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1. Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Naghavi, M, Ong, KL, Aali, A, Ababneh, HS, Abate, YH, Abbafati, C, Abbasgholizadeh, R, Abbasian, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd ElHafeez, S, Abdelmasseh, M, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdelwahab, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahifar, M-A, Abdoun, M, Abdulah, DM, Abdullahi, A, Abebe, M, Abebe, SS, Abedi, A, Abegaz, KH, Abhilash, ES, Abidi, H, Abiodun, O, Aboagye, RG, Abolhassani, H, Abolmaali, M, Abouzid, M, Aboye, GB, Abreu, LG, Abrha, WA, Abtahi, D, Abu Rumeileh, S, Abualruz, H, Abubakar, B, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Aburuz, S, Abu-Zaid, A, Accrombessi, MMK, Adal, TG, Adamu, AA, Addo, IY, Addolorato, G, Adebiyi, AO, Adekanmbi, V, Adepoju, AV, Adetunji, CO, Adetunji, JB, Adeyeoluwa, TE, Adeyinka, DA, Adeyomoye, OI, Admass, BAA, Adnani, QES, Adra, S, Afolabi, AA, Afzal, MS, Afzal, S, Agampodi, SB, Agasthi, P, Aggarwal, M, Aghamiri, S, Agide, FD, Agodi, A, Agrawal, A, Agyemang-Duah, W, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, D, Ahmad, F, Ahmad, MM, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadzade, AM, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, LA, Ahmed, MS, Ahmed, MB, Ahmed, SA, Ajami, M, Aji, B, Akara, EM, Akbarialiabad, H, Akinosoglou, K, Akinyemiju, T, Akkaif, MA, Akyirem, S, Al Hamad, H, Al Hasan, SM, Alahdab, F, Alalalmeh, SO, Alalwan, TA, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, M, Alam, N, Al-amer, RM, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Al-Azzam, S, Albakri, A, Albashtawy, M, AlBataineh, MT, Alcalde-Rabanal, JE, Aldawsari, KA, Aldhaleei, WA, Aldridge, RW, Alema, HB, Alemayohu, MA, Alemi, S, Alemu, YM, Al-Gheethi, AAS, Alhabib, KF, Alhalaiqa, FAN, Al-Hanawi, MK, Ali, A, Ali, L, Ali, MU, Ali, R, Ali, S, Ali, SSS, Alicandro, G, Alif, SM, Alikhani, R, Alimohamadi, Y, Aliyi, AA, Aljasir, MAM, Aljunid, SM, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Al-Marwani, S, Al-Maweri, SAA, Almazan, JU, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Almidani, L, Almidani, O, Alomari, MA, Al-Omari, B, Alonso, J, Alqahtani, JS, Alqalyoobi, S, Alqutaibi, AY, Al-Sabah, SK, Altaany, Z, Altaf, A, Al-Tawfiq, JA, Altirkawi, KA, Aluh, DO, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alwafi, H, Al-Worafi, YM, Aly, H, Aly, S, Alzoubi, KH, Amani, R, Amare, AT, Amegbor, PM, Ameyaw, EK, Amin, TT, Amindarolzarbi, A, Amiri, S, Amirzade-Iranaq, MH, Amu, H, Amugsi, DA, Amusa, GA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Anderson, DB, Andrade, PP, Andrei, CL, Andrei, T, Angus, C, Anil, A, Anil, S, Anoushiravani, A, Ansari, H, Ansariadi, A, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antony, CM, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Anvari, S, Anwar, S, Anwar, SL, Anwer, R, Anyasodor, AE, Aqeel, M, Arab, JP, Arabloo, J, Arafat, M, Aravkin, AY, Areda, D, Aremu, A, Aremu, O, Ariffin, H, Arkew, M, Armocida, B, Arndt, MB, Ärnlöv, J, Arooj, M, Artamonov, AA, Arulappan, J, Aruleba, RT, Arumugam, A, Asaad, M, Asadi-Lari, M, Asgedom, AA, Asghariahmadabad, M, Asghari-Jafarabadi, M, Ashraf, M, Aslani, A, Astell-Burt, T, Athar, M, Athari, SS, Atinafu, BTT, Atlaw, HW, Atorkey, P, Atout, MMW, Atreya, A, Aujayeb, A, Ausloos, M, Avan, A, Awedew, AF, Aweke, AM, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Ayatollahi, H, Ayuso-Mateos, JL, Ayyoubzadeh, SM, Azadnajafabad, S, Azevedo, RMS, Azzam, AY, B, DB, Babu, AS, Badar, M, Badiye, AD, Baghdadi, S, Bagheri, N, Bagherieh, S, Bah, S, Bahadorikhalili, S, Bahmanziari, N, Bai, R, Baig, AA, Baker, JL, Bako, AT, Bakshi, RK, Balakrishnan, S, Balasubramanian, M, Baltatu, OC, Bam, K, Banach, M, Bandyopadhyay, S, Banik, PC, Bansal, H, Bansal, K, Barbic, F, Barchitta, M, Bardhan, M, Bardideh, E, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, TW, Barone-Adesi, F, Barqawi, HJ, Barrero, LH, Barrow, A, Barteit, S, Barua, L, Basharat, Z, Bashiri, A, Basiru, A, Baskaran, P, Basnyat, B, Bassat, Q, Basso, JD, Basting, AVL, Basu, S, Batra, K, Baune, BT, Bayati, M, Bayileyegn, NS, Beaney, T, Bedi, N, Beghi, M, Behboudi, E, Behera, P, Behnoush, AH, Behzadifar, M, Beiranvand, M, Bejarano Ramirez, DF, Béjot, Y, Belay, SA, Belete, CM, Bell, ML, Bello, MB, Bello, OO, Belo, L, Beloukas, A, Bender, RG, Bensenor, IM, Beran, A, Berezvai, Z, Berhie, AY, Berice, BN, Bernstein, RS, Bertolacci, GJ, Bettencourt, PJG, Beyene, KA, Bhagat, DS, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhala, N, Bhalla, A, Bhandari, D, Bhangdia, K, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhardwaj, PV, Bhargava, A, Bhaskar, S, Bhat, V, Bhatti, GK, Bhatti, JS, Bhatti, MS, Bhatti, R, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Bishai, JD, Bisignano, C, Bisulli, F, Biswas, A, Biswas, B, Bitaraf, S, Bitew, BD, Bitra, VR, Bjørge, T, Boachie, MK, Boampong, MS, Bobirca, AV, Bodolica, V, Bodunrin, AO, Bogale, EK, Bogale, KA, Bohlouli, S, Bolarinwa, OA, Boloor, A, Bonakdar Hashemi, M, Bonny, A, Bora, K, Bora Basara, B, Borhany, H, Borzutzky, A, Bouaoud, S, Boustany, A, Boxe, C, Boyko, EJ, Brady, OJ, Braithwaite, D, Brant, LC, Brauer, M, Brazinova, A, Brazo-Sayavera, J, Breitborde, NJK, Breitner, S, Brenner, H, Briko, AN, Briko, NI, Britton, G, Brown, J, Brugha, T, Bulamu, NB, Bulto, LN, Buonsenso, D, Burns, RA, Busse, R, Bustanji, Y, Butt, NS, Butt, ZA, Caetano dos Santos, FL, Calina, D, Cámera, LA, Campos, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Cao, C, Cao, Y, Capodici, A, Cárdenas, R, Carr, S, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Carugno, A, Carvalheiro, CG, Carvalho, F, Carvalho, M, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Castelpietra, G, Catalá-López, F, Catapano, AL, Cattaruzza, MS, Cederroth, CR, Cegolon, L, Cembranel, F, Cenderadewi, M, Cercy, KM, Cerin, E, Cevik, M, Chadwick, J, Chahine, Y, Chakraborty, C, Chakraborty, PA, Chan, JSK, Chan, RNC, Chandika, RM, Chandrasekar, EK, Chang, C-K, Chang, J-C, Chanie, GS, Charalampous, P, Chattu, VK, Chaturvedi, P, Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou, V, Chaurasia, A, Chen, AW, Chen, A-T, Chen, CS, Chen, H, Chen, MX, Chen, S, Cheng, C-Y, Cheng, ETW, Cherbuin, N, Cheru, WA, Chien, J-H, Chimed-Ochir, O, Chimoriya, R, Ching, PR, Chirinos-Caceres, JL, Chitheer, A, Cho, WCS, Chong, B, Chopra, H, Choudhari, SG, Chowdhury, R, Christopher, DJ, Chukwu, IS, Chung, E, Chung, S-C, Chutiyami, M, Cindi, Z, Cioffi, I, Claassens, MM, Claro, RM, Coberly, K, Cogen, RM, Columbus, A, Comfort, H, Conde, J, Cortese, S, Cortesi, PA, Costa, VM, Costanzo, S, Cousin, E, Couto, RAS, Cowden, RG, Cramer, KM, Criqui, MH, Cruz-Martins, N, Cuadra-Hernández, SM, Culbreth, GT, Cullen, P, Cunningham, M, Curado, MP, Dadana, S, Dadras, O, Dai, S, Dai, X, Dai, Z, Dalli, LL, Damiani, G, Darega Gela, J, Das, JK, Das, S, Dascalu, AM, Dash, NR, Dashti, M, Dastiridou, A, Davey, G, Dávila-Cervantes, CA, Davis Weaver, N, Davletov, K, De Leo, D, de Luca, K, Debele, AT, Debopadhaya, S, Degenhardt, L, Dehghan, A, Deitesfeld, L, Del Bo', C, Delgado-Enciso, I, Demessa, BH, Demetriades, AK, Deng, K, Deng, X, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Deravi, N, Dereje, N, Dervenis, N, Dervišević, E, Des Jarlais, DC, Desai, HD, Desai, R, Devanbu, VGC, Dewan, SMR, Dhali, A, Dhama, K, Dhimal, M, Dhingra, S, Dhulipala, VR, Dias da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Diaz, MJ, Dima, A, Ding, DD, Ding, H, Dinis-Oliveira, RJ, Dirac, MA, Djalalinia, S, Do, THP, do Prado, CB, Doaei, S, Dodangeh, M, Dohare, S, Dokova, KG, Dolecek, C, Dominguez, R-MV, Dong, W, Dongarwar, D, D'Oria, M, Dorostkar, F, Dorsey, ER, dos Santos, WM, Doshi, R, Doshmangir, L, Dowou, RK, Driscoll, TR, Dsouza, HL, Dsouza, V, Du, M, Dube, J, Duncan, BB, Duraes, AR, Duraisamy, S, Durojaiye, OC, Dwyer-Lindgren, L, Dzianach, PA, Dziedzic, AM, E'mar, AR, Eboreime, E, Ebrahimi, A, Echieh, CP, Edinur, HA, Edvardsson, D, Edvardsson, K, Efendi, D, Efendi, F, Effendi, DE, Eikemo, TA, Eini, E, Ekholuenetale, M, Ekundayo, TC, El Sayed, I, Elbarazi, I, Elema, TB, Elemam, NM, Elgar, FJ, Elgendy, IY, ElGohary, GMT, Elhabashy, HR, Elhadi, M, El-Huneidi, W, Elilo, LT, Elmeligy, OAA, Elmonem, MA, Elshaer, M, Elsohaby, I, Emeto, TI, Engelbert Bain, L, Erkhembayar, R, Esezobor, CI, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Espinosa-Montero, J, Esubalew, H, Etaee, F, Fabin, N, Fadaka, AO, Fagbamigbe, AF, Fahim, A, Fahimi, S, Fakhri-Demeshghieh, A, Falzone, L, Fareed, M, Farinha, CSES, Faris, MEM, Faris, PS, Faro, A, Fasanmi, AO, Fatehizadeh, A, Fattahi, H, Fauk, NK, Fazeli, P, Feigin, VL, Feizkhah, A, Fekadu, G, Feng, X, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Feroze, AH, Ferrante, D, Ferrari, AJ, Ferreira, N, Fetensa, G, Feyisa, BR, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flavel, J, Flood, D, Florin, BT, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Fomenkov, AA, Foroutan, B, Foroutan, M, Forthun, I, Fortuna, D, Foschi, M, Fowobaje, KR, Francis, KL, Franklin, RC, Freitas, A, Friedman, J, Friedman, SD, Fukumoto, T, Fuller, JE, Fux, B, Gaal, PA, Gadanya, MA, Gaidhane, AM, Gaihre, S, Gakidou, E, Galali, Y, Galles, NC, Gallus, S, Ganbat, M, Gandhi, AP, Ganesan, B, Ganiyani, MA, Garcia-Gordillo, MA, Gardner, WM, Garg, J, Garg, N, Gautam, RK, Gbadamosi, SO, Gebi, TG, Gebregergis, MW, Gebrehiwot, M, Gebremeskel, TG, Georgescu, SR, Getachew, T, Gething, PW, Getie, M, Ghadiri, K, Ghahramani, S, Ghailan, KY, Ghasemi, M-R, Ghasempour Dabaghi, G, Ghasemzadeh, A, Ghashghaee, A, Ghassemi, F, Ghazy, RM, Ghimire, A, Ghoba, S, Gholamalizadeh, M, Gholamian, A, Gholamrezanezhad, A, Gholizadeh, N, Ghorbani, M, Ghorbani Vajargah, P, Ghoshal, AG, Gill, PS, Gill, TK, Gillum, RF, Ginindza, TG, Girmay, A, Glasbey, JC, Gnedovskaya, EV, Göbölös, L, Godinho, MA, Goel, A, Golchin, A, Goldust, M, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Gomes, NGM, Gona, PN, Gopalani, SV, Gorini, G, Goudarzi, H, Goulart, AC, Goulart, BNG, Goyal, A, Grada, A, Graham, SM, Grivna, M, Grosso, G, Guan, S-Y, Guarducci, G, Gubari, MIM, Gudeta, MD, Guha, A, Guicciardi, S, Guimarães, RA, Gulati, S, Gunawardane, DA, Gunturu, S, Guo, C, Gupta, AK, Gupta, B, Gupta, MK, Gupta, M, Gupta, RD, Gupta, R, Gupta, S, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Gurmessa, L, Gutiérrez, RA, Habibzadeh, F, Habibzadeh, P, Haddadi, R, Hadei, M, Hadi, NR, Haep, N, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hailu, A, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Halboub, ES, Hall, BJ, Haller, S, Halwani, R, Hamadeh, RR, Hameed, S, Hamidi, S, Hamilton, EB, Han, C, Han, Q, Hanif, A, Hanifi, N, Hankey, GJ, Hanna, F, Hannan, MA, Haque, MN, Harapan, H, Hargono, A, Haro, JM, Hasaballah, AI, Hasan, I, Hasan, MT, Hasani, H, Hasanian, M, Hashi, A, Hasnain, MS, Hassan, I, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Haubold, J, Havmoeller, RJ, Hay, SI, He, J, Hebert, JJ, Hegazi, OE, Heidari, G, Heidari, M, Heidari-Foroozan, M, Helfer, B, Hendrie, D, Herrera-Serna, BY, Herteliu, C, Hesami, H, Hezam, K, Hill, CL, Hiraike, Y, Holla, R, Horita, N, Hossain, MM, Hossain, S, Hosseini, M-S, Hosseinzadeh, H, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hosseinzadeh Adli, A, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hsairi, M, Hsieh, VC-R, Hsu, RL, Hu, C, Huang, J, Hultström, M, Humayun, A, Hundie, TG, Hussain, J, Hussain, MA, Hussein, NR, Hussien, FM, Huynh, H-H, Hwang, B-F, Ibitoye, SE, Ibrahim, KS, Iftikhar, PM, Ijo, D, Ikiroma, AI, Ikuta, KS, Ikwegbue, PC, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Imam, MT, Immurana, M, Inamdar, S, Indriasih, E, Iqhrammullah, M, Iradukunda, A, Iregbu, KC, Islam, MR, Islam, SMS, Islami, F, Ismail, F, Ismail, NE, Iso, H, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Iwu, CCD, Iyamu, IO, Iyer, M, J, LM, Jaafari, J, Jacob, L, Jacobsen, KH, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Jafarinia, M, Jafarzadeh, A, Jaggi, K, Jahankhani, K, Jahanmehr, N, Jahrami, H, Jain, N, Jairoun, AA, Jaiswal, A, Jamshidi, E, Janko, MM, Jatau, AI, Javadov, S, Javaheri, T, Jayapal, SK, Jayaram, S, Jebai, R, Jee, SH, Jeganathan, J, Jha, AK, Jha, RP, Jiang, H, Jin, Y, Johnson, O, Jokar, M, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Joseph, A, Joseph, N, Joshua, CE, Joshy, G, Jozwiak, JJ, Jürisson, M, K, V, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kadashetti, V, Kadir, DH, Kalani, R, Kalankesh, LR, Kaliyadan, F, Kalra, S, Kamal, VK, Kamarajah, SK, Kamath, R, Kamiab, Z, Kamyari, N, Kanagasabai, T, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Kanmanthareddy, AR, Kanmiki, EW, Kanmodi, KK, Kannan S, S, Kansal, SK, Kantar, RS, Kapoor, N, Karajizadeh, M, Karanth, SD, Karasneh, RA, Karaye, IM, Karch, A, Karim, A, Karimi, SE, Karimi Behnagh, A, Kashoo, FZ, Kasnazani, QHA, Kasraei, H, Kassebaum, NJ, Kassel, MB, Kauppila, JH, Kaur, N, Kawakami, N, Kayode, GA, Kazemi, F, Kazemian, S, Kazmi, TH, Kebebew, GM, Kebede, AD, Kebede, F, Keflie, TS, Keiyoro, PN, Keller, C, Kelly, JT, Kempen, JH, Kerr, JA, Kesse-Guyot, E, Khajuria, H, Khalaji, A, Khalid, N, Khalil, AA, Khalilian, A, Khamesipour, F, Khan, A, Khan, G, Khan, I, Khan, IA, Khan, MN, Khan, M, Khan, MJ, Khan, MAB, Khan, ZA, Khan suheb, MZ, Khanmohammadi, S, Khatab, K, Khatami, F, Khatatbeh, H, Khatatbeh, MM, Khavandegar, A, Khayat Kashani, HR, Khidri, FF, Khodadoust, E, Khorgamphar, M, Khormali, M, Khorrami, Z, Khosravi, A, Khosravi, MA, Kifle, ZD, Kim, G, Kim, J, Kim, K, Kim, MS, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kinzel, KE, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Klu, D, Knudsen, AKS, Kocarnik, JM, Kochhar, S, Kocsis, T, Koh, DSQ, Kolahi, A-A, Kolves, K, Kompani, F, Koren, G, Kosen, S, Kostev, K, Koul, PA, Koulmane Laxminarayana, SL, Krishan, K, Krishna, H, Krishna, V, Krishnamoorthy, V, Krishnamoorthy, Y, Krohn, KJ, Kuate Defo, B, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kuddus, MA, Kuddus, M, Kuitunen, I, Kulimbet, M, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, A, Kumar, H, Kumar, M, Kumar, R, Kumari, M, Kumie, FT, Kundu, S, Kurmi, OP, Kusnali, A, Kusuma, D, Kwarteng, A, Kyriopoulos, I, Kyu, HH, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Ladan, MA, Laflamme, L, Lagat, AK, Lager, ACJ, Lahmar, A, Lai, DTC, Lal, DK, Lalloo, R, Lallukka, T, Lam, H, Lám, J, Landrum, KR, Lanfranchi, F, Lang, JJ, Langguth, B, Lansingh, VC, Laplante-Lévesque, A, Larijani, B, Larsson, AO, Lasrado, S, Lassi, ZS, Latief, K, Latifinaibin, K, Lauriola, P, Le, NHH, Le, TTT, Le, TDT, Ledda, C, Ledesma, JR, Lee, M, Lee, PH, Lee, SW, Lee, SWH, Lee, W-C, Lee, YH, LeGrand, KE, Leigh, J, Leong, E, Lerango, TL, Li, M-C, Li, W, Li, X, Li, Y, Li, Z, Ligade, VS, Likaka, ATM, Lim, L-L, Lim, SS, Lindstrom, M, Linehan, C, Liu, C, Liu, G, Liu, J, Liu, R, Liu, S, Liu, X, Llanaj, E, Loftus, MJ, López-Bueno, R, Lopukhov, PD, Loreche, AM, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, PA, Lozano, R, Lubinda, J, Lucchetti, G, Lugo, A, Lunevicius, R, Ma, ZF, Maass, KL, Machairas, N, Machoy, M, Madadizadeh, F, Madsen, C, Madureira-Carvalho, ÁM, Maghazachi, AA, Maharaj, SB, Mahjoub, S, Mahmoud, MA, Mahmoudi, A, Mahmoudi, E, Mahmoudi, R, Majeed, A, Makhdoom, IF, Malakan Rad, E, Maled, V, Malekzadeh, R, Malhotra, AK, Malhotra, K, Malik, AA, Malik, I, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Mansouri, P, Mansournia, MA, Mantovani, LG, Maqsood, S, Marasini, BP, Marateb, HR, Maravilla, JC, Marconi, AM, Mardi, P, Marino, M, Marjani, A, Martinez, G, Martinez-Guerra, BA, Martinez-Piedra, R, Martini, D, Martini, S, Martins-Melo, FR, Martorell, M, Marx, W, Maryam, S, Marzo, RR, Masaka, A, Masrie, A, Mathieson, S, Mathioudakis, AG, Mathur, MR, Mattumpuram, J, Matzopoulos, R, Maude, RJ, Maugeri, A, Maulik, PK, Mayeli, M, Mazaheri, M, Mazidi, M, McGrath, JJ, McKee, M, McKowen, ALW, McLaughlin, SA, McPhail, SM, Mechili, EA, Medina, JRC, Mediratta, RP, Meena, JK, Mehra, R, Mehrabani-Zeinabad, K, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Mekene Meto, T, Meles, GG, Mendez-Lopez, MAM, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mengist, B, Mentis, A-FA, Meo, SA, Meresa, HA, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Mersha, AM, Mesfin, BA, Mestrovic, T, Mettananda, KCD, Mettananda, S, Meylakhs, P, Mhlanga, A, Mhlanga, L, Mi, T, Miazgowski, T, Micha, G, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mills, EJ, Minh, LHN, Mini, GK, Mir Mohammad Sadeghi, P, Mirica, A, Mirijello, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirutse, MK, Mirzaei, M, Misganaw, A, Mishra, A, Misra, S, Mitchell, PB, Mithra, P, Mittal, C, Mobayen, M, Moberg, ME, Mohamadkhani, A, Mohamed, J, Mohamed, MFH, Mohamed, NS, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, S, Mohammadi, S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadifard, N, Mohammed, H, Mohammed, M, Mohammed, S, Mohan, V, Mojiri-Forushani, H, Mokari, A, Mokdad, AH, Molinaro, S, Molokhia, M, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Mondello, S, Moni, MA, Moodi Ghalibaf, A, Moradi, M, Moradi, Y, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Moreira, RS, Morovatdar, N, Morrison, SD, Morze, J, Mosser, JF, Motappa, R, Mougin, V, Mouodi, S, Mousavi, P, Mousavi, SE, Mousavi Khaneghah, A, Mpolya, EA, Mrejen, M, Mubarik, S, Muccioli, L, Mueller, UO, Mughal, F, Mukherjee, S, Mulita, F, Munjal, K, Murillo-Zamora, E, Musaigwa, F, Musallam, KM, Mustafa, A, Mustafa, G, Muthupandian, S, Muthusamy, R, Muzaffar, M, Myung, W, Nagarajan, AJ, Nagel, G, Naghavi, P, Naheed, A, Naik, 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Zhu, L, Ziafati, M, Zielińska, M, Zitoun, OA, Zoladl, M, Zou, Z, Zuhlke, LJ, Zumla, A, Zweck, E, Zyoud, SH, Wool, EE, and Murray, CJL
Published: 2024

2. Burden of disease scenarios for 204 countries and territories, 2022–2050: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Vollset, SE, Ababneh, HS, Abate, YH, Abbafati, C, Abbasgholizadeh, R, Abbasian, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd Al Magied, AHA, Abd ElHafeez, S, Abdelkader, A, Abdelmasseh, M, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdi, P, Abdollahi, M, Abdoun, M, Abdullahi, A, Abebe, M, Abiodun, O, Aboagye, RG, Abolhassani, H, Abouzid, M, Aboye, GB, Abreu, LG, Absalan, A, Abualruz, H, Abubakar, B, Abukhadijah, HJJ, Addolorato, G, Adekanmbi, V, Adetunji, CO, Adetunji, JB, Adeyeoluwa, TE, Adha, R, Adhikary, RK, Adnani, QES, Adzigbli, LA, Afrashteh, F, Afzal, MS, Afzal, S, Agbozo, F, Agodi, A, Agrawal, A, Agyemang-Duah, W, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahlstrom, AJ, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, F, Ahmad, MM, Ahmad, S, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, S, Ahmed, SA, Akinosoglou, K, Akkaif, MA, Akrami, AE, Akter, E, Al Awaidy, S, Al Hasan, SM, Al Mosa, AS, Al Ta'ani, O, Al Zaabi, OAM, Alahdab, F, Alajlani, MM, Al-Ajlouni, Y, Alalalmeh, SO, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alam, T, Alam, Z, Al-amer, RM, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Albakri, A, Aldhaleei, WA, Aldridge, RW, Alemohammad, SY, Alemu, YM, Al-Gheethi, AAS, Al-Hanawi, MK, Ali, A, Ali, I, Ali, MU, Ali, R, Ali, SSS, Ali, VE, Ali, W, Al-Ibraheem, A, Alicandro, G, Alif, SM, Aljunid, SM, Alla, F, Almazan, JU, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Alqutaibi, AY, Alrawashdeh, A, Alrousan, SM, Al-Sabah, SK, Alsabri, MA, Altaany, Z, Al-Tammemi, AB, Al-Tawfiq, JA, Altirkawi, KA, Aluh, DO, Alvis-Guzman, N, Al-Wardat, MS, Al-Worafi, YM, Aly, H, Alyahya, MS, Alzoubi, KH, Al-Zyoud, W, Amani, R, Ameyaw, EK, Amin, TT, Amindarolzarbi, A, Amiri, S, Amirzade-Iranaq, MH, Amu, H, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Anderson, DB, Andrade, PP, Andrei, CL, Andrei, T, Andrews, EA, Anil, A, Anil, S, Anoushiravani, A, Antony, CM, Antriyandarti, E, Anuoluwa, BS, Anvari, S, Anyasodor, AE, Appiah, F, Aquilano, M, Arab, JP, Arabloo, J, Arafa, EA, Arafat, M, Aravkin, AY, Ardekani, A, Areda, D, Aregawi, BB, Aremu, A, Ariffin, H, Arkew, M, Armani, K, Artamonov, AA, Arumugam, A, Asghari-Jafarabadi, M, Ashbaugh, C, Astell-Burt, T, Athari, SS, Atorkey, P, Atout, MMW, Aujayeb, A, Ausloos, M, Awad, H, Awotidebe, AW, Ayatollahi, H, Ayuso-Mateos, JL, Azadnajafabad, S, Azeez, FK, Azevedo, RMS, Badar, M, Baghdadi, S, Bagheri, M, Bagheri, N, Bai, R, Baker, JL, Bako, AT, Balakrishnan, S, Balcha, WF, Baltatu, OC, Barchitta, M, Bardideh, E, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, TW, Barqawi, HJ, Barteit, S, Basiru, A, Basso, JD, Bastan, M-M, Basu, S, Bauckneht, M, Baune, BT, Bayati, M, Bayileyegn, NS, Behnoush, AH, Behzadi, P, Beiranvand, M, Bello, OO, Belo, L, Beloukas, A, Bemanalizadeh, M, Bensenor, IM, Benzian, H, Beran, A, Berezvai, Z, Bernstein, RS, Bettencourt, PJG, Beyene, KA, Beyene, MG, Bhagat, DS, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhala, N, Bhandari, D, Bharadwaj, R, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhargava, A, Bhaskar, S, Bhat, V, Bhattacharjee, NV, Bhatti, GK, Bhatti, JS, Bhatti, MS, Bhuiyan, MA, Bisignano, C, Biswas, B, Bjørge, T, Bodolica, V, Bodunrin, AO, Bonakdar Hashemi, M, Bora Basara, B, Borhany, H, Bosoka, SA, Botero Carvajal, A, Bouaoud, S, 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Silva, AG, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Dai, Z, Dalton, BE, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Das, JK, Das, S, Dash, NR, Davletov, K, De la Hoz, FP, De Leo, D, Debopadhaya, S, Delgado-Enciso, I, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Dervenis, N, Desai, HD, Devanbu, VGC, Dewan, SMR, Dhama, K, Dhane, AS, Dhingra, S, Dias da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Diaz, LA, Diaz, MJ, Dima, A, Ding, DD, Do, THP, do Prado, CB, Dodangeh, M, Doegah, PT, Dohare, S, Dong, W, D'Oria, M, Doshi, R, Dowou, RK, Dsouza, HL, Dsouza, V, Dube, J, Dumith, SC, Duncan, BB, Duraes, AR, Duraisamy, S, Durojaiye, OC, Dushpanova, A, Dutta, S, Dzianach, PA, Dziedzic, AM, Eboreime, E, Ebrahimi, A, Ebrahimi Kalan, M, Edinur, HA, Efendi, F, Eikemo, TA, Eini, E, Ekundayo, TC, El Arab, RA, El Sayed, I, Elamin, O, Elemam, NM, ElGohary, GMT, Elhadi, M, Elmeligy, OAA, Elmoselhi, AB, Elshaer, M, Elsohaby, I, Eltahir, ME, Emeto, TI, Eshrati, B, Eslami, M, Esmaeili, Z, Fabin, N, Fagbamigbe, AF, Fagbule, OF, Falzone, L, Fareed, M, Farinha, CSES, Faris, MEM, Faro, A, Fasihi, K, Fatehizadeh, A, Fauk, NK, Fazylov, T, Feigin, VL, Fekadu, G, Feng, X, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Ferrara, P, Ferreira, N, Firew, BS, Fischer, F, Fitriana, I, Flavel, J, Flor, LS, Folayan, MO, Foley, KM, Fonzo, M, Force, LM, Foschi, M, Freitas, A, Fridayani, NKY, Fukutaki, KG, Furtado, JM, Fux, B, Gaal, PA, Gadanya, MA, Gallus, S, Ganesan, B, Ganiyani, MA, Gautam, RK, Gebi, TG, Gebregergis, MW, Gebrehiwot, M, Getacher, L, Getahun, GKA, Gething, PW, Ghadimi, DJ, Ghadirian, F, Ghafarian, S, Ghailan, KY, Ghasemi, M, Ghasempour Dabaghi, G, Ghazy, RM, Ghoba, S, Gholami, E, Gholamrezanezhad, A, Gholizadeh, N, Ghorbani, M, Ghorbani Vajargah, P, Ghotbi, E, Gil, AU, Gill, TK, Girmay, A, Glasbey, JC, Glushkova, EV, Gnedovskaya, EV, Göbölös, L, Goldust, M, Goleij, P, Golinelli, D, Gopalani, SV, Goulart, AC, Gouravani, M, Goyal, A, Grivna, M, Grosso, G, Guarducci, G, Gubari, MIM, Guicciardi, S, Guimarães, RA, Gulati, S, Gulisashvili, D, Gunawardane, DA, Guo, C, Gupta, AK, Gupta, R, Gupta, S, Gupta, VK, Haakenstad, A, Hadi, NR, Haep, N, Hafiz, A, Haghmorad, D, Haile, D, Hajj Ali, A, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Halboub, ES, Haller, S, Halwani, R, Hamagharib Abdullah, K, Hamdy, NM, Hamoudi, R, Hanifi, N, Hankey, GJ, Haq, ZA, Haque, MR, Harapan, H, Hargono, A, Haro, JM, Hasaballah, AI, Hasan, SMM, Hasanian, M, Hasnain, MS, Hassan, A, Haubold, J, Hay, SI, Hebert, JJ, Hegazi, OE, Heidari, M, Hemmati, M, Henson, CA, Herrera-Serna, BY, Herteliu, C, Heydari, M, Hezam, K, Hidayana, I, Hiraike, Y, Hoan, NQ, Holla, R, Hoogar, P, Horita, N, Hossain, MM, Hosseinzadeh, H, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hu, C, Huang, J, Hultström, M, Hundie, TG, Hunt, AJ, Hushmandi, K, Hussain, J, Hussain, MA, Hussein, NR, Huynh, H-H, Hwang, B-F, Ibitoye, SE, Iftikhar, PM, Ikiroma, AI, Ikwegbue, PC, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Immurana, M, Isa, MA, Islam, MR, Islam, SMS, Ismail, F, Ismail, NE, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Iyamu, IO, Jacob, L, Jacobsen, KH, Jafarinia, M, Jahankhani, K, Jahanmehr, N, Jain, N, Jairoun, AA, Jakhmola Mani, DR, Jamil, S, Jamora, RDG, Jatau, AI, Javadov, S, Javaheri, T, Jayaram, S, Jee, SH, Jeganathan, J, Jiang, H, Jokar, M, Jonas, JB, Joseph, N, Joshua, CE, Jürisson, M, K, V, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kadashetti, V, Kalankesh, LR, Kalra, S, Kamath, A, Kamath, R, Kamireddy, A, Kanaan, M, Kanchan, T, Kanmiki, EW, Kanmodi, KK, Kansal, SK, Karim, A, Karkhah, S, Kashoo, FZ, Kasraei, H, Kassel, MB, Katikireddi, SV, Kauppila, JH, Kaur, H, Kayode, GA, Kazemi, F, Kazemian, S, Kebede, F, Kendal, ES, Kesse-Guyot, E, Khademvatan, S, Khajuria, H, Khalaji, A, Khalid, A, Khalid, N, Khalilian, A, Khamesipour, F, Khan, F, Khan, MJ, Khan, MAB, Khanmohammadi, S, Khatab, K, Khatatbeh, H, Khatatbeh, MM, Khatib, MN, Khayat Kashani, HR, Kheirallah, KA, Khokhar, M, Khormali, M, Khorrami, Z, Khosla, AA, Khosravi, M, Khosrowjerdi, M, Khubchandani, J, Kifle, ZD, Kim, G, Kim, JS, Kim, MS, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Knibbs, LD, Knudsen, AKS, Kochhar, S, Kolahi, A-A, Kompani, F, Koren, G, 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Published: 2024

3. Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Ferrari, AJ, Santomauro, DF, Aali, A, Abate, YH, Abbafati, C, Abbastabar, H, Abd ElHafeez, S, Abdelmasseh, M, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdollahi, A, Abdullahi, A, Abegaz, KH, Abeldaño Zuñiga, RA, Aboagye, RG, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, LG, Abualruz, H, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Ackerman, IN, Addo, IY, Addolorato, G, Adebiyi, AO, Adepoju, AV, Adewuyi, HO, Afyouni, S, Afzal, S, Agodi, A, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, D, Ahmad, F, Ahmad, S, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, LA, Ahmed, MB, Ajami, M, Akinosoglou, K, Akkaif, MA, Al Hasan, SM, Alalalmeh, SO, Al-Aly, Z, Albashtawy, M, Aldridge, RW, Alemu, MD, Alemu, YM, Alene, KA, Al-Gheethi, AAS, Alharrasi, M, Alhassan, RK, Ali, MU, Ali, R, Ali, SSS, Alif, SM, Aljunid, SM, Al-Marwani, S, Almazan, JU, Alomari, MA, Al-Omari, B, Altaany, Z, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ, Alwafi, H, Al-Wardat, MS, Al-Worafi, YM, Aly, S, Alzoubi, KH, Amare, AT, Amegbor, PM, Ameyaw, EK, Amin, TT, Amindarolzarbi, A, Amiri, S, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Anderson, DB, Andrade, PP, Andrei, CL, Ansari, H, Antony, CM, Anwar, S, Anwar, SL, Anwer, R, Anyanwu, PE, Arab, JP, Arabloo, J, Arafat, M, Araki, DT, Aravkin, AY, Arkew, M, Armocida, B, Arndt, MB, Arooj, M, Artamonov, AA, Aruleba, RT, Arumugam, A, Ashbaugh, C, Ashemo, MY, Ashraf, M, Asika, MO, Askari, E, Astell-Burt, T, Athari, SS, Atorkey, P, Atout, MMW, Atreya, A, Aujayeb, A, Ausloos, M, Avan, A, Awotidebe, AW, Awuviry-Newton, K, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Ayuso-Mateos, JL, Azadnajafabad, S, Azevedo, RMS, Babu, AS, Badar, M, Badiye, AD, Baghdadi, S, Bagheri, N, Bah, S, Bai, R, Baker, JL, Bakkannavar, SM, Bako, AT, Balakrishnan, S, Bam, K, Banik, PC, Barchitta, M, Bardhan, M, Bardideh, E, Barker-Collo, SL, Barqawi, HJ, Barrow, A, Barteit, S, Barua, L, Bashiri Aliabadi, S, Basiru, A, Basu, S, Bathini, PP, Batra, K, Baune, BT, Bayileyegn, NS, Behnam, B, Behnoush, AH, Beiranvand, M, Bejarano Ramirez, DF, Bell, ML, Bello, OO, Beloukas, A, Bensenor, IM, Berezvai, Z, Bernabe, E, Bernstein, RS, Bettencourt, 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Y, Yusuf, H, Zahid, MH, Zakham, F, Zaki, L, Zaki, N, Zaman, BA, Zamora, N, Zand, R, Zandieh, GGZ, Zar, HJ, Zarrintan, A, Zastrozhin, MS, Zhang, H, Zhang, N, Zhang, Y, Zhao, H, Zhong, C, Zhong, P, Zhou, J, Zhu, Z, Ziafati, M, Zielińska, M, Zimsen, SRM, Zoladl, M, Zumla, A, Zyoud, SH, Vos, T, and Murray, CJL
Published: 2024

4. Standard precautions compliance and its associated factors among nurses in Kazakhstan: A cross-sectional study.

Author: Cruz JP, Almazan JU, Kuntuganova A, Syzdykova A, Danebek K, and Agazhayeva G
Subjects: Humans, Kazakhstan, Cross-Sectional Studies, Adult, Female, Male, Nurses psychology, SARS-CoV-2, Surveys and Questionnaires, Middle Aged, Universal Precautions, Young Adult, COVID-19 prevention & control, COVID-19 epidemiology, Guideline Adherence statistics & numerical data, Infection Control methods, Infection Control standards
Abstract: Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, with many nurses being infected, understanding compliance with standard precautions (SP) among nurses in Kazakhstan is crucial for improving infection prevention and control and preparedness for future emergencies. The study aimed to assess Kazakh nurses' SP compliance amid the COVID-19 pandemic and examine the factors associated with their compliance., Methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional design. This research surveyed 241 clinical nurses in Astana, Kazakhstan using a standardized tool from December 2021 to April 2022., Results: This study found 76.0% SP compliance among the nurses. The highest compliance was observed in the dimension "Decontamination of spills and used articles" (86.0% compliance rate), followed by "Use of protective devices" (83.5% compliance rate), "Prevention of cross-infection from person to person" (72.7% compliance rate), "Disposal of sharps" (65.4% compliance rate), and "Disposal of waste" (56.0% compliance rate). Nurses' age and educational qualification influences the nurses' SP compliance., Discussion: While the nurses' compliance rate in this study was moderate, specific areas warrant more attention, such as their compliance with proper waste and sharps disposal., Conclusions: This study highlighted the experiences of nurses in Kazakhstan on their compliance with SP during the pandemic., (Copyright © 2024 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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5. Perspectives of healthcare practitioners on environmental sustainability in healthcare: A qualitative study.

Author: Cruz JP, Balay-Odao EM, Almazan JU, Manabat A, Smagulova M, Kavashev Z, Gusmanov A, Syzdykova A, Dauletkaliyeva Z, Seidakhmetova A, and Colet PC
Abstract: Aim: To explore the perspectives of Kazakhstani healthcare professionals on environmental sustainability in healthcare., Design: An exploratory qualitative design., Methods: Four focus group discussions (FGDs) on environmental sustainability in healthcare were conducted among healthcare professionals (nurses, physicians, midwives and physical therapists) from June to August 2023 in three cities of Kazakhstan. Each FGD consisted of at least 6 to 11 participants and lasted between 60 and 90 minutes. The collected data were analysed using the thematic analysis., Results: A total of 137 initial codes were identified and further organized into 22 sub-themes based on similarities in codes and meanings, and then 5 significant themes were identified. The five main themes are 'Environmental Sustainability Practices in Healthcare', 'Purposes of Environmental Sustainability in Healthcare', 'Impact of Environmental Sustainability in Healthcare in Patients', 'Challenges in Implementing Environmental Sustainability in Healthcare' and 'The Role of Healthcare Leadership in Improving Environmental Sustainability in Healthcare'., Conclusions: The findings highlighted the perceptions and practices of healthcare professionals on environmental sustainability's purposes in healthcare, its impacts on patients and its implementation challenges. The study also underscored the critical role of strong and active leadership in ensuring a sustainable implementation of green policies in healthcare facilities and achieving successful results of environmentally conscious healthcare practices., Implications for the Profession And/or Patient Care: The findings provide invaluable information that can be used by policymakers and healthcare organization leaders to create a sustainable healthcare system. Implementing environmental sustainability practices in healthcare should be widespread, intentional, and sustainable, entailing strong leadership and unwavering personal and organizational commitment., Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution., Reporting Method: We adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines, specifically the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2024
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6. Consequences of the hospital nursing research culture: Perspective of staff nurses.

Author: Balay-Odao EM, Cruz JP, and Almazan JU
Abstract: Objective: Research plays a critical role in molding nursing as a profession. Healthcare organizations are challenged to build an organizational culture that cultivates the development of nursing research. Creating a culture of nursing research is constantly branded a vital component in advancing nursing science. Therefore, this study described nurses' perceptions about their hospital's nursing research culture., Methods: Semi-structured personal interviews were used to collect data. Seventeen staff nurses were selected to participate in the study by purposive sampling method from December 2022 to April 2023 in the eastern Philippines. The researchers used Braun and Clarke's thematic approach to analyze the qualitative data., Results: The analysis revealed three central themes and seven subthemes: influencing behavior and performance of the employee (help in research information and learning, flexibility and adaptability, collaboration and communication among employees), influencing staff nurses' research participation (leadership strategies, training and professional development), and affecting hospitals to adapt to change (organizational performance and success, employee engagement and job satisfaction)., Conclusions: The findings support the benefits of a positive nursing research culture in hospitals due to its critical role in shaping nurses' behavior and performance, participation in nursing research, and hospital adaptation to changes. Collectively, these themes contribute to a deeper understanding of the multifaceted impact that a culture of nursing research can have on various levels of the healthcare system., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2024 The Authors.)
Published: 2024
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7. Environmental sustainability in healthcare: A qualitative study of the perspectives of nursing, medical and public health students in Kazakhstan.

Author: Balay-Odao EM, Colet PC, Almazan JU, Kuntuganova A, Syzdykova A, Kavashev Z, Smagulova M, Dauletkaliyeva Z, Seidakhmetova A, and Cruz JP
Subjects: Humans, Kazakhstan, Qualitative Research, Delivery of Health Care, Focus Groups, Students, Public Health, Students, Nursing
Abstract: The Aim Was: This study explored the perspectives of nursing, medical and public health students on environmental sustainability in healthcare., Background: The healthcare sector has increasingly recognized the importance of adopting environmental sustainability over the past few years. This growing awareness emphasizes the need to thoroughly assess the connection between health care and environmental responsibility., Design: Qualitative descriptive-exploratory design., Methods: This study explored the views on environmental sustainability in health care of 29 nursing, medical and public health students at three universities in Kazakhstan through focus group discussions. Thematic analysis was used in the data analysis. Data collection was carried out from June to August 2023., Results: Using semantic thematic analysis, 209 initial codes were extracted, and then similar codes and meanings were grouped, leading to 21 categories until the development of the five significant themes. The five main themes are 'the impact of the environment on health', 'environmental sustainability practices in healthcare care', 'the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in environmental sustainability in healthcare', 'intrinsic motivation to engage in environmental sustainability practices in healthcare' and 'challenges and barriers to practicing environmental sustainability in healthcare'., Conclusions: The study findings suggest the critical aspect of addressing environmental sustainability through interprofessional collaboration and working on intrinsic motivation among health professionals. Furthermore, our study contributes in several ways to our understanding of environmental sustainability in healthcare. Provides a basis for clinicians, educators and policy makers to consider adding sustainability to their agenda to prepare future health professionals., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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8. Health education competence: An investigation of the health education knowledge, skills and attitudes of nurses in Kazakhstan.

Author: Khazhymurat A, Paiyzkhan M, Khriyenko S, Seilova S, Baisanova S, Kuntuganova A, Almazan JU, and Cruz JP
Subjects: Humans, Attitude of Health Personnel, Cross-Sectional Studies, Kazakhstan, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Health Education, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Clinical Competence, Nurses
Abstract: Aims: This study assessed the nurses' knowledge of, skills on and attitudes toward health education among nurses working at the University Medical Center Corporate Fund (UMC) in Kazakhstan. The personal and professional factors influencing the nurses' knowledge of, skills on and attitudes toward health education were also investigated., Background: Health education is one of the nurses' fundamental responsibilities. Nurses' role in health education is critical in empowering patients and their families to live healthier lives, thus ensuring optimum health, well-being and quality of life. However, in Kazakhstan, where the nursing profession is still establishing its professional autonomy, data concerning the competence of Kazakh nurses in health education is unknown., Design: A quantitative study, specifically the cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational designs., Methods: The survey was performed at UMC in Astana, Kazakhstan. Using a convenience sampling technique, 312 nurses participated in the survey from March to August 2022. The "Nurse Health Education Competence Instrument" was used to collect data. The personal and professional characteristics of the nurses were also collected. Standard multiple regression analysis examined the personal and professional variables influencing the nurses' health education competence., Results: The respondents' average score in the "Cognitive domain," "Psychomotor domain," and "Affective-attitudinal domain" was 3.80 (SD = 0.66), 3.99 (SD = 0.58) and 4.04 (SD = 0.62), respectively. The nurses' category as a nurse, medical center, attendance to health education training/seminars in the last 12 months, provision of health education to a patient in the last week and perception of health education's significance in nursing practice were significant predictors of the nurses' health education competence contributing an approximately 24.4 %, 29.3 % and 27.1 % of the variance of the health education knowledge (R 2 = 0.273, Adjusted R 2 = 0.244), skills R 2 = 0.320, Adjusted R 2 = 0.293) and attitudes (R 2 = 0.299, Adjusted R 2 = 0.271)., Conclusions: The nurses reported high levels of health education competence (knowledge, attitudes and skills). The personal and professional factors influencing the nurses' competence in health education are essential to consider when developing interventions and healthcare policies to ensure nurses' competent provision of health education to patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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9. The relationship between nurses' risk assessment and management, fear perception, and mental wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia.

Author: Al-Dossary RN, AlMahmoud S, Banakhar MA, Alamri M, Albaqawi H, Al Hosis K, Aljohani MS, Alrasheadi B, Falatah R, Almadani N, Aljohani K, Alharbi J, and Almazan JU
Subjects: Humans, Pandemics, Saudi Arabia epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Fear, Risk Assessment, Perception, COVID-19 epidemiology, Nurses
Abstract: During this pandemic, it is crucial to implement early interventions to help nurses manage their mental wellbeing by providing them with information regarding coping skills, preventive risk assessment approaches (such as hospital preparedness and rapid risk assessment), and the ability to respond. This study evaluated the effect of fear and risk assessment management on nurses' mental wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. A total of 507 nurses who worked in tertiary public hospitals were asked to take a descriptive design survey. Three survey scales were used to assess the survey: the Risk Assessment Scale, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale. Independent t -tests and a one-way ANOVA were used to examine the association between fear of COVID-19 and nurses' demographic characteristics on their mental wellbeing. A multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the predictors associated with mental wellbeing. Findings revealed that almost half of the participants showed moderate positive mental wellbeing, 49.7%, while only 14% had low levels of fear on the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well being Scale. Most of the respondents had low levels of fear on the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, 45%, while only 15% had high levels of fear on the scale. Then, some demographic variables, such as "age," "nationality," "total years of experience in the current hospital," and "region you work at" had statistically significant differences with p < 0.5. Meanwhile, risk assessment is also associated with mental wellbeing scores. All items on the Fear of COVID-19 Scale showed no significant difference with a P > 0.05. In conclusion, most nurses providing direct patient care to a patient with COVID-19 emphasized the importance of wearing PPE and performing hand hygiene before and after any clean or aseptic procedure. Meanwhile, although almost all nurses were vaccinated, they were still afraid of a COVID-19 infection. Additionally, the results reported that the older the nurses are, the better their mental wellbeing scores. Non-Saudi nurses had higher perceived mental wellbeing scores than Saudi nurses, and different working environments corresponded to different mental wellbeing scores. Finally, nurses' risk assessment was associated with mental wellbeing scores., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Al-Dossary, AlMahmoud, Banakhar, Alamri, Albaqawi, Al Hosis, Aljohani, Alrasheadi, Falatah, Almadani, Aljohani, Alharbi and Almazan.)
Published: 2022
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10. An integrative review of negative emotions of older adults in later life.

Author: Adolfo CS, Albougami ASB, Roque MY, Aruta JJBR, and Almazan JU
Subjects: Humans, Aged, Emotions, Anxiety
Abstract: Background: Older adults are one of the most vulnerable populations requiring scientific, psychological, and clinical attention. Although several studies have explored psychoemotional needs in later life, one critical gap in the literature is a shortage of studies comprehensively reviewing negative emotional experiences and their antecedents associated with later life., Aim: This integrative review aims to identify negative emotional experiences during older adult years., Methods: This review of articles from Medline, CINAHL, Science Direct, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Taylor and Francis synthesized negative emotional experiences during older adult years. Across these six electronic databases, we searched and identified 17 relevant articles from 2005 to 2020 containing quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies., Results: Based on the review, we identified five negative emotions (sadness, anxiety, frustration, anger, and loneliness). These negative emotions were rooted in marital problems, separation from families, medical problems, physical functioning and disability, and financial limitations. Additionally, we identified common antecedents of negative emotions., Conclusion: At the center of numerous interventions, older adults are reinvigorated to understand the antecedents of negative emotions. The complex array of emotions, specifically regrets and frustration in later life, is depicted by more negativity than positivity. Such array of emotions could help develop strategies to prevent the causes of regret and frustration that nurses see when working with older adults in a clinical practice setting., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
Published: 2022
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11. Testing the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the Disaster Response Self-Efficacy Scale among Saudi nursing students.

Author: Cruz JP, Balay-Odao EM, Bajet JB, Alsharari AF, Tork HMM, Alharbi TAF, and Almazan JU
Subjects: Humans, Psychometrics methods, Reproducibility of Results, Saudi Arabia, Self Efficacy, Surveys and Questionnaires, Disasters, Students, Nursing psychology
Abstract: Aim: The study tested the validity and reliability of the "Disaster Response Self-Efficacy Scale" Arabic version (DRSES-A) among Saudi nursing students., Background: Disaster self-efficacy is one such factor of increasing interest. Little research has explored disaster response self-efficacy despite growing evidence on disaster response preparedness in Saudi Arabia. A systematic, standardized and valid instrument is needed to assess disaster self-efficacy in the Saudi context. The DRSES is one of the tools with excellent psychometric properties that can evaluate the nursing students' perceived self-efficacy in disaster preparation, mitigation and response., Design: This investigation is a quantitative methodological design testing the validity and reliability of the DRSES-A., Method: In this study, 290 Saudi nursing students were surveyed from May to June 2021 in the three government universities in Saudi Arabia using the convenience sampling technique. The Disaster Response Self-Efficacy Scale underwent a linguistic adaptation following a forward-backward translation method. Construct validity was established using the principal component analysis to extract the components of DRSES-A., Result: The overall mean of the DRSES-A was 3.41 (SD = 0.75). The overall Cronbach alpha was 0.939. The subscales "Onsite rescue" and "Psychological nursing" had a similar alpha of 0.911, while "Role quality and adaptation" had a computed alpha of 0.878. The expert rated all item content validity index as 1 with an average score content validity index of 1. The principal component analysis supported a three-factor DRSES-A., Conclusion: The DRSES-A is a valid and reliable scale that can measure Arabic-speaking baccalaureate nursing students' self-reported disaster response self-efficacy., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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12. Nurses' Perception of Safety Culture in Medical-Surgical Units in Hospitals in Saudi Arabia.

Author: Alrasheadi BA, Alamri MS, Aljohani KA, Al-Dossary R, Albaqawi H, Alharbi J, Hosis KA, Aljohani MS, Almadani N, Falatah R, Alotaibi JS, and Almazan JU
Subjects: Cross-Sectional Studies, Hospitals, Humans, Patient Safety, Perception, Safety Management, Saudi Arabia, Surveys and Questionnaires, Nurses, Organizational Culture
Abstract: Introduction: Patient safety captures the essence of the primary principle of medical ethics, primum non nocere, first do no harm; this is an important concern in the health care system. Nurses are indispensable members of this system and are the largest group of health care providers involved in the direct delivery of patient care. As an integral part of the health care system, it is important to know nurses' opinions on patient safety culture. Objectives: First, to evaluate and measure the existing safety culture and safety of patients in medical-surgical wards (MSW) in hospitals located in the Qassim region, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Second, to survey the opinion of registered nurses and supervisors/managers about safety culture and issues concerned with safety in hospitals in the region. Materials and Methods : A validated cross-sectional survey, namely the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC), was used. This survey queried 300 nurses in different MSWs in four hospitals in the Qassim Region. Results: Overall, a positive culture of safety exists in MSWs, with 69% of RNs rating their wards as having great/excellent safety culture. Notably, some participants felt it was problematic that blame was assigned to nurses for reported errors. While 55.9% of participants noted that all errors or narrowly avoided errors had been reported, less than half actually reported errors in the last year. Conclusion: The perceived safety culture was largely positive; however, the results also indicated that a culture of safety comes with some risk and blame.
Published: 2022
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13. Saudi Arabian nurses' workaholic tendencies and their predictive role in professional quality of life.

Author: Adolfo CS, Almazan JU, Cruz JP, Albougami ASB, Roque MY, and Montayre J
Subjects: Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Job Satisfaction, Saudi Arabia, Surveys and Questionnaires, Nurses, Quality of Life
Abstract: Purpose: To determine whether nurses' workaholic tendencies and demographic variables predict their professional quality of life., Design: A cross-sectional design was utilized among 427 Saudi nurses which conveniently selected in four tertiary public hospitals in Saudi Arabia., Findings: Nurses' have higher workaholic tendencies level and moderate professional quality of life levels. Working more than 40 h per week correlates with one's risk of workaholism. Certain professional quality of life subscales is associated with gender, marital status, hospital experience, and work addiction tendencies., Practice Implications: The present study contributes to the development of new clinical practices by enlightening readers of the implications of workaholism for nurses' professional quality of life, so that this can be addressed and managed properly., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
Published: 2022
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14. Whole-Person Development of Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Multi-University Study.

Author: Cruz JP, Alquwez N, Alshammari F, Alabdulaziz H, Alsharari AF, Alqahtani FM, Tork HMM, and Almazan JU
Subjects: Humans, Saudi Arabia, Universities, Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate methods, Holistic Nursing, Students, Nursing psychology
Abstract: Aim: This study examines how nursing students in Saudi Arabia view their holistic development during university study and the association between their perceptions and academic performance., Background: Holistic nursing education fosters broad development and emphasizes students' cognitive, emotional, social, physical, and spiritual potentials., Method: This descriptive and correlational study utilizes the Whole Person Development Inventory to collect data from 998 student nurses enrolled in six governmental universities in Saudi Arabia., Results: The professional dimension recorded the highest mean, followed by the intellectual, spiritual, physical, and psychological dimensions. The social dimension received the lowest overall mean. Intellectual, psychological, social, and spiritual development has an association with high academic performance., Conclusion: This study encourages policymakers and various stakeholders concerned with nursing education in the country and worldwide to be intentional and systematic in adapting the whole-person development approach in nursing education., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 National League for Nursing.)
Published: 2022
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15. Psychometric analysis of the Nurses' Professional Values Scale-3 Arabic version among student nurses.

Author: Alabdulaziz H, Cruz JP, Alasmee NA, and Almazan JU
Subjects: Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Surveys and Questionnaires, Nurses, Students, Nursing
Abstract: Aims: We sought to establish the psychometric properties of the Nurses' Professional Values Scale-3 Arabic version among student nurses., Background: Nurses' professional values are central in the nursing profession; it encompasses principles such as respecting people rights and dignity, compassion, and caring without prejudice., Introduction: The professional values of student nurses, most specifically in Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries, can hardly be studied due of the lack of a valid and reliable measure that is linguistically and culturally acceptable., Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we came up with the Arabic version of the tool and tested its psychometric properties among 350 student nurses from two universities in Saudi Arabia., Results: The principal component analysis revealed three distinct factors with eigenvalues above 1.00 and with an explained variance of 70.5%. The computed Cronbach's alpha of the tool was 0.967, while 0.964, 0.960, and 0.886 were computed for activism, caring, and professionalism, respectively. The test-retest scores (n = 85) revealed an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient of 0.827 for the entire scale, 0.826 for the subscale activism, 0.792 for caring, and 0.870 for professionalism., Conclusions: The Nurses' Professional Values Scale-3 Arabic version had sound psychometric properties when used among Saudi student nurses., Implication for Nursing: The tool can provide an accurate assessment of the professional values of Saudi nursing students and other Arabic-speaking student nurses., Implication for Nursing Policy: The tool can be utilized by nursing and nursing education policymakers in Saudi Arabia and in other Arab countries in guiding the creation of practice and education policies that gears towards improving nurses' professional values in this part of the world., (© 2021 International Council of Nurses.)
Published: 2022
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16. Infection prevention and control awareness, attitudes, and practices among healthcare professionals in South India.

Author: Thazha SK, Cruz JP, Alquwez N, Scaria B, Rengan SS, and Almazan JU
Subjects: Attitude, Delivery of Health Care, Humans, Personal Protective Equipment, Health Personnel, Infection Control
Abstract: Introduction: Infection is a key challenge in healthcare settings around the world. Healthcare professionals (HCPs), including medical laboratory technologists (MLTs) and nurses, are at risk of infection because they are in close contact with infected patients. This investigation was conducted to evaluate the awareness, attitude, and practices of Infection Prevention Control (IPC) among HCPs working in private tertiary hospitals in two states in South India., Methodology: This quantitative study surveyed 571 HCPs in southern India. In September 2021, an online survey was used to collect data on the respondents' demographic and IPC-related variables, as well as their awareness, attitudes, and practices of IPC., Results: The survey revealed high level of awareness, positive attitudes, and good IPC practices. Among the IPC practices, "changing gloves between contacts with different patients" was the most often practiced and "washing hands after removal of gloves" was the least practiced. Being a nurse, being older, finishing a graduate program, attending a risk assessment training, having sufficient Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) at work, and being aware of the safety guidelines were associated with better awareness. Being a nurse, being older, and holding a diploma were associated with more positive attitudes. Being MLT, attending risk assessment training, having sufficient PPE at work, and being aware of the safety guidelines were associated with better IPC practices., Conclusions: Measures to sustain the high awareness, positive attitudes, and good IPC practices by dealing with the factors associated with these variables identified in this study must be planned and implemented., Competing Interests: No Conflict of Interest is declared, (Copyright (c) 2022 Suhas K Thazha, Jonas Preposi Cruz, Nahed Alquwez, Bibin Scaria, Sameesh S Rengan, Joseph U Almazan.)
Published: 2022
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17. Stigma towards health care providers taking care of COVID-19 patients: A multi-country study.

Author: Nashwan AJ, Valdez GFD, Al-Fayyadh S, Al-Najjar H, Elamir H, Barakat M, Almazan JU, Jahlan IO, Alabdulaziz H, Omar NE, Alawneh F, Andika Priastana IK, Alhanafi A, Abu-Hussein B, Al-Shammari M, Shaban MM, Shaban M, Al-Hadrawi H, Al-Jubouri MB, Jaafar SA, Hussein SM, Nashwan AJ, Alharahsheh MA, Kader N, Alabdulla M, Nazarene A, Yassin MA, and Villar RC
Abstract: Background: Health care providers (HCPs) have always been a common target of stigmatization during widespread infections and COVID-19 is not an exception., Aim: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of stigmatization during the COVID-19 pandemic among HCPs in seven different countries using the Stigma COVID-19 Healthcare Providers tool (S19-HCPs)., Design: Cross-sectional., Methods: The S19-HCPs is a self-administered online survey (16-item) developed and validated by the research team. The participants were invited to complete an online survey. Data collection started from June-July 2020 using a convenience sample of HCPs from Iraq, Jordan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Philippines, and Kuwait., Results: A total number of 1726 participants were included in the final analysis. The majority of the study participants were Jordanians (22%), followed by Kuwaitis (19%), Filipinos (18%) and the lowest participants were Indonesians (6%). Other nationalities were Iraqis, Saudis, and Egyptians with 15%, 11% and 9% respectively. Among the respondents, 57% have worked either in a COVID-19 designated facility or in a quarantine center and 78% claimed that they had received training for COVID-19. Statistical significance between COVID-19 stigma and demographic variables were found in all aspect of the S19-HCPs., Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated high levels of stigmatization against HCPs in all the included seven countries. On the other hand, they are still perceived positively by their communities and in their utmost, highly motivated to care for COVID-19 patients. Educational and awareness programs could have a crucial role in the solution of stigmatization problems over the world., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Author(s).)
Published: 2022
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18. Measurement and community antecedents of positive mental health among the survivors of typhoons Vamco and Goni during the COVID-19 crisis in the Philippines.

Author: Aruta JJBR, Crisostomo KA, Canlas NF, Almazan JU, and Peñaranda G
Abstract: The present study examined the measurement and antecedents of positive mental health in people who concurrently experienced two disasters of different nature (i.e., typhoons and COVID-19 crisis), focusing on the survivors of typhoons Vamco and Goni that hit the Philippines in November 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. First, we investigated the psychometric properties of Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF), a well-validated measure of positive mental health dimensions (i.e., emotional, social, and psychological well-being) by: 1) comparing the structural validity of three measurement models including a single-factor, bifactor, and three-factor solutions of positive mental health; 2) looking into the criterion validity through correlating the MHC-SF subscales with relevant measures; and 3) calculating for item reliability. Second, we examined the mediating role of social responsibility in the positive influence of community resilience on the three dimensions of positive mental health. Using 447 participants, with ages ranging from 18 to 70 years old, confirmatory factor analysis showed that compared to the single-factor and the bifactor models, the intercorrelated three-factor model of MHC-SF has the best model fit and most stable factor loadings. MHC-SF subscales correlated with relevant measures indicating criterion validity and yielded excellent internal consistency for all subscales. Additionally, results showed that social responsibility mediated the positive impact of community resilience on emotional, social, and psychological well-being of Filipinos in times of great adversities. The findings were discussed within the context of extreme weather events and the COVID-19 crisis in the Philippines, highlighting implications on disaster preparedness and mental health policies at the community level., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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19. Nursing care toward older adults with dementia: An integrative review.

Author: Adolfo CS, Albougami ASB, Roque MY, and Almazan JU
Subjects: Aged, Humans, Dementia, Nursing Care, Nursing Staff
Abstract: Background: Dementia among older adults is receiving increase attention due to its neurodegenerative pathologies and poses a significant challenge for healthcare services systems. Caring for older adults with dementia is frequently challenging. This integrative review appraised and synthesised the existing literature describing the nursing care given to older adults with dementia., Methods: An integrative review was used using six electronic databases (CINAHL, Medline, Science direct-Elsevier, Proquest, Pubmed and Web of Science). The search terms that were included in various combinations using mesh terms were as follows: nurse* OR nursing staff* AND caring OR care OR caring behavior OR affectionate OR compassionate AND older person* OR aging* OR elder* OR geriatric patient* OR older adult* OR gerontology* OR aged* OR old age. A standardised review by Kmet et al. instrument was utilised for appraising the quality of selected 13 articles., Results: The results were presented based on the two major themes: challenges in providing care and identifying and managing older adults' difficult behaviours., Conclusion: The findings of an integrative review can be used as a foundation for formulating recommendations for how dementia care by nurses can be improved and highlighting where policy development and further research are needed., (© 2021 Nordic College of Caring Science.)
Published: 2022
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20. Willingness to care for older people and associated factors in pre-registered student nurses: A multi-country survey study.

Author: Cheng HL, Lam SC, Cruz JP, Almazan JU, Machuca-Contreras FA, Cecily HSJ, Rady HEAEA, Papathanasiou IV, Ghrayeb F, Qtait M, Liu XL, and Balay-Odao EM
Subjects: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Attitude of Health Personnel, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate, Nurses, Students, Nursing
Abstract: Background: Addressing nursing students' lack of interest in providing care for the aged population is a global challenge for nursing educators. Despite global interest in student nurses' readiness for older people care, almost all the literature has been identified from single countries, predominantly with high income per capita. At present, no study has been conducted to provide evidence-based data related to this topic from a multi-country perspective., Objective: The study's purpose was to examine the willingness to work with older persons and associated factors among student nurses from nine countries (or regions)., Design: This study utilized a correlational and cross-sectional design., Settings: This was a multi-country survey study conducted in China, Chile, Egypt, Hong Kong, India, Greece, the State of Palestine (henceforth Palestine), the Philippines, and Saudi Arabia., Participants: 2250 baccalaureate nursing students were recruited from 10 universities in this study., Methods: The survey that was used to collect data comprised four parts: socio-demographic data, attitude toward aging, older person care perception, and willingness to work with such group., Results: Respondents in five regions (including Mainland China, Greece, Hong Kong, Palestine, and Saudi Arabia) stated that older persons were the least favored group for future career choices. In comparison with mainland China, respondents in Chile, India, and the Philippines were significantly more likely to be willing to care for older patients, but those in Egypt and Greece indicated a lower tendency to choose this option. Favorable attitudes toward aging and older person care perception were significantly associated with having the willingness to provide care to gerontologic patients in the future., Conclusions: Although attitudes toward aging and older person care perception have long been confirmed as important factors that are linked with willingness in caring for older people, this study adds that location is a more influential factor. Additional research in other countries is needed to advance the knowledge in this important area., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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21. Measuring mental well-being among frontline nurses during the COVID-19 crisis: Evidence from Saudi Arabia.

Author: Aruta JJBR, Almazan JU, Alamri MS, Adolfo CS, and Gonzales F
Abstract: In the days of the COVID-19 pandemic, frontline nurses providing care to different communities face are particularly vulnerable to the mental health threats of the crisis. The objective of this study was to examine the structural validity, convergent validity, and reliability of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) in professional nurses amidst the COVID-19 crisis in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from 413 nurses in Saudi Arabia using a cross-sectional online survey. Consistent with the original version, results of the confirmatory factor analysis revealed a unidimensional structure of the WEMWBS. Support for convergent validity was found as the WEMWBS significantly correlated with measures of burnout and compassion satisfaction. In terms of reliability, all WEMWBS items yielded high internal consistencies suggesting that the 14 items were robust indicators of mental well-being. In response to the challenges of the COVID-19 crisis, the current study offers a psychometrically sound instrument that can be utilized in screening the mental well-being of nurses in the days of a public health crisis. Preserving the positive aspect of mental health among frontline healthcare workers and promoting quality of care for communities requires a contextualized measurement tool that efficiently assesses mental well-being., Competing Interests: Conflict of InterestThe authors declared no conflict of interest associated with the study., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022.)
Published: 2022
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22. Predictors of nursing students' intention to receive COVID-19 vaccination: A multi-university study in Saudi Arabia.

Author: Alshehry AS, Cruz JP, Alquwez N, Alsharari AF, Tork HMM, Almazan JU, Alshammari F, Alabdulaziz H, Alsolami F, Tumala RB, Al Thobaity A, Alqahtani FM, and Balay-Odao E
Subjects: COVID-19 Vaccines, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Intention, SARS-CoV-2, Saudi Arabia, Universities, Vaccination, COVID-19, Students, Nursing
Abstract: Aims: This study examined the predictors of student nurses' intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. We measured the nursing students' risk perceptions, anxiety, fears and beliefs on COVID-19 vaccine; attitudes towards it and vaccine literacy (VL)., Design: This study is a multi-university study utilizing the quantitative, cross-sectional and predictive approach., Methods: Using convenience sampling (n = 1170), we surveyed 10 Saudi universities from November 26, 2020, to December 31, 2020. Forward stepwise multinomial logistic regression was performed in identifying the factors predicting student nurses' intention to vaccinate against COVID-19., Results: The overall mean in the risk perception, anxiety and fear was 9.59 (SD = 2.82, possible range = 1-15), 3.95 (SD = 4.77, possible range = 0-20) and 18.17 (SD = 6.65, possible range = 7-35) respectively. They also reported a mean of 29.90 (SD = 6.56, possible range = 8-40) on COVID-19 belief. COVID-19 positive and negative attitudes mean score was 3.64 (SD = 0.92) and 2.72 (SD = 0.90) in a 1-4 range of scores respectively. The functional and interactive-critical COVID-19 VL of the students were at moderate levels. More than half of the respondents (55.9%) intended to be vaccinated against COVID-19, 17.6% did not intend to do so and 26.5% were unsure. High-risk perceptions, low levels of COVID-19 anxiety, positive beliefs and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine, and high levels of interactive-critical COVID-19 VL were significant predictors of student nurses' intentions to vaccinate against COVID-19., Conclusion: Policymakers could consider the factors identified in this study and why the students did not intend to receive the vaccine in planning a nationwide vaccination program. The colleges of nursing could also utilize the findings in developing educational programs that aim to improve VL and beliefs and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2022
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23. Challenges of nurses and care management of depressed older adults: a narrative literature review.

Author: Albougami ASB, Almazan JU, Stitt N, P Cruz J, C Colet P, and Adolfo CS
Subjects: Aged, Humans, Depression therapy, Nurses, Nursing Care
Abstract: Background: The number of older adults with depression has increased in recent years. In relation to this, conducting a narrative review helps provide a better understanding of the adaptive functioning of depressed older adults and the significance of interventions in reducing depression. This narrative review investigates the nurses' management of depressed older adult patients. It also presents a detailed investigation of the barriers preventing nurses from successfully implementing nursing care for older adults., Methods: A narrative literature review was performed on four electronic databases, namely, (i) Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, (ii) Pubmed, (iii) PsycINFO and (iv) Taylor and Francis. English language and peer-reviewed journal articles were included., Results: A total of 19 articles were selected for the review, and four main themes were generated: (i) the challenges in implementing depression care management, (ii) the role of social support in depression treatment, (iii) the pharmacological management approach and (iv) the health care management process., Conclusion: Nurses experience several challenges in implementing depression care management. The role of social support in the treatment of depression, pharmacological management and different types of health care management strategies all provide solutions for depressed older adults. The review findings provide insights for improving health care nursing services for depressed older adults and reducing the negative health outcomes in this population., (© 2020 Nordic College of Caring Science.)
Published: 2021
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24. Barriers in performing physical assessment among nursing students: An integrative review.

Author: Maniago JD, Feliciano EE, Santos AM, Agunod CL, Adolfo CS, Vasquez BA, Albougami A, and Almazan JU
Abstract: Objectives: This study aimed to identify barriers in performing physical assessments among nursing students through integrative review study., Methods: The literature were searched in Medline, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Taylor & Francis Online using the descriptors barrier, physical assessment, nursing student et al. Only English-language and peer-reviewed journal articles were included, and there were no year restrictions., Results: Twelve articles were selected for review. Two aspects were extracted: the barriers included personal challenges, challenges related to nursing education, challenges related to clinical practice; establishing competency-based education learning as a method to reduce physical assessment barriers. Student competencies and experiences were influenced by various factors that collectively hindered their successful performance of physical assessments., Conclusions: The review findings provide valuable insights into the complex issues involved in the performance of physical assessments and guidance for improvement in practice. A collaborative effort should be made to address the issues often faced by nursing students in performing routine physical assessments. Also, more constructive and competency-based teaching methods should be integrated into academic and clinical settings., Competing Interests: All authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (© 2020 The authors.)
Published: 2020
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25. Influence of Religiosity on the Saudi Nursing Students' Attitudes Toward Older People and Perceptions on Elderly Care.

Author: Alshehry AS, Almazan JU, and Alquwez N
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Geriatric Nursing education, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Perception, Saudi Arabia, Students, Nursing statistics & numerical data, Attitude of Health Personnel, Religion, Students, Nursing psychology
Abstract: This cross-sectional study examined the influence of Saudi nursing students' religiosity on their attitudes toward older people and on their perceptions of elderly care. A sample of 175 nursing students of a government university in Saudi Arabia was surveyed using the Kogan's Attitudes toward Older People Scale, the Perspectives on Caring for Older Adults Scale, and the Muslim Religious Index. The students reported they are religious, they have modest attitudes toward older people, and they have neutral perception about elderly care. Religiosity showed a positive influence on the students' attitudes toward older people and on their perceptions about elderly care.
Published: 2020
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26. The Self-Compassion Scale Arabic version for baccalaureate nursing students: A validation study.

Author: Alabdulaziz H, Alquwez N, Almazan JU, Albougami A, Alshammari F, and Cruz JP
Subjects: Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Saudi Arabia, Surveys and Questionnaires, Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate, Empathy, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Students, Nursing psychology
Abstract: Background: The Self-Compassion Scale is an extensively used tool to measure self-compassion among different groups of population, including nurses. The tool has been translated and tested for its psychometric properties in previous studies. Assessing self-compassion among Saudi nursing students is critical as self-compassion is suggested to create a positive effect on one's wellbeing, coping, emotions, and other personal outcomes., Objectives: This study determined the validity and reliability of the Self-Compassion Scale Arabic version (SCS-A) for nursing students. It also identified the demographic factors associated with the students' self-compassion., Design: A quantitative, cross-sectional design., Settings: The investigation was carried-out in two government universities in Saudi Arabia., Participants: A sample of 322 Saudi nursing students in the 2nd to 4th year, as well as nurse interns was surveyed (mean age = 21.27, range = 18-27)., Methods: The Self-Compassion Scale was culturally adapted to come up with the SCS-A. Content validity was established. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to establish the construct validity; whereas for reliability, internal consistency and test-retest reliability were established. Pearson's product correlation, t-test, and One-way Analysis of Variance were used to examine the demographic factors associated with self-compassion, accordingly., Results: A panel of experts rated content validity as excellent. The EFA revealed six dimensions namely "self-judgment," "self-kindness," "common humanity," "mindfulness," "isolation," and "over-identification", with total variance of 64.1%. Cronbach's alpha values for the six factors were from 0.76 to 0.85, with an overall α of the whole scale at 0.86. Computation revealed ICC values ranging from 0.84 to 0.92, whereas the ICC for the entire SCS-A was 0.81., Conclusion: SCS-A shown satisfactory validity as well as good reliability. SCS-A can be used to collect baseline data on self-compassion, which could be used in developing policies in the universities and training hospitals to ensure that nurse interns and nursing students have compassion toward self. The study also opens opportunities for multi-country and cross-cultural studies on self-compassion among nursing students., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2020
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27. Nurses' Kangaroo Mother Care practice implementation and future challenges: an integrative review.

Author: Maniago JD, Almazan JU, and Albougami AS
Subjects: Australia, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Kangaroo-Mother Care Method standards, Guidelines as Topic, Kangaroo-Mother Care Method psychology
Abstract: Background: Nurses play a crucial role in Kangaroo Mother Care practice, but their application in specific policies and practices involves challenges. A comprehensive literature review is needed to improve understanding of specific barriers that are most relevant to nurses and the improvement of this practice. This review investigates nurses' barriers in implementing Kangaroo Mother Care, in order to illustrate directions for future research., Methods: This study was based on integrative review method and exploring nurses' barriers in implementing Kangaroo Mother Care, strategies to reduce its barriers. CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Database, PubMed and Science Direct Taylor & Francis databases were searched for the following: (i) studies with no year restrictions, (ii) peer-reviewed journal articles, (iii) original research and (iv) articles written in English. Each article was appraised for methodological validity review using critical appraisal checklist., Results: The search revealed 19 articles from diverse countries. Four main themes were generated from the synthesis of the findings: (i) barriers related to nurses' perspective and emotion towards KMC, (ii) healthcare institution barriers towards KMC, (iii) barriers related to parental experience in providing KMC and (iv) strategy to improve KMC implementation., Conclusions: Nurses experience several barriers in successfully implementing KMC in healthcare settings. This review reported strategies to reduce KMC barriers and to improve its utilisation in healthcare settings. Hospitals should establish adequate manpower, clear guidelines, sufficient supplies and equipment, capacity building among staff and proper Kangaroo Mother Care information dissemination for patients., (© 2019 Nordic College of Caring Science.)
Published: 2020
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28. Factors affecting nurses' intention to leave their current jobs in Saudi Arabia.

Author: Albougami AS, Almazan JU, Cruz JP, Alquwez N, Alamri MS, Adolfo CA, and Roque MY
Abstract: Objective: It is known that job satisfaction and quality of life influence nurses' intention to resign from their jobs. However, health-care systems should examine all the possible factors that contribute to nurse turnover to retain them for the long term. To this purpose, this study further explores the aspects that affect the intention of nurses who work in Saudi Arabia to leave their current jobs., Methods: A sample of 318 staff nurses working in two public hospitals in Saudi Arabia was surveyed in this cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was used to assess job satisfaction, stress, quality of life, and intention of recruited nurses to leave their current jobs. Data were collected between April and May 2018., Results: Quality of life dimensions, such as physical and psychological health, predict nurses' intention to resign from their current workplaces. We found that being single or of Filipino or Indian origin, working in the medical and surgical department, or having a low monthly gross salary is correlated with a high intention to leave., Conclusion: The results present a unique theoretical underpinning that expands on the previous knowledge and literature on the factors that affect nurses' intent to leave their organizations. The findings of this study can be used as a guide to establish human resource policies toward satisfying nurses' needs and improving job satisfaction and quality of life to promote retention., (Copyright: © International Journal of Health Sciences.)
Published: 2020

29. Maternity-ward nurses' kangaroo mother care attitudes and practices: implications and future challenges.

Author: Almazan JU, Cruz JP, Albougami AS, Alamri MS, and Adolfo CS
Subjects: Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Philippines, Pregnancy, Surveys and Questionnaires, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Kangaroo-Mother Care Method, Mothers, Nursing Staff, Hospital psychology
Abstract: Background: Successful implementation of KMC depends on the attitudes and practices of maternity-ward nurses. This study assessed the attitudes and practices of kangaroo mother care (KMC) by maternity-ward nurses in the Eastern Philippines., Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used in the study. A convenience sample of 138 maternity-ward nurses working in six rural health units (RHUs), two public hospitals and one private hospital. A questionnaire was used to assess the attitudes and practices of KMC by the recruited maternity-ward nurses. Data were collected from June to July 2017 in maternity-ward nurses' workplace., Results: Maternity-ward nurses have a positive attitude towards KMC. Age is associated with attitudes towards KMC. Married maternity-ward nurses have exhibit better attitudes and practice than single nurses. The attitudes of maternity-ward nurses with master's degrees towards KMC are more positive than those with BSN degrees. Maternity-ward nurses from Rural Health Units have better attitudes but fewer support to practice the KMC skills than those from public hospitals., Conclusions: Maternity-ward nurses who are married, hold master's degrees and are working in RHUs have better KMC attitudes than their counterparts. Maternity-ward nurses have good KMC attitude but poor KMC practices. The KMC information and skills of maternity-ward nurses should be continuously updated to implement KMC effectively and efficiently., (© 2019 Nordic College of Caring Science.)
Published: 2019
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30. Clinical practitioners' perception of the dimensions of patient safety culture in a government hospital: A one-sample correlational survey.

Author: Alenezi A, Pandaan RPM, Almazan JU, Pandaan IN, Casison FS, and Cruz JP
Subjects: Adult, Hospitals, Public standards, Humans, Saudi Arabia, Surveys and Questionnaires, Attitude of Health Personnel, Patient Safety standards, Quality of Health Care organization & administration, Safety Management organization & administration
Abstract: Aims and Objectives: To assess the perceptions of clinical practitioners regarding the different dimensions of patient safety culture in their hospital and examine the work-related predictors of patient safety culture perceptions., Background: Patient safety is seen as a progressively critical focus in healthcare areas worldwide. Saudi Arabia aims to improve healthcare quality by providing access to healthcare for its increasing population. Hence, constantly assessing the patient safety culture of healthcare facilities in the country is imperative., Design: One-sample correlational survey design., Methods: The Hospital Survey of Patients' Safety Culture was used to survey the total population sample of 181 healthcare practitioners in a Saudi hospital from December 2018-January 2019. Strengths and weaknesses on PS culture were identified as perceived by the clinical practitioners. Regression analysis was performed to identify the work-related predictors of patient safety culture perceptions. The study followed the STROBE guideline., Results: Nine of the 12 dimensions measured were identified as patient safety culture weaknesses, including 'management support for patient safety' (49.2%), 'teamwork across unit' (44.2%), 'frequency of events reporting' (43.1%), 'communication openness' (41.3%), 'overall perception of patient safety' (38.7%), 'supervisor/manager expectations and actions promoting patient safety' (32.9%), 'staffing' (23.7%), 'hospital handoffs and transitions' (19.6%) and 'non-punitive response to errors' (15.8%). None of the dimensions were identified as strengths by the respondents. Working hours per week and staff position were identified as significant predictors., Conclusions: The study underscores the urgent need to improve the patient safety culture of the hospital., Relevance to Clinical Practice: Hospital administrators should highlight initiatives on positive patient safety impact plan for clinical practitioners and patients, such as monitoring, reporting and strictly adhering to hospital activities that reduce the risks associated with exposure to medical care., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2019
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31. Exploring nurses' work-related stress in an acute care hospital in KSA.

Author: Almazan JU, Albougami AS, and Alamri MS
Abstract: Objectives: This study aimed to assess the perceived work-related-stress of staff nurses and determine the relationship between work-related stress and demographic profile., Methods: This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design and was conducted in a secondary public hospital (staff nurses = 178, bed capacity = 225) in Riyadh, KSA. The hospital provides medical and surgical services that are important to achieve optimum quality patient care and services. In total, 178 staff nurses were interviewed, but 15 responses were excluded because of missing data (response rate: 92.52%)., Results: Nurses reported a moderately stressful work environment. Nationality was found to be a significant predictor of nurses' stress levels. Indian nurses had higher stress levels compared with nurses of other nationalities. Working hours per week was another significant predictor of stress., Conclusion: This study highlighted perceived work-related stress of staff nurses and determined the relationship between work-related stress and demographic profile. Most nurses were moderately stressed. Working hours were associated directly with stress level. The study findings can serve as a guide for establishing human resources policies aiming at reducing nurses' stress and, thereby, promoting improved health care and task force work performance.
Published: 2019
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32. A Multicountry Study on Nursing Students' Self-Perceived Competence and Barriers to Evidence-Based Practice.

Author: Labrague LJ, McEnroe-Petitte D, D'Souza MS, Cecily HSJ, Fronda DC, Edet OB, Ibebuike JE, Venkatesan L, Almazan JU, Al Amri M, Mirafuentes EC, Cayaban ARR, Al Yahyaei A, and Bin Jumah JA
Subjects: Adult, Analysis of Variance, Clinical Competence standards, Cross-Sectional Studies, Evidence-Based Practice methods, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, India, Male, Nigeria, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Surveys and Questionnaires, Perception, Self Efficacy, Students, Nursing psychology
Abstract: Background: Nursing education and training are essential in the attainment of evidence-based practice (EBP) competence in nursing students. Although there is a growing literature on EBP among nursing students, most of these studies are confined to a single cultural group. Thus, cross-cultural studies may provide shared global perspectives and theoretical understandings for the advancement of knowledge in this critical area., Aims: This study compared self-perceived EBP competence among nursing students in four selected countries (India, Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, and Oman) as well as perceived barriers to EBP adoption., Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, and comparative survey of 1,383 nursing students from India, Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, and Oman participated in the study. The Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire (EBP-COQ) and the BARRIERS scale were used to collect data during the months of January 2016 to August 2017., Results: Cross-country comparisons revealed significant differences in EBP competence (F = 24.437, p < .001), knowledge (F = 3.621, p = .013), skills (F = 9.527, p < .001), and attitudes (F = 74.412, p < .001) among nursing students. Three variables including nursing students' gender (β = .301, p < .001), type of institution, (β = -0.339, p = .001), and type of nursing student (β = .321, p < .001) were associated with EBP competence. Barriers to EBP adoption included having no authority to change patient care policies (M = 1.65, SD = 1.05), slow publication of evidence (M = 1.59, SD = 1.01), and paucity of time in the clinical area to implement the evidence (M = 1.59, SD = 1.05)., Linking Evidence to Action: Both academe and hospital administration can play a pivotal role in the successful acquisition of EBP competence in nursing students., (© 2019 Sigma Theta Tau International.)
Published: 2019
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33. A multi-university assessment of patient safety competence during clinical training among baccalaureate nursing students: A cross-sectional study.

Author: Alquwez N, Cruz JP, Alshammari F, Felemban EM, Almazan JU, Tumala RB, Alabdulaziz HM, Alsolami F, Silang JPBT, and Tork HMM
Subjects: Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Perception, Saudi Arabia, Students, Nursing statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Clinical Competence standards, Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate standards, Patient Safety standards, Students, Nursing psychology
Abstract: Aims and Objectives: To assess the perceived patient safety competence during clinical training of Saudi nursing students., Background: Ensuring safety in healthcare settings requires improvements in the educational and clinical practice of professionals. Experts stressed that shared patient safety culture must be of primary importance; they also emphasised the resolute need for theoretically driven research approaches for patient safety competence in healthcare organisations and educational institutions., Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional design., Methods: This study was conducted in six government universities in Saudi Arabia. A sample of 829 nursing students was surveyed using the health professional education in patient safety survey. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The study adhered to the STROBE guideline for cross-sectional studies (See Supporting Information Appendix S1)., Results: The percentage of agreement on the items of the health professional education in patient safety survey ranged from 61.5%-76.5%. The dimension "understanding human and environmental factors" received the highest perceived competence, whereas the dimension "working in teams" received the lowest competence. Significant differences in students' patient safety competence from different universities were reported. Male students perceived their competence in "working in teams" higher than the female students. Students in their internship year had significantly higher levels of competence in all the six dimensions of the health professional education in patient safety survey than students in the third- and fourth-year levels., Conclusions: Saudi nursing students have positive perceptions towards their patient safety competencies. Significant differences were found in the patient safety competence of nursing students between universities, gender and year of study., Relevance to Clinical Practice: The results provide valuable insights and guidance for improving the patient safety competence of nursing students. The findings can be used to guide the creation of policies and interventions that may ensure the continuous development of patient safety competence of nursing students as they navigate the clinical area., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2019
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34. The Arabic version of the Kogan Attitudes toward Older People Scale among Saudi nursing students: a psychometric analysis.

Author: Alquwez N, Cruz JP, Almazan JU, Alamri MS, and Mesde JJ
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Ageism prevention & control, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Saudi Arabia, Surveys and Questionnaires, Translations, Aging psychology, Attitude of Health Personnel, Education, Nursing methods, Psychometrics methods, Students, Nursing psychology
Abstract: Background: With the steadily increasing size of its elderly popu.lation, Saudi Arabia is currently trying to meet the demands for com.petent care for older people. However, the lack of a valid and reliable measurement instrument in the Arab Peninsula hinders related studies among nursing students in this part of the globe. Given the importance of nursing students' attitudes toward working with older people, a specialized tool that can provide an accurate assessment of students' attitudes toward older adults is necessary., Objective: Evaluate the psychometric properties of the Kogan Attitudes towards Older People Arabic version (KAOP-A) among Saudi nursing students., Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional., Setting: Nursing department of a government university., Subjects and Methods: Using total population sampling, Saudi nursing students were surveyed using the KAOP-A. The tool was culturally adapted to the Arabic language using a forward and backward method. Content and construct validity were established accordingly. The internal consistency was established to support the reliability of the tool., Main Outcome Measures: The validity and reliability of the KAOP-A., Sample Size: 164 nursing students., Results: The KAOP-A had acceptable content and construct valid.ity. The Exploratory Factor Analysis supported a two-factor solution for the KAOP-A with an explained variance of 60.12%. The computed Cronbach's alpha for the entire scale was 0.89. The mean score of the KAOP-A scale was 121.55 (SD=26.92, range=40-204), indicating a slightly positive attitude toward aging among the students. Nursing students belonging to extended type of family and living in rural community, as well as older students and students who reported higher degree of closeness with their grandparents, exhibited more positive attitudes towards older people., Conclusion: The tool can be used to accurately assess student attitudes towards older people, which can inform the creation of educational policies and interventions geared towards creating a more positive outlook on older adult care among nursing students in Saudi Arabia., Limitations: We did not perform test and re-test reliability analysis., Conflict of Interest: None.
Published: 2018
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35. Predicting patterns of disaster-related resiliency among older adult Typhoon Haiyan survivors.

Author: Almazan JU, Cruz JP, Alamri MS, Alotaibi JSM, Albougami ASB, Gravoso R, Abocejo F, Allen K, and Bishwajit G
Subjects: Aged, Female, Geriatric Nursing, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Philippines, Spirituality, Cyclonic Storms, Disasters, Resilience, Psychological, Survivors psychology
Abstract: Reported natural disasters are steadily increasing, yet there is limited previous research explicitly exploring the predictors of disaster resiliency among older people from typhoon-hit provinces. This study examined the relationships between life satisfaction, attitude, spirituality and locus of control towards resiliency among older adult Typhoon Haiyan survivors. A descriptive correlational design was conducted among these survivors in the Eastern Philippines. Standard multiple linear regression analysis was used in the study. The findings indicated that spirituality and attitude were significant predictors of the survivors' resiliency. The spirituality and positive attitudes of the older adults were associated with disaster resiliency among the typhoon survivors. Thus, the findings suggest the need for nurse gerontologists to promote spirituality and encourage positive attitudes among older adults., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2018
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36. Barriers of physical assessment skills among nursing students in Arab Peninsula.

Author: Alamri MS and Almazan JU
Abstract: Objective: There is a growing demand for health-care nursing services in several health care institutions. Understanding barriers to physical assessment among nursing students create a more detailed assessment in the development of quality patient's care in nursing practice. This study examined the barriers to physical assessment skills among nursing students in a government university in Arab Peninsula., Methods: A cross-sectional research survey design of 206 nursing students using a standardized questionnaire was used. The questionnaire is composed of 7 subscales in evaluating the barriers to physical assessment skills between the classroom and clinical setting. Independent Samples t-test was used in comparing the gender mean of the nursing students about the barriers to physical assessment. Paired t-test was also used in determining the differences between perceived barriers to physical assessment in the classroom and clinical setting., Results: Subscale "reliance on others and technology," ward culture, "lack of influence on patient care" have significant differences between perceived barriers in physical assessment among classroom settings and clinical setting., Conclusion: Although nursing students were oriented and educated about physical assessment in the nursing curriculum, this is not often practiced in clinical settings. The point that is if nursing students are incorrectly performing the patient assessment, then no amount of critical thinking could lead to better clinical decisions. Continuous exposure and enhancing the quality of planning and promotion of the nursing students could develop necessary skills. In addition, increasing self-confidence is vital to assess the patient's health status effectively and minimize the barriers to performing the physical assessment.
Published: 2018

37. Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST) in a Remote and Isolated Community in Samar Province, Philippines.

Author: Almazan JU
Abstract: Diarrheal disease is one of the leading causes of death in children under five years old, most people who die from this disease actually die from severe dehydration and fluid loss. Moreover, 88% of its global diarrheal disease is attributed to unsafe water supply, inadequate sanitation, and hygiene. This investigation was developed to determine the effect of Participatory hygiene and sanitation transformation (PHAST) program in an isolated community of Mabini,Samar Province, Philippines. Longitudinal research design was used in order to determine the effect of the program one year was implemented in the community. A purposive sampling was utilized in this investigation which accounts a total of 39 households in Mabini community, Basey, Samar, without toilet facilities. The instrument used was the modified questionnaire of Philippine Red Cross in water and sanitation before and after the program was implemented. Results showed that there was improvement of knowledge on water and sanitation, handwashing practice, household waste practices drinking practices, defecation practices. Thus, program reaching the most isolated and difficult area experiencing the most detrimental effects which improve poor hygiene and sanitation, improving health, equality and social justice.
Published: 2014
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