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4. Prevalence of Intellectual Disability: A Comprehensive Study Based on National Registers

Author

Westerinen, Hannu, Kaski, M., Virta, L., Almqvist, F., and Iivanainen, M.

Abstract

Background: Based on standard social benefit registers, the prevalence of intellectual disability (ID) in Finland is estimated to be 0.6%, while epidemiological surveys yield 1.1%. Combining several registers, our aim was to find a more reliable estimate of the prevalence of ID, especially among children and adolescents. This is important when special or inclusive general services are planned to meet the various needs of people with ID. Method: A survey based on eight national health and social benefit registers. Results: Combining different registers yielded a mean ID prevalence of 0.70% (95% CI 0.69-0.70%), with marked differences according to sex and age group (range 0.38-0.96%). Capture-recapture analysis gave higher prevalence estimates (range 0.57-1.08%). Conclusions: When several health and social benefit registers are surveyed, the estimated prevalence of ID increases, approaching that obtained in epidemiological surveys.

Published
2007
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5. Risk Factors for Psychiatric Disturbance in Children with Intellectual Disability

Author

Koskentausta, T., Iivanainen, M., and Almqvist, F.

Abstract

Background: Children with intellectual disability (ID) have a higher risk for psychiatric disturbance than their peers with normal intelligence, but research data on risk factors are insufficient and partially conflicting. Method: The subjects comprised 75 children with ID aged 6-13 years. Data were obtained from case files and the following four questionnaires completed by their parents or other carers: Developmental Behaviour Checklist, American Association of Mental Deficiency (AAMD) Adaptive Behavior Scale, a questionnaire on additional disabilities, and a questionnaire on family characteristics and child development. Results: The risk of psychopathology was most significantly increased by moderate ID, limitations in adaptive behaviour, impaired language development, poor socialization, living with one biological parent, and low socio-economic status of the family. Conclusions: The risk of psychopathology in children with ID is increased by factors related to family characteristics and child development. Identifying these factors will help diagnose and possibly prevent psychiatric disorders in these children.

Published
2007
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