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Hend M Al-Atif,1 Abdulrhman Mohammed Alqarni,2 Abdularhman Abdullah Almuntashiri,2 Ali Saad Almuntashiri,2 Maram Ahmed Almarhabi2 1Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 2Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Al Qunfudhah Medical College, Makkah, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Hend M Al-Atif, Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Email hotaif@kku.edu.saPurpose: Facial cosmetic procedures, known for their rising popularity, frequently yield high patient satisfaction. However, certain patient characteristics may influence this satisfaction. Additionally, patients’ satisfaction can affect their attitudes and preferences toward these procedures and recommendations to others. Our study aimed to assess post-procedure satisfaction among individuals who have undergone cosmetic facial filling procedures at dermatology clinics.Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study targeted the Saudi population who had undergone cosmetic facial filling procedures, excluding individuals under 18, those with a history of mental health disorders, or invasive surgical procedures, as well as those unable or unwilling to provide informed consent. Data were collected using a comprehensive questionnaire covering demographics, procedure details, satisfaction, and future plans. A 5-point Likert scale was used to assess self-perception and satisfaction. The questionnaire was developed after expert consultation and a literature review, with overall satisfaction calculated as the mean of all items.Results: In this study of 408 participants in Saudi Arabia, predominantly young, unmarried females, high satisfaction levels were observed following cosmetic facial filling procedures, with a mean score of 3.9 for procedure results and 3.8 for meeting expectations. Most participants were Saudi nationals (97.8%), aged below 25 (41.7%), and held Bachelor’s degrees (80.6%), with a majority being females (87.7%). Notably, factors significantly affecting overall satisfaction included gender (p = 0.001), marital status (p = 0.023), income (p = 0.031), procedure duration (p = 0.003), and procedure type (p = 0.046). These findings offer crucial insights for enhancing patient experiences and outcomes in cosmetic facial filling procedures.Conclusion: This study unveiled substantial self-satisfaction levels, particularly regarding appearance and social well-being, emphasizing the significance of informative pre-procedure guidance, while gender, marital status, income, procedure duration, and type significantly impacted satisfaction. Healthcare providers must heed these factors to enhance patient contentment and overall procedure success.Keywords: cosmetic procedures, patient satisfaction, noninvasive procedures, Saudi Arabia, self-esteem

Ruwaida Z Alshali,1 Ruba M Mustafa,2 Dalea M Bukhary,1 Abdulaziz A Almuntashiri,3 Zuhair K Alshamrani,4 Omar M Albalushi4 1Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 3King Abdulaziz Hospital-Makkah, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Ruwaida Z Alshali, Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966126400000, Fax +966126952473, Email ralshali@kau.edu.saPurpose: The long-term success of any organization is highly dependent on client satisfaction. This applies to the medical and dental fields, where patient satisfaction is considered an indirect indicator of the quality of service provided. This study aimed to assess the level of satisfaction of patients treated by final-year undergraduate students at King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital (KAUDH).Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, an online questionnaire was distributed to patients (aged ≥ 14 years) treated at KAUDH by sixth year students during the academic year 2020/2021. The questionnaire comprised 36 items, including demographic and general data, type of dental problems, type of dental treatment received, and satisfaction assessment based on the Dental Satisfaction Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and independent sample t-tests (α=0.05).Results: A total of 203 responses were received (58% response rate). The reliability of the satisfaction tool (Cronbach’s alpha) was 0.88, indicating a high reliability. The overall satisfaction level was 80.1% (± 14.2). The satisfaction levels related to pain management, quality of care, and access to care were 76.4% (± 19.9), 86.2% (± 17.1), and 77.5% (± 16.5) respectively. The highest satisfaction level (91.5%) was related to the quality item “The student was always treating me with respect”. Age, number of visits, length of treatment, case severity, and treatment complexity were not significantly correlated with patient satisfaction (p ≥ 0.116). New patients who had their files directly opened by a sixth-year student and were treated immediately were more satisfied than patients who already had files at KAUDH and were referred to sixth-year students for treatment (p=0.029).Conclusion: Patients treated by final-year students at KAUDH showed high satisfaction levels in relation to pain management, treatment quality, and access. However, the satisfaction of existing old patients was lower than that of new patients, which warrants further assessment, particularly regarding the hospital referral system.Keywords: dental, institution, patient, satisfaction, student, undergraduate

Background: The effects of weather on the severity of menstrual symptoms have been a topic of interest and research for many years. While some studies have shown a correlation between weather conditions and increased severity of menstrual symptoms, others have found no significant relationship., Objective: The current study aimed to assess the effects of weather on the severity of menstrual symptoms among women going to college and high school in the southern regions of Saudi Arabia., Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted targeting all women going to college and high school in southern regions of Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire was used for data collection. The data were entered and analyzed in IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY), and stored with no attempts to identify the participants., Results: The study included 484 participants; most of them were 20-30 years old; 64.5% had regular menstrual cycles. It was observed that mood fluctuations, bloating, difficulty concentrating, breast pain, irritability, anxiety, social isolation, feeling tired, headaches, and mood changes are all affected to some degree before and during menstruation. On the other hand, the amount of blood, duration of the course, physical activity during menstruation, nutritional habits, lower back pain, and sleep disorders showed varying percentages of impact. These findings provide valuable insights into the physiological and psychological changes that occur during the menstrual cycle., Conclusion: In conclusion, the relationship between weather and the severity of menstrual symptoms is a complex and multifaceted topic. While some women may perceive a correlation between certain weather conditions and an increase in symptom severity, the scientific evidence in support of this connection is still limited and inconclusive. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and to provide evidence-based recommendations for managing menstrual symptoms in relation to weather conditions., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. The Research Ethics Committee of King Khalid University (HAPO-06-B-001) issued approval ECM#2023-3242. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Saeed Alqahtani et al.)

Background: The prevalence and consequences of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) among Saudi women are not well understood. Consequently, the purpose of this research is to ascertain the frequency, course, and contributing factors of PMDD and PMS in the Asir area of Saudi Arabia., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Asir, Saudi Arabia, using a pre-designed questionnaire distributed among adult female patients to five primary healthcare facilities (PHCs) that were chosen at random in the Asir Region. Data were analyzed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 15)., Results: The study included 506 participants; 81% of them were Saudi and 19% were non-Saudi. A percentage (46.2%) of the participants were aged between 21 and 30 years old. A total of 369 (72.9%) participants have PMS. Regarding PMS symptoms, 79.1% reported mood changes, 59.3% tantrums, 56.7% change in appetite, 47% acne, 41.9% back and joint pain, and 43.1% reported sleep disorders. Almost half (42.1%) of the participants receive treatment to relieve the symptoms of PMS (72% of them receive paracetamol and 6.1% receive nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)). Some (6.4%) exercise during the menstrual cycle to relieve symptoms of PMS, while 31% eat healthy foods at the time of period to relieve the symptoms of PMS., Conclusion: The prevalence of PMS/PMDD was among the reported figures worldwide. There was a significant association between age and the use of contraceptives with symptoms of PMS/PMDD among the studied sample., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Research Ethics Committee at King Khalid University issued approval ECM#2023-3242. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Zarfishan et al.)

Background: Lung cancer is currently the most fatal form of cancer worldwide, ranking as the fourth most prevalent type in Saudi Arabia, particularly among males. This trend is expected to increase with growing population, lifestyle changes, and aging population. Understanding the awareness of the Saudi population regarding the risk factors and symptoms of lung cancer is necessary to attenuate the predicted increase in cases., Method: A cross-sectional, population-based survey was performed using a previously validated questionnaire (Lung CAM). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess variables associated with deficiency in knowledge and awareness of risk factors and symptoms of lung cancer., Results: Majority of the 15,099 respondents were male (65%), aged between 18 and 30 years (53%), 50% of which were educated up to a bachelor's degree level. Overall awareness of lung cancer signs and symptoms was 53%, with painful cough and coughing up blood being the best-known symptoms. Conversely, persistent shoulder pain (44%) and clubbing fingers (47%) were the least known lung cancer symptoms. Also, 60% of the respondents showed low confidence in identifying the signs and symptoms of lung cancer. The overall awareness of the risk factors for lung cancer development was 74%, with first-hand (74%) and second-hand (68%) smoking being the most known risk factors. However, only ≤ 62% know the other non-smoking risk factors. Awareness of the risk factors and symptoms of lung cancer depended on age, gender, education, marital and employment status (p < 0.001)., Conclusion: Public awareness of the risk factors and symptoms of lung cancer in Saudi Arabia is inadequate and heavily dependent on education and socio-economic status. Awareness can be improved through campaigns to raise awareness about other lesser-known lung cancer risk factors and symptoms., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 AlRabeeah, Alzahrani, Aldhahir, Siraj, Alqarni, AlDraiwiesh, Alqahtani, Almqati, Alharbi, Almuntashiri, Alghamdi, Aljohani, Almulhim, Alshehri, Naser, Alwafi, Alobaidi, Hjazi, Alsulaimani, Oyelade, Alahmari, Alanazi, Almeshari and Alqahtani.)