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Background: Neuro-ophthalmology (NO) is a subspeciality of Ophthalmology, which represents more than an intersection of Neurology and Ophthalmology. The present report highlights the increasing importance of the subspeciality in Brazil and provides a unique retrospective study of the patient's clinical profile of a NO reference center., Methods: Our study was retrospectively planned aiming to identify all neuro-ophthalmic cases of Instituto de Olhos of the Medical School Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais from August 2013 to March 2022.The first clinical diagnostic impression was selected from a predetermined list of 18 neuro-ophthalmologic conditions. Some NO conditions were eventually reclassified during the follow-up as the final clinical diagnosis impression. The concordance between the first and final clinical impressions was also investigated, as well as the patient's referral source., Results: The sample comprised 903 patients from which 56.4% were female. The mean age was 51.48 ± 20.93 years. Males were more frequent in lower age groups <1 year (n = 3, 100%) and 1-9 years (n = 19/37, 51.4%). An external referral source represented 23.1%, and patients referred after basic ophthalmic consultation and from glaucoma service were 30.3% and 23.2%, respectively. The most encountered first clinical diagnostic impressions were isolated optic atrophy (13.1%), non-neuro-ophthalmic disease (11.7%), optic disc abnormalities (10.4%), ischemic optic neuropathies/retinal vascular occlusions (10.2%), and other visual field defects (9.0%). The kappa concordance coefficient among the first and final clinical diagnostic impressions was 0.53 (95% CI 0.48-0.59), indicating a moderate concordance level. The concordance among the most frequent diagnoses was lower in isolated optic atrophy (33%), other visual field defects (41%), and idiopathic optic neuritis (40%)., Conclusions: Due to the limited number of epidemiology studies in neuro-ophthalmology, we highlight the importance of a NO service in the public health system in Brazil. It may certainly contribute to better strategy plan assistance among professionals and health care managers. This report should seemingly stimulate other studies regarding the relevant and unique features of this subspeciality, which is undoubtedly increasing its importance among patients, and in the scientific community worldwide., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 by North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society.)

Objective: To describe ophthalmic examination and diagnostic values for Schirmer tear test (STT), intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal horizontal diameter (CHD), palpebral fissure length (PFL), fundoscopy, and palpebral conjunctiva microbiota from healthy giant anteaters., Animals Studied: Twelve giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), 11 adults and one juvenile, five males and seven females., Procedures: The animals were submitted to general anesthesia and ophthalmic evaluation with portable slit-lamp biomicroscope, Finoff transilluminator, and fundoscopy, as well as STT, bacterial culture from palpebral conjunctiva, rebound tonometry IOP, and measurement of PFL and CHD. Data compiled were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey tests., Results: The results (mean ± standard deviation) were as follows: STT 8.04 ± 6.21 mm/min; IOP 10.92 ± 2.45 mmHg; PFL 0.75 ± 0.11 cm; CHD 0.96 ± 0.10 cm. Out of the 24 eyes swab samples for bacterial culture, 17 were positive, with three genera of Gram-positive bacteria identified Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus sp., and Corynebacterium sp. Gram-negative bacteria were not isolated from any of the samples., Conclusions: As conservation work in this vulnerable species continues, this report on basic ophthalmic examination and diagnostic parameters will be helpful improve their treatment and care. More ophthalmic studies are encouraged in animals within the Pilosa order., (© 2021 American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists.)

Objective: To describe ocular anatomical features and to determine tear production and tonometry in normal anesthetized ring-tailed coati (Nasua nasua)., Animals: Eight male and seven female ring-tailed coatis (30 eyes) were evaluated, with ages ranging from 7 months to 10 years old., Procedures: The animals were anesthetized with isoflurane and had STT 1, rebound and applanation tonometry, and palpebral fissure length (PFL) measured in both eyes. Rebound tonometry was measured with both TonoVet® and TonoVet Plus®. All eyes were evaluated with slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Following pharmacological mydriasis, direct fundoscopy was performed. ANOVA and Tukey tests were used for the data analysis., Results: There were upper and lower eyelids, as well as a third eyelid. Eyelashes were present on the upper eyelid, while meibomian glands openings were visible on both. The bulbar conjunctiva was pigmented. The pupil was obliquely horizontally ovoid and teardrop shaped when miotic. The color of the iris and tapetum lucidum varied with age. The optic disk was round, and the retina was holangiotic. The mean ± standard deviation values obtained were as follows: STT: 2.50 ± 2.39 mm/min; rebound tonometry: 9.50 ± 2.43 mmHg (TonoVet®, calibration P), 14.60 ± 2.82 mmHg (TonoVet®, calibration D), 18.93 ± 3.99 mmHg (TonoVet Plus®, calibration dog); applanation tonometry: 18.66 ± 4.16 mmHg; PFL: 10.98 ± 1.67 mm., Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Anatomical and clinical ophthalmic data presented in this study are unprecedented for this species. The results can be used as clinical reference parameters, allowing for better care of these species. The lack of data for the Procyonidae family must be regarded as an incentive for more studies., (© 2021 American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists.)

Armed violence is a contemporary phenomenon that has impacted the field of health as an obstacle to some services. With the expansion of Family Health Strategy units in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, family health teams are present in territories with frequent armed conflicts, thus exposing health workers to danger. In order to identify and prevent the risks for family health teams, a strategy called Safer Access was implemented. This study aimed to analyze the effects of the Safer Access strategy on the work process of health professionals in violent territories. An intervention study was conducted with 13 health workers in a family health unit in the west zone of Rio de Janeiro, a territory with great social vulnerability, marked by intense violence. The underlying theoretical and methodological frame of reference was institutional analysis. The methodology drew on institutional social/clinical encounters to provide reflections on the Safer Access strategy, which proved powerful for dealing with armed violence, helping Family Health teams to organize their work processes in order to prevent incidents and improve access to health for the community.

Objective: To describe selected ophthalmic tests and anatomical features of eyes of crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) and maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus)., Animals Studied: Six crab-eating foxes (12 eyes), eight maned wolves (16 eyes)., Procedures: Intramuscular and/or inhalatory anesthesia, ophthalmic evaluation with portable slit-lamp biomicroscope, Schirmer tear test (STT), intraocular pressure measurement with rebound and applanation (crab-eating fox only) tonometers, measurement of palpebral fissure length (PFL), gonioscopy, and fundoscopy. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey's tests., Results: Both species presented upper and lower eyelids, both with eyelashes and Meibomian glands openings. A third eyelid was also present. In partial miosis, pigmented projections were observed along the edge of the pupil. The draining angle was open, with thin pectinate ligaments. The retina was holangiotic. For crab-eating foxes, mean ± standard deviation values were as follows: STT: 4.33 ± 2.96 mm/min; PFL: 17.45 ± 1.55 mm; rebound tonometry: 10.70 ± 3.43 mm Hg (TonoVet ® calibration D),5.66 ± 3.44 mm Hg (TonoVet ® calibration P), 17.00 ± 4.64 mm Hg (TonoVet ® Plus calibration dog); and applanation tonometry: 11.70 ± 5.70 mm Hg(TonoPen ® XL). For maned wolves, the mean ± standard deviation values were as follows: STT: 9.31 ± 7.40 mm/min; PFL: 22.79 ± 1.63 mm; rebound tonometry: 11.00 ± 2.77 mm Hg (TonoVet ® calibration D), 6.78 ± 2.58 mm Hg (TonoVet ® calibration P), and 18.29 ± 3.47 mm Hg(TonoVet ® Plus calibration dog)., Conclusions: This study contributes with knowledge that can help the clinical assessment regarding eyes of crab-eating foxes and maned wolves. The data herein presented for rebound tonometry are new for both species., (© 2020 American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists.)

Objective: to analyze the teaching implications with the pedagogical training in a Technical School of SUS., Method: a qualitative study that has the Institutional Analysis as theoretical and methodological framework, Institutional Socio-Clinical modality, whose data were collected from July 2017 to August 2018, with 07 health professionals., Results: they were presented from two themes: implications of teachers with training: the old Technical School; New directions are evidenced in the implied behavior of teachers: a new Technical School?, Final Considerations: knowing the factors that hinder and facilitate the pedagogical training in health, and especially to clarify how the behaviors instituted opened loopholes for instituting movements present in that setting, revealing the nuances of a new institutionalization, contributed to the collective construction of strategies related to the training of new teachers.

Objectives: to analyze the training of Family Health Strategy health professionals who work in dangerous territories affected by the armed conflict and its consequences in their practice., Methods: a qualitative-intervention research carried out with thirteen health professionals, using as a theoretical-methodological framework the institutional socioclinic., Results: they present and discuss from the analysis of implications of researcher and participants with training, and professional practices and transformations that occurred as intervention work progresses., Final Considerations: learning strategies should incorporate empirical and scientifically proven knowledge. Thus, the spectrum of this knowledge would expand dynamically where the situation of violence in its manifestation of armed conflict is a social and political issue and not just a gap in training.