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Recent advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology have revolutionized the medical field, particularly in the treatment and prevention of disease. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered one of the best supreme and most important nanomaterials with a variety of compulsive nanomaterial having diverse array of multifunctional bioapplications. The current study focuses on the green biosynthesis of AgNPs using polysaccharides extracted from Olea europaea leaves. The synthesized AgNPs were thoroughly analyzed and characterized using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques including, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The absorption peak at 440 nm showed a high plasmon resonance band, confirming the formation of green AgNPs by the reduction of Ag+ ions to Ag0. FTIR analysis showed the appearance and extension of different functional groups. The results of EDX and SEM confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs with spherical shape, crystalline structure, and an average size of 64.42 nm. The biosynthesized AgNPs possessed improved antimicrobial activities, indicating the importance of biosynthesized NPs in the pharmaceutical industry. In addition, the biosynthesized AgNPs were biocompatible and exhibited anti-inflammatory activity (86.29%), almost similar to that of a standard drug (87.78%) at a concentration of 500 µL/mL. The polysaccharides obtained from O. europaea could be considered as effective reducing agent, leading to an environmentally friendly synthesis of stable and biologically important AgNPs with a wide range of applications.

Background: The relationship between chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection and natural killer (NK) cell dysfunction is well-established, but the specific role of HBV viral antigens in driving NK cell impairment in patients with CHB remains unclear. This study investigates the modulatory effects of hepatitis B virus subviral particles (HBVsvp, a representative model for HBsAg) on the phenotypic regulation (activating and inhibitory receptors), cytokine production and cytotoxic potential of peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived natural killer cells (PBMCs-derived NK cell), which contributes to NK cell dysfunction in CHB infection, potentially serving as an effective HBV immune evasion strategy by the virus. Methods: NK cells were isolated from peripheral blood of patients with CHB (n=5) and healthy individuals (n=5), stimulated with HBVsvp. Subsequent flow cytometric characterization involved assessing changes in activating (NKp46 and NKG2D) and inhibitory (CD94) receptors expression, quantifying TNF-α and IFN-δ cytokine secretion, and evaluating the cytotoxic response against HepG2.2.15 cells with subsequent HBVsvp quantification. Results: In CHB patients, in vitro exposure of PBMCs-derived NK cell with HBVsvp (represent HBsAg model) significantly reduced NK cell-activating receptors expression (P = 0.022), increased expression of CD94 + NK cells (p = 0.029), accompanied with a reduced TNF-α-IFN-γ cytokine levels, and impaired cytotoxic capacity (evidenced by increased cell proliferation and elevated HBVsvp levels in co-cultures with HepG2.2.15 cells in a time-dependent), relative to healthy donors. Conclusion: These findings suggest that HBVsvp may induce dysfunctional NK cell responses characterized by phenotypic imbalance with subsequent reduction in cytokine and cytotoxic levels, indicating HBVsvp immunosuppressive effect that compromises antiviral defense in CHB patients. These data enhance our understanding of NK cell interactions with HBsAg and highlight the potential for targeting CD94 inhibitory receptors to restore NK cell function as an immunotherapeutic approach. Further clinical research is needed to validate these observations and establish their utility as reliable biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our aim is to establish a more efficient and reliable method for the bio-fabrication of pure SnO2 and SnO2-doped graphene oxide nanocomposites through a green chelating agent called Moringa Oleifera extract by sol-gel method. A sintered SnO2-doped GO nanocomposite exhibited increased crystallinity and size with increasing temperature, as determined by XRD studies. An FTIR investigation shows that the SnO2-doped GO nanocomposite exhibits two distinct bands at 733 cm−1 and 438 cm−1 due to terminal oxygen vibrations, while samples treated with G-O-Sn-O exhibit bands at 733 cm−1 due to antisymmetric stretching. By increasing the SnO2 peak, SnO2 nanoparticle sizes decrease, which results in a broadened GO, as well as a reduced IR intensity. By SEM and EDAX, the size and morphology of SnO2-doped GO nanocomposites were clearly observed. It was calculated that the optical bandgap of SnO2-doped GO nanostructures is 4.48 eV. It has been demonstrated that SnO2-doped GO nanocomposite can be used as an organic photocatalyst against organic pollutants methyl orange (MO) dye; despite its fast charge recombination when illuminated with visible light, these findings have been reported in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N6-methyladenosine methylation (m6A) is a common type of epigenetic alteration that prominently affects the prognosis of tumor patients. However, it is unknown how the m6A regulator affects the tumor microenvironment (TME) cell infiltration in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and how it affects the prognosis of ACC patients yet. The m6A alteration patterns of 112 ACC patients were evaluated, furthermore, the association with immune infiltration cell features was investigated. The unsupervised clustering method was applied to typify the m6A alteration patterns of ACC patients. The principal component analysis (PCA) technique was taken to create the m6A score to assess the alteration pattern in specific malignancies. We found two independent patterns of m6A alteration in ACC patients. The TME cell infiltration features were significantly in accordance with phenotypes of tumor immune-inflamed and immune desert in both patterns. The m6Ascore also served as an independent predictive factor in ACC patients. The somatic copy number variation (CNV) and patients prognosis can be predicted by m6A alteration patterns. Moreover, the ACC patients with high m6A scores had better overall survival (OS) and higher efficiency in immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Our work demonstrated the significance of m6A alteration to the ACC patients immunotherapy. The individual m6A alteration patterns analysis might contribute to ACC patients prognosis prediction and immunotherapy choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypercholesterolemia is a condition with elevated cholesterol and lipid profile. It is the leading reason behind myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease. It is observed in young people as well due to a sedentary lifestyle. Triphala powder has a hypolipidemic and anti-hypercholesterolemia effect. This study was designed to investigate the effect of triphala powder against hypercholesterolemia. This study also examined Triphala powder's chemical composition. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were examined. Encapsulated 400 mg and 600 mg Triphala powder were given to treatment groups I and II. Lipid profile parameters were measured and compared at 0 weeks and 10th weeks in all groups. All results were analyzed using ANOVA in IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Results of proximate analyses have shown that Okra pod powder contains moisture 12.27%, ash 11.25%, nitrogen-free extract 45.93%, crude protein 13.37%, crude fat 2.95%, and crude fiber 14.23%. Mineral analysis showed that iron and manganese are major minerals in triphala powder. Triphala powder showed a significant reduction in lipid profile parameters in hypercholesterolemia. All results are taken significantly at p<0.05. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperglycemia is a condition often observed in diabetics, dyslipidemia and obese. It is a major factor behind the development of diabetes and the reasons can be genetics, environmental factors, dietary choices, and obesity. Many medicinal plants have anti-diabetic potential. This study investigated the anti-hyperglycemic effect of apple peel extract. This study also investigated the chemical characterization of apple peel. Phytochemicals including total phenolics and flavonoids were determined. Encapsulated 350mg/day was given to treatment groups. Random blood sugar, fasting blood sugar and HbA1c of 45 diabetic female adults was measured on the 0-day and 45th day. Results showed that apple peel contained moisture (14.71±3.57)%, ash (17.82±2.13)%, nitrogen free extract (32.12±3.52)%, crude protein (6.89±0.83)%, crude fiber (19.17±0.21)% and crude fat (9.91±2.31)%. Findings showed that apple peel contains magnesium (6.61±1.088), calcium (8.17±0.32), zinc (14.08±1.21) and potassium (67.21±1.86). These findings were shown in mg in kg. Apple peel extract contained total phenolic content (TPC) of 8.14±1.07 and total phenolic content (TFC) of 4.89±1.81. Apple peel extract showed a significant reduction in all blood parameters of hyperglycemia. All results were significant at p<0.05. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citrus sinensis is an important member of the genus Citrus which contains phenolic compounds and bioflavonoids which have antihyperlipidemic and antiatherogenic effects. It also has the potential to reduce oxidative stress. To investigate the antihyperlipidemic effect of orange peel powder was encapsulated and analyzed in hyperlipidemic patients. Results showed that it contains moisture (12.2%), ash content (7.9%), crude fat (0.78%), crude protein (12.37%) and crude fiber (13.2%). Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were observed as 163.17 mg and 17.23mg in quercetin equivalent per gram a dry weight basis. Furthermore, the Orange peel powder was given in the form of medicinal capsules to hyperlipidemia male subjects. The experimental groups (G1 and G2) were given orange peel powder in capsules 400mg/d to the G1 group and 800mg/d to the G2 group for the time of 45 days. The serum lipid profile of patients was measured before and after the experimental trial. The result showed that G1 and G2 showed a decrease in plasma lipid parameters and increased high-density lipoprotein content in blood substantially as compared to G0. Thus, it was concluded from the results that orange peel powder depicts a significant impact on treating hyperlipidemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. It is spreading around the globe like a pandemic. Major factors behind the development of diabetes can be genetics, environmental factors, dietary choices and obesity. Many medicinal plants have anti-diabetic potential. This study has investigated the anti-diabetic effect of curry leaves extract. This study also investigated the chemical characterization of curry leaves. Phytochemicals including saponins, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and glycosides were also investigated. Encapsulated 5mg per kg of the body weight and 10mg per kg of the body weight were given to treatment groups I and II. Random blood sugar, fasting blood sugar, and HbA1c of 45 diabetic female adults were measured on the 0-day and 45th days. All results were analyzed using the two-sample t-test in IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Curry leaves contained moisture (24.1±1.78)%, ash (17.82±2.13)%, nitrogen free extract (36.12±3.52)%, crude protein (8.32±0.83)%, crude fiber (6.98±2.31)% and crude fat (6.87±0.21)%. Mineral analysis showed that magnesium and calcium were major minerals present in curry leaves. Curry leaves extract contained saponins 2.71±0.23, flavonoids 7.84±0.42, tannins 0.91±0.09, glycosides 0.17±0.01, phenols 3.89±0.12, alkaloids 2.01±0.87. These phytochemicals were expressed in mg/100 g of the sample. Curry leaf extract showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in fasting blood sugar, random blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin in both treatment groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A wide range of nanoparticles have been produced for photocatalysis applications. Nonetheless, degrading organic dyes requires nanoparticles that are efficient and excellent. As a photocatalyst, pure manganese oxide (MnO2) was prepared via a sol–gel method using silver (Ag) nanoparticles of transition metal oxide. In addition to X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), the crystal structure and elemental composition were analysed. According to XRD data, the transition metal of MnO2 oxide is highly pure and has a small crystallite size. The presence of functional groups was confirmed and clarified using Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR). By irradiating the transition pure and doped MnO2 photocatalysts with visible light, the UV-vis, μ-Raman, and surface areas were determined. As a result, of using the photocatalysts with aqueous methylene blue (MB) solutions under visible light irradiation, the MnO2 doped with Ag nanoparticles demonstrated high degradation efficiencies and were utilised to establish heterogeneous photocatalysis dominance. In this paper, we demonstrate that the photocatalytic efficiency of transition metal oxides is exclusively determined by the particle size and surface area of nano-sized materials. Due to their high surface charge ratio and different surface orientations, have the highest photocatalytic efficiency. Generally, MnO2 doped with Ag nanoparticles is resistant to bacteria of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative types (B. sublittus and Escherichia coli). There is still a need for more research to be performed on reducing the toxicity of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles so that they can be used as an effective alternative to antibiotics and disinfectants, particularly for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elevated uric acid levels are termed uricemia. Uric acid is the end product of protein or more specifically purine metabolism. Many medicinal and naturally existing remedies are used to reduce elevated uric acid levels. Goldenseal root is an important medicinal plant used by native Americans. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of goldenseal powder against hyperuricemia. In this study, sixty females with elevated uric acid levels were enrolled and were divided into three groups; control group (Go) and treatment group G1 and G2. Treatment groups were given different doses of goldenseal root powder. Serum uric acid levels were measured before and after the trial. Chemical characterization and phytochemical analysis were also performed. 23.87±1.24% moisture is present in goldenseal root powder. 12.62±0.13% ash is present in goldenseal root while 22.81±0.09% of carbohydrates were present in goldenseal root. 12.89±0.08%, 12.72±0.57%, and 15.61±0.02% of crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber are present in goldenseal root powder. Goldenseal root powder carried a significant amount of TPC and TFC depicted in fig. 1. Total phenolic content (TPC) was 514.27±0.02 ug GAE/ ml and total flavonoid content (TFC) was 334.87±0.11 ug CE/ml. Two sample t-tests showed a significant reduction in uric acid levels when goldenseal root powder was given to subjects. All data was taken significantly at p<0.05. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is rising. This study investigated the molecular mechanism of CSCC and screened genes that could serve as biomarkers, providing a theoretical framework for pathogenesis and drug development research. We examined differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal tissue specimens and CSCC patient tissues using microarray data analysis.. Also, signal pathway and functional enrichment analysis were employed for target genes to rule out the specific genes that display close association with CSCC with the potential to serve as unique CSCC biomarkers. Two datasets GSE66359 and GSE45216 were used in the differential expression analysis. Results revealed the upregulation of potential candidate genes like P13, MMP1, A100A12, and KRT16 while downregulation of rf132, EGR3, PAMR1, LRP4, and KRT2. Verifying these genes demonstrated that KRT16 and EGR3 had obvious differential expression patterns. Further analyses showed that EGR3 was the only gene that exhibited a similar differential pattern in CSCC. Thus, we infer that EGR3 is closely related to the occurrence and development of CSCC, and it has the potential to function as the candidate biomarker gene against CSCC and facilitate subsequent diagnosis and treatment in clinical management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]