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This article seeks to reframe how early childhood educators think about their role in play by answering these questions: What really matters in play? How should we spend our time and energy planning, implementing, and building our expertise around play in early childhood teaching and learning? The answers reside in 5 big ideas from play research studies, meta-analyses, and meta-syntheses. We unpack these research findings and show the implications for practice. Across all 5 big ideas, the common factor is developing language. The quality of our interactions and conversational rounds and the intentionality of our language are pivotal, controllable factors that impact children's learning and development. Therefore, we must enter children's play with intentionality to talk with children and to create equitable and inclusive spaces for all children.

Background: Capturing measures of students' attitudes toward science has long been a focus within the field of science education. The resulting interest has led to the development of many instruments over the years. There is considerable disagreement about how attitudes should be measured, and especially whether students' attitudes toward science can or should be measured unidimensionally, or whether separate attitude dimensions or subscales should be considered. When it is agreed upon that the attitudes toward science construct should be measured along separate subscales, there is no consensus about which subscales should be used. Methods: A streamlined version of the modified Attitudes Towards Science Inventory (mATSI), a widely used science measurement instrument, was validated for a more diverse sample as compared to the original study (Weinburgh and Steele in Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering 6:87-94, 2000). The analytical approach used factor analyses and longitudinal measurement invariance. The study used a sample of 2016 self-reported responses from 6 and 7th grade students. The factor analysis elucidated the factor structure of students' attitudes toward science, and some modifications were made in accordance with the results. Measurement invariance analysis was used to confirm the stability of the measure. Results: Our results support that the subscales, "anxiety toward science" and "value and enjoyment of science," are two factors and stable over time. Conclusions: Our results suggest that our proposed modified factor structure for students' attitudes toward science is reliable, valid, and appropriate for use in longitudinal studies. This study and its resulting streamlined mATSI survey could be of value to those interested in studying student engagement and measuring middle-school students' attitudes toward science.

We argue, based on a multi-year collaboration to develop a pedagogy course for physics majors by experts in physics, education, and the science of learning, that the process of teaching science majors about education and the science of learning, and evidence-based teaching methods in particular, requires conceptual change analogous to that encountered by students in introductory physics classes. Similar to students learning many natural science concepts, science majors default to naïve theories of learning based on their own experiences and preferences, even when in conflict with educational research. Their demonstrated ability to analyze research on teaching and learning in the framework of the scientific method ultimately does not translate into acceptance of the outcomes as valid. We suggest a number of contributing factors. Recognizing the need to target conceptual change is critical in informing how we educate science students who are interested in teaching, whether as a profession or in a shorter-term capacity such as a graduate teaching assistant. It also suggests that an approach different from the way we typically teach science-education students is needed.

The article emphasizes the importance of clarity in early childhood education, focusing on how educators can effectively communicate learning objectives to children. It discusses topics such as the what, why, and how of learning, using intentional language and strategies to empower children's understanding and agency in their learning journeys.

The purpose of this study was to investigate links among experiences commonly associated with strategies and experiences of surface versus deep learning in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses, STEM school graduates' (n = 3,526) reported level of college readiness, and eventual completion of university degrees in a STEM discipline. Using logistic regression analysis, we identified 4 variables linked to reported feelings of college readiness of graduates of specialized STEM high schools and their reported undergraduate degrees. These variables comprised: (a) the level of focus on deep conceptual understanding in STEM content, (b) the number of concepts covered in high school STEM classes, (c) the depth of concept coverage, and (d) connections made between STEM concepts and other content areas. Of these 4 variables, some were found to be positively associated with graduates' feelings of college readiness; yet, no variables were associated with earning an undergraduate degree in STEM.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between self-efficacy and maintenance of interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) resulting in completion of an undergraduate degree in a science related area. To pursue this analysis, the researchers surveyed 3,510 graduates from selective specialized science high schools within the United States as well as 603 same age participants in Talent Search programs who did not graduate from a specialized science high school. Using binary logistic regression analysis, the researchers identified individual-level variables associated with the decision by both groups of high-ability adolescents to earn an undergraduate degree in STEM. These variables include self-efficacy and stability of interest in science, mathematics, and/or technology, and suggest that both specialized science high schools and Talent Search programs both serve equally well as incubators of talent for adolescents with a proclivity for STEM related disciplines.

What motivates individuals to embark on graduate careers in physics and chemistry and how could these motivations impact future productivity? This study examines gender differences in such motivations and their ability to predict select future success outcomes (publications and grant funding) for physical scientists. The data were obtained as part of Project Crossover, a national study of physicists and chemists. Overall, motivations for males and females were similar. Regression results indicate that individuals who chose a graduate career in the physical sciences primarily because they enjoyed thinking about science or were encouraged by significant others were more productive in terms of primary/first-author publications and generation of grant funding than those who were motivated by factors such as academic performance or desire to impact society. (Contains 2 figures and 3 tables.)

Spurred by concerns about an inadequately sized science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce, there has been a growing interest in out-of-school time (OST) science activities as a means to foster STEM career interest. This study examines the association between OST science activities and STEM career interest in university through a logistic regression model and the calculation of prototypical odds ratios. The analysis addresses two main research questions: What is the correlation among different forms of OST activities? And, controlling for student demographic and background variables, what specific forms of OST activities are associated with STEM career interest in university? The study uses data from the "Persistence Research in Science and Engineering" survey (n = 6882), which employs a nationally representative sample of university students enrolled in introductory English courses. Results indicate that students' participation in OST activities, as well as their middle school interest in science and mathematics and their gender, plays a significant role in university career interest in STEM. Conclusions suggest that making OST clubs and competitions and the inclusion of non-fiction and science fiction within English Language Arts programmes may be beneficial to the development of students in STEM careers. Limitations include the paucity of research examining which students participate in these activities and what specific features or characteristics benefit them.

In a climate where increasing numbers of students are encouraged to pursue post-secondary education, the level of preparedness students have for college-level coursework is not far from the minds of all educators, especially high school teachers. Specifically within the biological sciences, introductory biology classes often serve as the gatekeeper or a pre-requisite for subsequent coursework in those fields and pre-professional programmes (eg pre-medicine or pre-veterinarian). Thus, how helpful high school science and mathematics experiences are in preparing students for their introductory biology classes is important and relevant for teachers, science educators and policy makers alike. This quantitative study looked at the association between students' high school science and mathematics experiences with introductory college biology performance. Using a nationally representative sample of US students ("n" = 2667) enrolled in 33 introductory college biology courses, a multi-level statistical model was developed to analyse the association between high school educational experiences and the final course grade in introductory biology courses. Advanced high school science and mathematics coursework, an emphasis on a deep conceptual understanding of biology concepts and a prior knowledge of concepts addressed in well-structured laboratory investigations are all positively associated with students' achievement in introductory college biology. (Contains 1 table.)

The purpose of this study was to investigate links among experiences commonly associated with strategies and experiences of surface versus deep learning in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses, STEM school graduates' (n = 3,526) reported level of college readiness, and eventual completion of university degrees in a STEM discipline. Using logistic regression analysis, we identified 4 variables linked to reported feelings of college readiness of graduates of specialized STEM high schools and their reported undergraduate degrees. These variables comprised: (a) the level of focus on deep conceptual understanding in STEM content, (b) the number of concepts covered in high school STEM classes, (c) the depth of concept coverage, and (d) connections made between STEM concepts and other content areas. Of these 4 variables, some were found to be positively associated with graduates' feelings of college readiness; yet, no variables were associated with earning an undergraduate degree in STEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a climate where increasing numbers of students are encouraged to pursue post-secondary education, the level of preparedness students have for college-level coursework is not far from the minds of all educators, especially high school teachers. Specifically within the biological sciences, introductory biology classes often serve as the gatekeeper or a pre-requisite for subsequent coursework in those fields and pre-professional programmes (egpre-medicine or pre-veterinarian). Thus, how helpful high school science and mathematics experiences are in preparing students for their introductory biology classes is important and relevant for teachers, science educators and policy makers alike. This quantitative study looked at the association between students' high school science and mathematics experiences with introductory college biology performance. Using a nationally representative sample of US students (n = 2667) enrolled in 33 introductory college biology courses, a multi-level statistical model was developed to analyse the association between high school educational experiences and the final course grade in introductory biology courses. Advanced high school science and mathematics coursework, an emphasis on a deep conceptual understanding of biology concepts and a prior knowledge of concepts addressed in well-structured laboratory investigations are all positively associated with students' achievement in introductory college biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]