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Biosynthesized nanomaterials and nanocomposites (NCs) could have promising potentialities to overcome the multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria, particularly Salmonella Typhimurium. Radish seed (Raphanus sativus) mucilage (RSM) was employed for synthesizing/capping selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and their nanoconjugates with chitosan (Ct) were assessed for inhibiting MDR S. typhimurium. The SeNPs were effectually biosynthesized using RSM and have 4.21 nm mean size and −25.6 mV surface charge. Different NC formulations of Ct/RSM/SeNPs were generated and validated using infrared spectroscopy and electron microscopy. The entire formulations could suppress S. Typhimurium growth, including MDR strains. F3 NCs (with 53.64 nm diameter and +21.1 mV surface charge) had the strongest anti-S. Typhimurium activity that exceeded the action of cephalosporin, and the subsequent antibacterial formulation was F2 (with 41.77 nm diameter and −17.3 mV charge). The NCs of Ct/RSM/SeNPs could severely destruct, deform, and lyse S. Typhimurium cells’ structures throughout 10 h of exposure. The innovative fabricated NCs of Ct/RSM/SeNPs are auspiciously suggested as effectual biocides to eradicate MDR S. Typhimurium in various food-processing facilities.

The polymeric nanocomposites (NCs), constructed from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) fruits mucilage (OM), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and chitosan (Ch), were fabricated as potential candidates to overcome drug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium bacteria. AgNPs were directly mediated by OM, with 4.2 nm mean diameters. The composed NCs from Ch/OM/AgNPs were innovatively synthesized and the various ratios of Ch:OM/AgNPs affected the NCs particles’ size and charges. The infrared analysis of employed materials/NCs validated their interactions and conjugations. The antibacterial assays of NCs against different resistant S. Typhimurium strains indicated the efficiency of polymeric NCs to inhibit bacteria with significant superiority over standard antibiotics. The NCs that contained equal ratios from Ch and OM/AgNPs were the best formulation (mean diameter, 47.19 nm and surface charge, +16.9 mV) to exhibit the strongest actions toward S. Typhimurium. The NCs caused severe deformation, destruction, and lysis in exposed bacteria, as traced with scanning microscopy. The biosynthesis of AgNPs using OM and their nanoconjugation with Ch provided effectual natural biopolymers NCs with enhanced expected biosafety and efficiency against drug-resistant S. Typhimurium strains, which supports their potential applications as disinfectant, sterilizing, and curative antibacterial agents.

The function of noncoding sequence variations at ZNF143 binding sites in breast cancer cells is currently not well understood. Distal elements and promoters, also known as cis-regulatory elements, control the expression of genes. They may be identified by functional genomic techniques and sequence conservation, and they frequently show cell- and tissue-type specificity. The creation, destruction, or modulation of TF binding and function may be influenced by genetic modifications at TF binding sites that affect the binding affinity. Therefore, noncoding mutations that affect the ZNF143 binding site may be able to alter the expression of some genes in breast cancer. In order to understand the relationship among ZNF143, gene expression patterns, and noncoding mutations, we adopted an integrative strategy in this study and paid close attention to putative immunological signaling pathways. The immune system-related pathways ErbB, HIF1a, NF-kB, FoxO, JAK-STAT, Wnt, Notch, cell cycle, PI3K–AKT, RAP1, calcium signaling, cell junctions and adhesion, actin cytoskeleton regulation, and cancer pathways are among those that may be significant, according to the overall analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammation characterized by macrophage infiltration, lipid deposition, and arterial wall thickening. Prevention of atherosclerosis by nutraceuticals is gaining attention. Myricetin, a dietary flavonol, is claimed to possess anti-atherosclerosis properties. We studied myricetin's effect on the atherosclerosis-associated molecular mechanism. Cytotoxicity and proliferation testing to check the viability of myricetin-treated THP-1 macrophages and monocyte migration study in the presence and absence of myricetin was performed. The whole transcriptome analysis was conducted using the Affymetrix microarray platform. The Partek genomics suite for detecting differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and ingenuity pathway analysis was used to identify canonical pathways. Cytotoxicity assays exhibited no significant toxicity in THP-1 macrophages treated with different myricetin concentrations (10–200 μM). Genome-wide expression profiling revealed 58 DEGs (53 upregulated and 5 downregulated) in myricetin-treated THP-1 macrophages. Pathway analysis revealed inhibition of LXR/RXR activation and angiogenesis inhibition by thrombospondin-1 and activated phagocytosis in myricetin-treated THP-1 macrophages. The cytotoxicity assay shows myricetin as a safe phytochemical. In vitro and in silico pathway studies on THP-1 macrophages showed that they can inhibit THP-1 monocyte migration and alter the cholesterol efflux mediated via LXR/RXR signaling. Therefore, myricetin could help in the prevention of cell infiltration in atherosclerotic plaque with reduced risk of stroke or brain damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]