Rubin, HA, Ruddick, K, Ryabov, VA, Saakyan, R, Sanchez, MC, Saoulidou, N, Schneps, J, Schoessow, PV, Schreiner, P, Schwienhorst, R, Semenov, VK, Seun, S-M, Shanahan, P, Shield, PD, Smart, W, Smirnitsky, V, Smith, C, Smith, PN, Sousa, A, Speakman, B, Stamoulis, P, Stefanik, A, Sullivan, P, Swan, JM, Symes, PA, Tagg, N, Talaga, RL, Tetteh-Lartey, E, Thomas, J, Thompson, J, Thomson, MA, Thron, JL, Trendler, R, Trevor, J, Trostin, I, Tsarev, VA, Tzanakos, G, Urheim, J, Vahle, P, Vakili, M, Vaziri, K, Velissaris, C, Verebryusov, V, Viren, B, Wai, L, Ward, CP, Ward, DR, Watabe, M, Weber, A, Webb, RC, Wehmann, A, West, N, White, C, White, RF, Wojcicki, SG, Wright, DM, Wu, QK, Yan, WG, Yang, T, Yumiceva, FX, Yun, JC, Zheng, H, Zois, M, and Zwaska, R

Abstract

The complete 5.4 kton MINOS far detector has been taking data since the beginning of August 2003 at a depth of 2070 meters water-equivalent in the Soudan mine, Minnesota. This paper presents the first MINOS observations of νμ and ν̄μ charged-current atmospheric neutrino interactions based on an exposure of 418 days. The ratio of upward- to downward-going events in the data is compared to the Monte Carlo expectation in the absence of neutrino oscillations, giving Rup/downdata/Rup/downMC=0.62-0.14+0.19(stat.) ±0.02(sys.). An extended maximum likelihood analysis of the observed L/E distributions excludes the null hypothesis of no neutrino oscillations at the 98% confidence level. Using the curvature of the observed muons in the 1.3 T MINOS magnetic field νμ and ν̄μ interactions are separated. The ratio of ν̄μ to νμ events in the data is compared to the Monte Carlo expectation assuming neutrinos and antineutrinos oscillate in the same manner, giving Rν̄μ/νμdata/Rν̄μ/νμMC=0.96-0. 27+0.38(stat.)±0.15(sys.), where the errors are the statistical and systematic uncertainties. Although the statistics are limited, this is the first direct observation of atmospheric neutrino interactions separately for νμ and ν̄μ. © 2006 The American Physical Society.

Published
2006

4. First observations of separated atmospheric nu(mu) and (nu)over-bar(mu) events in the MINOS detector

Author

Adamson, P Alexopoulos, T Allison, WWM Alner, GJ and Anderson, K Andreopoulos, C Andrews, M Andrews, R and Arroyo, C Avvakumov, S Ayres, DS Baller, B Barish, B and Barker, MA Barnes, PD Barr, G Barrett, WL Beall, E and Becker, BR Belias, A Bergfeld, T Bernstein, RH and Bhattacharya, D Bishai, M Blake, A Bocean, V Bock, B and Bock, GJ Boehm, J Boehnlein, DJ Bogert, D Border, PM and Bower, C Boyd, S Buckley-Geer, E Byon-Wagner, A Cabrera, A Chapman, JD Chase, TR Chernichenko, SK Childress, S and Choudhary, BC Cobb, JH Cossairt, JD Courant, H and Crane, DA Culling, AJ Dawson, JW DeMuth, DM De Santo, A and Dierckxsens, M Diwan, MV Dorman, M Drake, G Ducar, R and Durkin, T Erwin, AR Escobar, CO Evans, J Fackler, OD and Harris, EF Feldman, GJ Felt, N Fields, TH Ford, R and Frohne, MV Gallagher, HR Gebhard, M Godley, A Gogos, J Goodman, MC Gornushkin, Y Gouffon, P Grashorn, E and Grossman, N Grudzinski, JJ Grzelak, K Guarino, V Habig, A Halsall, R Hanson, J Harris, D Harris, PG and Hartnell, J Hartouni, EP Hatcher, R Heller, K Hill, N and Ho, Y Howcroft, C Hylen, J Ignatenko, M Indurthy, D and Irwin, GM James, C Jenner, L Jensen, D Joffe-Minor, T Kafka, T Kang, HJ Kasahara, SMS Kilmer, J Kim, H and Koizumi, G Kopp, S Kordosky, M Koskinen, DJ Kostin, M Krakauer, DA Kumaratunga, S Ladran, AS Lang, K and Laughton, C Lebedev, A Lee, R Lee, WY Libkind, MA and Liu, J Litchfield, PJ Litchfield, RP Longley, NP Lucas, P Luebke, W Madani, S Maher, E Makeev, V Mann, WA and Marchionni, A Marino, AD Marshak, ML Marshall, JS and McDonald, J McGowan, A Meier, JR Merzon, GI Messier, MD and Michael, DG Milburn, RH Miller, JL Miller, WH and Mishra, SR Miyagawa, PS Moore, C Morfin, J Morse, R and Mualem, L Mufson, S Murgia, S Murtagh, MJ Musser, J and Naples, D Nelson, C Nelson, JK Newman, HB Nezrick, F and Nichol, RJ Nicholls, TC Ochoa-Ricoux, JP Oliver, J and Oliver, WP Onuchin, VA Osiecki, T Ospanov, R Paley, J and Paolone, V Para, A Patzak, T Pavlovich, Z Pearce, GF and Pearson, N Peck, CW Perry, C Peterson, EA Petyt, DA and Ping, H Piteira, R Pla-Dalmau, A Plunkett, RK Price, LE Proga, M Pushka, DR Rahman, D Rameika, RA Raufer, TM Read, AL Rebel, B Reyna, DE Rosenfeld, C Rubin, HA Ruddick, K Ryabov, VA Saakyan, R Sanchez, MC and Saoulidou, N Schneps, J Schoessow, PV Schreiner, P and Schwienhorst, R Semenov, VK Seun, SM Shanahan, P Shield, PD Smart, W Smirnitsky, V Smith, C Smith, PN Sousa, A Speakman, B Stamoulis, P Stefanik, A Sullivan, P and Swan, JM Symes, PA Tagg, N Talaga, RL Tetteh-Lartey, E and Thomas, J Thompson, J Thomson, MA Thron, JL and Trendler, R Trevor, J Trostin, I Tsarev, VA Tzanakos, G and Urheim, J Vahle, P Vakili, M Vaziri, K Velissaris, C and Verebryusov, V Viren, B Wai, L Ward, CP Ward, DR and Watabe, M Weber, A Webb, RC Wehmann, A West, N and White, C White, RF Wojcicki, SG Wright, DM Wu, QK and Yan, WG Yang, T Yumiceva, FX Yun, JC Zheng, H Zois, M Zwaska, R MMINOS Collaboration

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

The complete 5.4 kton MINOS far detector has been taking data since the beginning of August 2003 at a depth of 2070 meters water-equivalent in the Soudan mine, Minnesota. This paper presents the first MINOS observations of nu(mu) and (nu) over bar (mu) charged-current atmospheric neutrino interactions based on an exposure of 418 days. The ratio of upward- to downward-going events in the data is compared to the Monte Carlo expectation in the absence of neutrino oscillations, giving R-up/down(data)/R-up/down(MC)=0.62(-0.14)(+0.19)(stat.)+/- 0.02(sys.). An extended maximum likelihood analysis of the observed L/E distributions excludes the null hypothesis of no neutrino oscillations at the 98% confidence level. Using the curvature of the observed muons in the 1.3 T MINOS magnetic field nu(mu) and (nu) over bar (mu) interactions are separated. The ratio of (nu) over bar (mu) to nu(mu) events in the data is compared to the Monte Carlo expectation assuming neutrinos and antineutrinos oscillate in the same manner, giving R-(nu) over bar mu/nu(data)(mu)/R-(nu) over bar mu/nu(MC)(mu)=0.96(-0.27)(+0.38)(stat.)+/- 0.15(sys.), where the errors are the statistical and systematic uncertainties. Although the statistics are limited, this is the first direct observation of atmospheric neutrino interactions separately for nu(mu) and (nu) over bar (mu).

Published
2006

5. First observations of separated atmospheric vμ and v̄μ events in the MINOS detector

Author

Adamson, P, Alexopoulos, T, Allison, WWM, Alner, GJ, Andersen, K, Andreopoulos, C, Andrews, M, Andrews, R, Arroyo, C, Avvakumov, S, Ayres, DS, Baller, B, Barish, B, Barker, MA, Barnes Jr, PD, Barr, G, Barrett, WL, Beall, E, Becker, BR, Belias, A, Bergfeld, T, Bernstein, RH, Bhattacharya, D, Bishai, M, Blake, A, Bocean, V, Bock, B, Bock, GJ, Boehm, J, Boehnlein, DJ, Bogert, D, Border, PM, Bower, C, Boyd, S, Buckley-Geer, E, Byon-Wagner, A, Cabrera, A, Chapman, JD, Chase, TR, Chernichenko, SK, Childress, S, Choudhary, BC, Cobb, JH, Cossairt, JD, Courant, H, Crane, DA, Culling, AJ, Dawson, JW, DeMuth, DM, De Santo, A, Dierckxsens, M, Diwan, MV, Dorman, M, Drake, G, Ducar, R, Durkin, T, Erwin, AR, Escobar, CO, Evans, J, Fackler, OD, Falk Harris, E, Feldman, GJ, Felt, N, Fields, TH, Ford, R, Frohne, MV, Gallagher, HR, Gebhard, M, Godley, A, Gogos, J, Goodman, MC, Gornushkin, Y, Gouffon, P, Grashorn, E, Grossman, N, Grudzinski, JJ, Grzelak, K, Guarino, V, Habig, A, Halsall, R, Hanson, J, Harris, D, Harris, PG, Hartnell, J, Hartouni, EP, Hatcher, R, Heller, K, Hill, N, Ho, Y, Howcroft, C, Hylen, J, Ignatenko, M, Indurthy, D, Irwin, GM, James, C, Jenner, L, Jensen, D, Joffe-Minor, T, and Kafka, T

Published
2006

6. Measurement of the L/E distributions of atmospheric nu in Soudan 2 and their interpretation as neutrino oscillations

Author

Sanchez, M, Allison, WWM, Alner, GJ, Ayres, DS, Barrett, WL, Border, PM, Cobb, JH, Cockerill, DJA, Courant, H, Demuth, DM, Fields, TH, Gallagher, HR, Goodman, MC, Joffe-Minor, T, Kafka, T, Kasahara, SMS, Litchfield, PJ, Mann, WA, Marshak, ML, Milburn, RH, Miller, WH, Mualem, L, Nelson, JK, Napier, A, Oliver, WP, Pearce, GF, Peterson, EA, Petyt, DA, Ruddick, K, Schneps, J, Sousa, A, Speakman, B, Thron, JL, and West, N

Abstract

A deficit of atmospheric νμ events, consistent with the hypothesis of neutrino oscillations, is observed in the 5.90 kiloton-year fiducial exposure of the Soudan 2 detector. An unbinned maximum likelihood analysis of the neutrino LIE distribution has been carried out using the Feldman-Cousins prescription. The probability of the no oscillation hypothesis is 5.8×10-4. The 90% confidence allowed region in the sin 22θ,Δm2 plane is presented. The region includes the 90% confidence allowed region of the Super-K experiment. © 2003 The American Physical Society.

Published
2003

7. Search for nucleon decay with final states l(+) eta(0), (nu)over-bar eta(0), and (nu)over-bar pi(+,0) using Soudan 2

Author

Wall, D, Allison, WWM, Alner, GJ, Ayres, DS, Barrett, WL, Bode, C, Border, PM, Cobb, JH, Cotton, R, Courant, H, Chung, J, Demuth, DM, Fields, TH, Gallagher, HR, Goodman, MC, Gran, R, Joffe-Minor, T, Kafka, T, Kasahara, SMS, Leeson, W, Litchfield, PJ, Mann, WA, Marshak, ML, Milburn, RH, Miller, WH, Mualem, L, Napier, A, Oliver, WP, Pearce, GF, Peterson, EA, Petyt, DA, Price, LE, Ruddick, K, Sanchez, M, Schneps, J, Stassinakis, A, Thron, JL, Wakely, SP, and West, N

Published
2000

8. Search for nucleon decay with final states l+η0, ν̄η0, and ν̄π+,0 using Soudan 2

Author

Wall, D, Allison, WWM, Alner, GJ, Ayres, DS, Barrett, WL, Bode, C, Border, PM, Cobb, JH, Cotton, R, Courant, H, Chung, J, Demuth, DM, Fields, TH, Gallagher, HR, Goodman, MC, Gran, R, Joffe-Minor, T, Kafka, T, Kasahara, SMS, Leeson, W, Litchfield, PJ, Mann, WA, Marshak, ML, Milburn, RH, Miller, WH, Mualem, L, Napier, A, Oliver, WP, Pearce, GF, Peterson, EA, Petyt, DA, Price, LE, Ruddick, K, Sanchez, M, Schneps, J, Stassinakis, A, Thron, JL, Wakely, SP, and West, N

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

We have searched for nucleon decay into five two-body final states using a 4.4 kiloton-year fiducial exposure of the Soudan 2 iron tracking calorimeter. For proton decay into the fully visible final states μ+η0 and e+η0, we observe zero and one event, respectively, that satisfy our search criteria for nucleon decay. The lifetime lower limits (τ/B) thus implied are 89×1030 years and 81×1030 years at 90% confidence level. For neutron decay into ν̄η0, we obtain the lifetime lower limit 71×1030 years. Limits are also reported for neutron decay into ν̄π0, and for proton decay into ν̄π+. ©2000 The American Physical Society.

Published
2000

9. Search for nucleon decay into lepton+K-0 final states using Soudan 2

Author

Wall, D, Allison, WWM, Alner, GJ, Ayres, DS, Barrett, WL, Bode, C, Border, PM, Brooks, CB, Cobb, JH, Cotton, R, Courant, H, Demuth, DM, Fields, TH, Gallagher, HR, Garcia-Garcia, C, Goodman, MC, Gran, R, Joffe-Minor, T, Kafka, T, Kasahara, SMS, Leeson, W, Litchfield, PJ, Longley, NP, Mann, WA, Marshak, ML, Milburn, RH, Miller, WH, Mualem, L, Napier, A, Oliver, WP, Pearce, GF, Peterson, EA, Petyt, DA, Price, LE, Ruddick, K, Sanchez, M, Schneps, J, Schub, MH, Seidlein, R, Stassinakis, A, Tom, H, Thron, JL, Villaume, G, Wakely, SP, and West, N

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

A search for nucleon decay into two-body final states containing K0 mesons has been conducted using the 963 metric ton Soudan 2 iron tracking calorimeter. The topologies, ionizations, and kinematics of contained events recorded in a 5.52 kiloton-year total exposure (4.41 kton-year fiducial volume exposure) are examined for compatibility with nucleon decays in an iron medium. For proton decay into the fully visible final states μ+KS0 and e+KS0, zero and one event candidates are observed respectively. The lifetime lower limits (τ/B) thus implied are 1.5×1032 yr and 1.2×1032 yr, respectively. Lifetime lower limits are also reported for proton decay into l+K10, and for neutron decay into vKS0. ©2000 The American Physical Society.

Published
2000

10. Observation of muon neutrino disappearance with the MINOS detectors in the NuMI neutrino beam.

Author

Michael DG, Adamson P, Alexopoulos T, Allison WW, Alner GJ, Anderson K, Andreopoulos C, Andrews M, Andrews R, Arms KE, Armstrong R, Arroyo C, Auty DJ, Avvakumov S, Ayres DS, Baller B, Barish B, Barker MA, Barnes PD Jr, Barr G, Barrett WL, Beall E, Becker BR, Belias A, Bergfeld T, Bernstein RH, Bhattacharya D, Bishai M, Blake A, Bocean V, Bock B, Bock GJ, Boehm J, Boehnlein DJ, Bogert D, Border PM, Bower C, Boyd S, Buckley-Geer E, Bungau C, Byon-Wagner A, Cabrera A, Chapman JD, Chase TR, Cherdack D, Chernichenko SK, Childress S, Choudhary BC, Cobb JH, Cossairt JD, Courant H, Crane DA, Culling AJ, Dawson JW, de Jong JK, DeMuth DM, De Santo A, Dierckxsens M, Diwan MV, Dorman M, Drake G, Drakoulakos D, Ducar R, Durkin T, Erwin AR, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Fackler OD, Falk Harris E, Feldman GJ, Felt N, Fields TH, Ford R, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Gebhard M, Giurgiu GA, Godley A, Gogos J, Goodman MC, Gornushkin Y, Gouffon P, Gran R, Grashorn E, Grossman N, Grudzinski JJ, Grzelak K, Guarino V, Habig A, Halsall R, Hanson J, Harris D, Harris PG, Hartnell J, Hartouni EP, Hatcher R, Heller K, Hill N, Ho Y, Holin A, Howcroft C, Hylen J, Ignatenko M, Indurthy D, Irwin GM, Ishitsuka M, Jaffe DE, James C, Jenner L, Jensen D, Joffe-Minor T, Kafka T, Kang HJ, Kasahara SM, Kilmer J, Kim H, Kim MS, Koizumi G, Kopp S, Kordosky M, Koskinen DJ, Kostin M, Kotelnikov SK, Krakauer DA, Kreymer A, Kumaratunga S, Ladran AS, Lang K, Laughton C, Lebedev A, Lee R, Lee WY, Libkind MA, Ling J, Liu J, Litchfield PJ, Litchfield RP, Longley NP, Lucas P, Luebke W, Madani S, Maher E, Makeev V, Mann WA, Marchionni A, Marino AD, Marshak ML, Marshall JS, Mayer N, McDonald J, McGowan AM, Meier JR, Merzon GI, Messier MD, Milburn RH, Miller JL, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Mislivec A, Miyagawa PS, Moore CD, Morfín J, Morse R, Mualem L, Mufson S, Murgia S, Murtagh MJ, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson C, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nezrick F, Nichol RJ, Nicholls TC, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Oliver J, Oliver WP, Onuchin VA, Osiecki T, Ospanov R, Paley J, Paolone V, Para A, Patzak T, Pavlović Z, Pearce GF, Pearson N, Peck CW, Perry C, Peterson EA, Petyt DA, Ping H, Piteira R, Pittam R, Pla-Dalmau A, Plunkett RK, Price LE, Proga M, Pushka DR, Rahman D, Rameika RA, Raufer TM, Read AL, Rebel B, Reichenbacher J, Reyna DE, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Ruddick K, Ryabov VA, Saakyan R, Sanchez MC, Saoulidou N, Schneps J, Schoessow PV, Schreiner P, Schwienhorst R, Semenov VK, Seun SM, Shanahan P, Shield PD, Smart W, Smirnitsky V, Smith C, Smith PN, Sousa A, Speakman B, Stamoulis P, Stefanik A, Sullivan P, Swan JM, Symes PA, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Terekhov A, Tetteh-Lartey E, Thomas J, Thompson J, Thomson MA, Thron JL, Tinti G, Trendler R, Trevor J, Trostin I, Tsarev VA, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Vakili M, Vaziri K, Velissaris C, Verebryusov V, Viren B, Wai L, Ward CP, Ward DR, Watabe M, Weber A, Webb RC, Wehmann A, West N, White C, White RF, Wojcicki SG, Wright DM, Wu QK, Yan WG, Yang T, Yumiceva FX, Yun JC, Zheng H, Zois M, and Zwaska R

Abstract

This Letter reports results from the MINOS experiment based on its initial exposure to neutrinos from the Fermilab NuMI beam. The rates and energy spectra of charged current nu(mu) interactions are compared in two detectors located along the beam axis at distances of 1 and 735 km. With 1.27 x 10(20) 120 GeV protons incident on the NuMI target, 215 events with energies below 30 GeV are observed at the Far Detector, compared to an expectation of 336+/-14 events. The data are consistent with nu(mu) disappearance via oscillations with |Delta(m)2/32|=2.74 +0.44/-0.26 x10(-3)eV(2) and sin(2)(2theta(23))>0.87 (68% C.L.).

Published
2006
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11. Ultrahigh energy cosmic ray composition from surface air shower and underground muon measurements at Soudan 2.

Author

Longley NP, Bode CR, Border PM, Courant H, DeMuth DM, Gray RN, Johns K, Kasahara SM, Lowe MJ, Marshak ML, Miller WH, Mualem L, Peterson EA, Roback DM, Ruddick K, Schmid DJ, Schub MH, Shupe MA, Vassiliev V V, Villaume G, Werkema SJ, Ayres DS, Fields TH, Gallagher HM, Goodman MC, Lopez FV, May EN, Price LE, Seidlein RV, Thron JL, Trost H, Uretsky JL, Allison WW, Barr GD, Brooks CB, Cobb JH, Giller GL, Stassinakis A, Thomson MA, West N, Wielgosz U, Alner GJ, Cockerill DJ, Cotton RJ, Garcia-Garcia C, Litchfield PJ, Pearce GF, Ewen B, Kafka T, Kochocki J, Leeson W, Mann WA, Milburn RH, Napier A, Oliver W, Saitta B, Schneps J, Sundaralingam N, and Barrett WL

Published
1995
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12. Search for magnetic monopoles with the Soudan 2 detector.

Author

Thron JL, Allison WW, Alner GJ, Ambats I I, Ayres DS, Balka LJ, Barr GD, Barrett WL, Benjamin D, Border PM, Brooks CB, Cobb JH, Cockerill DJ, Courant H, Dawson JW, Demuth DM, Edwards VW, Ewen B, Fields TH, Garcia-Garcia C, Giles RH, Giller GL, Goodman MC, Gray RN, Heilig SJ, Hill N, Hoftiezer JH, Jankowski DJ, Johns K, Kafka T, Kasahara SM, Kochocki J, Leeson W, Litchfield PJ, Longley NP, Lopez FV, Lowe MJ, Mann WA, Marshak ML, May EN, Maxam D, McMaster L, Milburn RH, Miller WH, Minor CP, Napier A, Oliver WP, Pearce GF, Perkins DH, Peterson EA, Price LE, Roback DM, Rosen DB, Ruddick K, Saitta B, Schmid DJ, Schlereth J, Schneps J, Shield PD, Shupe MA, Sundaralingam N, Thomson MA, Tupper LM, and Villaume G

Published
1992
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13. Study of muons from the direction of Cygnus X-3 using an underground proportional-tube array.

Author

Kochocki JA, Allison WW, Alner GJ, Ambats I I, Ayres DS, Balka LJ, Barr GD, Barrett WL, Benjamin D, Border P, Brooks CB, Cobb JH, Cockerill DJ, Coover K, Courant H, Dahlin B, DasGupta U, Dawson JW, Edwards VW, Fields TH, Kirby-Gallagher LM, Garcia-Garcia C, Giles RH, Goodman MC, Heller K, Heppelman S, Hill N, Hoftiezer JH, Jankowski DJ, Johns K, Joyce T, Kafka T, Litchfield PJ, Lopez FV, Lowe M, Mann WA, Marshak ML, May EN, McMaster L, Milburn RH, Miller W, Napier A, Oliver WP, Pearce GF, Perkins DH, Peterson EA, Price LE, Roback D, Rosen DB, Ruddick K, Saitta B, Schlereth JL, Schmid D, Schneps J, Shield PD, Shupe M, Sundaralingam N, Thomson MA, Thron JL, Werkema S, and West N

Published
1990
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