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Abdulrahman Y Almansouri,1 Zeyad A Alzahrani2 1Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Abdulrahman Y Almansouri P.O. Box 7194, Jeddah 21462, Saudi ArabiaTel +966 565656486Email red.amlor@gmail.comAbstract: We report a case of 30-year-old female who presented initially with hair loss, photosensitive malar rash, morning stiffness and synovitis. She was diagnosed with Rhupus syndrome based on clinical and laboratory findings. Few months after starting hydroxychloroquine, esomeprazole and azathioprine, and failing methotrexate (because of erosive pill-induced esophagitis), she presented with generalized maculopapular dusky reddish rash in her body, back and extremities. Her anti-double stranded-DNA, anti-nuclear antibody, anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB were positive. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody was moderately positive. She had low complements: C3 and C4. Herpes simplex IgM and mycoplasma tested negative. Skin biopsy from right arm showed evidence of erythema multiform. She met the criteria for the diagnosis of Rowell syndrome. We managed her with hydroxychloroquine, prednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil and topical agents and discontinued esomeprazole. We also review the management of Rowell syndrome in the literature.Keywords: Rowell syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, erythema multiform, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis

ABSTRACTThe primary objective of this study was to optimize the production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by L. kefiranofaciens ZW3 through the utilization of response surface methodology (RSM). Central Composite Design (CCD) was used along with three variables to study the response variable. The effects of lactose (0.16–1.84%), tryptophan (0.16–0.84%), and pH (5.06–7.24) on EPS production were studied. RSM analysis revealed that coefficient of determination (0.9907) was good for the second-order polynomial model. The optimum values of explanatory variables were 0.36% lactose, 0.23% tryptophan, and pH value of 5.19. Additional experiments were performed to confirm the adequacy of this model. The predicted value of EPS at optimized level was 1609 mg/L, while its experimental value at optimized level was 1602 ± 3 mg/L. This study could help to produce higher amount of EPS from L. kefiranofaciens ZW3, which has a lot of industrial applications.

Abstract Background Hoarding disorder is characterized by a persistent inability to part with possessions due to a perceived need to keep them, regardless of their actual value. Arabic-speaking populations currently lack a validated tool specifically designed to assess hoarding symptoms. Objective This study aimed to translate, adapt, and validate the Hoarding Rating Scale-Self Report (HRS-SR) into the Arabic-language. Methods The study employed the gold standard approach to translation, involving forward translation by independent translators and back translation review. We conducted a cross-sectional study using an online survey completed by 500 participants from four Arabic-speaking countries. Psychometric analyses included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity against generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), and confirmatory factor analysis. Results With a McDonald’s omega and Cronbach’s alpha of approximately 0.80, the Arabic translation of the HRS-SR showed acceptable test-retest reliability as well as good internal consistency. The survey also showed strong convergent validity with the 7-item survey for GAD-7. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a one-factor structure, confirming that each item measured the same construct. Conclusion The HRS-SR is a trustworthy and valid tool for evaluating hoarding symptoms in Arabic-speaking people. This survey could be helpful for both clinical and academic research. Future research should examine cultural variations in hoarding behavior in Arabic-speaking populations and validate the questionnaire in clinical populations.

Abstract The limited and inconvenient functionality of conventional light switches is out of pace with current advancements in wireless sensors. A chipless RFID light switch (CLS) that is passive, battery‐free and relocatable and maintains the convenience of having physical buttons for controlling lightbulbs or other electrical devices is introduced. These characteristics have been achieved by attaching single‐pole‐single‐through toggle switches to the edges of radio frequency spiral resonators. The status of the switches activates or deactivates the resonators, allowing the CLS tag to passively communicate the status of the switches. A CLS tag with two ID resonators (used for tag identifications), and two measurement resonators [MRs] (connected with switches and used to communicate the status of the switches) was designed and fabricated using a 1‐mm‐thick FR4 substrate. Measurement results showed resonant frequencies at 1115 and 1220 MHz corresponding to the ID resonators and frequencies at 848 and 971 MHz corresponding to the MRs. Turning the switches OFF and ON successfully activated and deactivated the MRs.

Age-associated deep-subcortical white matter lesions (DSCLs) are an independent risk factor for dementia, displaying high levels of CD68+ microglia. This study aimed to characterize the transcriptomic profile of microglia in DSCLs and surrounding radiologically normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) compared to non-lesional control white matter. CD68+ microglia were isolated from white matter groups (n = 4 cases per group) from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study neuropathology cohort using immuno-laser capture microdissection. Microarray gene expression profiling, but not RNA-sequencing, was found to be compatible with immuno-LCM-ed post-mortem material in the CFAS cohort and identified significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional grouping and pathway analysis were assessed using the Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) software, and immunohistochemistry was performed to validate gene expression changes at the protein level. Transcriptomic profiling of microglia in DSCLs compared to non-lesional control white matter identified 181 significant DEGs (93 upregulated and 88 downregulated). Functional clustering analysis in DAVID revealed dysregulation of haptoglobin–haemoglobin binding (Enrichment score 2.5, p = 0.017), confirmed using CD163 immunostaining, suggesting a neuroprotective microglial response to blood–brain barrier dysfunction in DSCLs. In NAWM versus control white matter, microglia exhibited 347 DEGs (209 upregulated, 138 downregulated), with significant dysregulation of protein de-ubiquitination (Enrichment score 5.14, p < 0.001), implying an inability to maintain protein homeostasis in NAWM that may contribute to lesion spread. These findings enhance understanding of microglial transcriptomic changes in ageing white matter pathology, highlighting a neuroprotective adaptation in DSCLs microglia and a potentially lesion-promoting phenotype in NAWM microglia.

Atherosclerosis is characterised by abnormal lipid and cell accumulation within arterial layers that leads to disturbed blood flow. Modified cholesterol forms such as oxidised low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) enter cells altering their phenotype, triggering over-exuberant repair and arterial occlusion, myocardial infarction or stroke. We hypothesised that oxLDL enters vascular wall cells and induces interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion, potentially via a caspase-1/NLRP3 mechanism. Human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) and smooth muscle cells (HCASMC), isolated from different donors, were cultured and stimulated (primed) with pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1α (10 ng/mL each, for 48 h), followed by incubation with human oxLDL (10–50 ug/mL) for up to 6 h. Inhibitors of caspase-1 (YVAD), NLRP3 (MCC950) and gasdermin D (disulfiram) were added 1 h before oxLDL. Cell lysates and culture supernatants were collected and analysed for IL-1β using ELISA. Microscopy imaging showed oxLDL entered stimulated cells and formed particles. OxLDL at 20 and 50 ug/mL induced the maximum release of IL-1β from stimulated HCASMCs and HCAECs, respectively, compared to control. Inhibition of either NLRP3, caspase-1 or gasdermin D significantly reduced the release of IL-1β (4-fold, P < 0.0001; 14-fold, P < 0.0001, 1.5-fold, P < 0.0003, respectively) in HCAEC. In contrast, in HCASMCs, only caspase-1 inhibition reduced the release of IL-1β (2.1-fold, P < 0.0001). HCAECs and HCASMCs elicited the release of IL-1β in response to the same stimulus via different mechanisms. In HCAECs, released IL-1β potentially exits via a GSDMD-induced membrane pore. These data suggest that caspase-1 or gasdermin D inhibition is likely to be effective vessel wall cell-specific strategies for the reduction of atherosclerosis.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which became a pandemic in late 2019 and early 2020. Apart from many other symptoms of this infection, such as loss of smell and taste, rashes, body aches, fatigue, and psychological and cardiac symptoms, it also causes vasodilation in response to inflammation via nitric oxide release. SARS CoV-2 affects microcirculation, resulting in the swelling and damage of endothelial cells, micro thrombosis, constriction of capillaries, and damage to pericytes that are vital for the integrity of capillaries, angiogenesis, and the healing process. Cytokine storming has been associated with COVID-19 illness. Capillary damage and congestion may cause limited diffusion exchange of oxygen in the lungs and hence hypoxemia and tissue hypoxia occur. This perspective study will explore the involvement of capillary damage and inflammation by their interference with blood and tissue oxygenation as well as brain function in the persistent symptoms and severity of COVID-19. The overall effects of capillary damage due to COVID-19, microvascular damage, and hypoxia in vital organs are also discussed in this perspective. Once initiated, this vicious cycle causes inflammation due to hypoxia, resulting in limited capillary function, which in turn causes inflammation and tissue damage. Low oxygen levels and high cytokines in brain tissue may lead to brain damage. The after-effects may be in the form of psychological symptoms such as mood changes, anxiety, depression, and many others that need to be investigated.

Introduction Myxoma is a rare benign kidney tumor. Only 18 cases have been described in the literature. We report a new case of renal myxoma that arises from the renal parenchyma. Case presentation A 56‐year‐old man, medically free, presented complaining of intermittent vague left‐side abdominal pain for 1 year, otherwise no history of gross hematuria or lower urinary tract symptoms. Clinical examination revealed a soft, non‐tender abdomen. All laboratory investigations were within normal. Abdominal and pelvic computed tomography scan with contrast revealed a large mass located in the upper pole of left kidney with the possibility of renal cell carcinoma. A laparoscopic‐assisted left robotic radical nephrectomy was performed. Microscopic examination revealed renal myxoma. Conclusion Renal myxoma is a very rare benign kidney tumor with excellent prognosis. Considering its rarity, it is important to recognize this entity to avoid diagnostic errors with other neoplasms with prominent myxoid features.

The Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting the central nervous system and motor functions. The biological complexity of PD is yet to reveal potential targets for intervention or to slow the disease severity. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the fidelity of blood to substantia nigra (SN) tissue gene expression from PD patients to provide a systematic approach to predict role of the key genes of PD pathobiology. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from multiple microarray data sets of PD blood and SN tissue from GEO database are identified. Using the theoretical network approach and variety of bioinformatic tools, we prioritized the key genes from DEGs. A total of 540 and 1024 DEGs were identified in blood and SN tissue samples, respectively. Functional pathways closely related to PD such as ERK1 and ERK2 cascades, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, Wnt, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and PI3K-Akt signaling were observed by enrichment analysis. Expression patterns of 13 DEGs were similar in both blood and SN tissues. Comprehensive network topological analysis and gene regulatory networks identified additional 10 DEGs functionally connected with molecular mechanisms of PD through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), autophagy, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways. Potential drug molecules were identified by chemical-protein network and drug prediction analysis. These potential candidates can be further validated in vitro/in vivo to be used as biomarkers and/or novel drug targets for the PD pathology and/or to arrest or delay the neurodegeneration over the years, respectively.

Introduction: PIM kinases are targets for therapeutic intervention since they are associated with a number of malignancies by boosting cell survival and proliferation. Over the past years, the rate of new PIM inhibitors discovery has increased significantly, however, new generation of potent molecules with the right pharmacologic profiles were in demand that can probably lead to the development of Pim kinase inhibitors that are effective against human cancer.Method: In the current study, a machine learning and structure based approaches were used to generate novel and effective chemical therapeutics for PIM-1 kinase. Four different machine learning methods, namely, support vector machine, random forest, k-nearest neighbour and XGBoost have been used for the development of models. Total, 54 Descriptors have been selected using the Boruta method.Results: SVM, Random Forest and XGBoost shows better performance as compared to k-NN. An ensemble approach was implemented and, finally, four potential molecules (CHEMBL303779, CHEMBL690270, MHC07198, and CHEMBL748285) were found to be effective for the modulation of PIM-1 activity. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation corroborated the potentiality of the selected molecules. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study indicated the stability between protein and ligands.Discussion: Our findings suggest that the selected models are robust and can be potentially useful for facilitating the discovery against PIM kinase.

In Saudi Arabia, tourism is becoming increasingly popular, and forms an essential element of Vision 2030. Accordingly, food service establishments (FSEs) including hotels, ordinary restaurants, heritage restaurants and productive families (i.e., home-based catering) provide heritage cuisine to tourists. This study aimed to assess the authenticity and safety risks associated with the production of heritage food dishes in different FSEs. An online questionnaire was administered in Saudi Arabia, and a total of 85 culinary professionals from different FSEs responded. The culinary professionals were requested to provide opinions on the frequency of food safety and authenticity risk situations at their FSEs, using a five-point Likert scale. The results indicate that most food safety risk situations occur less frequently in hotels because of strict food safety management systems. In contrast, food safety risk situations are more frequent in ordinary and heritage restaurants, particularly in the absence of personal hygiene requirements. In productive families, most food safety risk situations occur because there are no control systems or inspections. Authenticity risks occur less frequently in productive families and heritage restaurants than in other FSEs. Hotels often/always face authenticity risk situations, such as cooking of heritage dishes by non-Saudi culinary professionals and the use of modern equipment. Ordinary restaurants face the highest risk, mostly because of the limited knowledge and skills of the cooks. Overall, this study provides the first insight into the occurrence of possible safety and authenticity risk situations during the preparation of heritage dishes; this information may contribute to improve the production of safe and authentic heritage dishes in the hospitality industry for tourists and local people.

Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) is used broadly and inclusively to describe communities with diverse language, ethnic background, nationality, dress, traditions, food, societal structures, art and religion characteristics. Domestic CALD people are either refugees or voluntary migrants and have obtained permanent residency or citizenship. This paper identifies the key issues, challenges and needs of first year domestic CALD students from refugee backgrounds at a multi-campus regional university in Queensland, Australia. The term refugee background is used in the paper as the students are no longer refugees having successfully transitioned from refugee status to being permanent residents. Qualitative data was collected through one-on-one semi-structured interviews and focus groups with domestic CALD students from refugee backgrounds, and from key informants including teaching, administrative, and senior management staff members. Other than language and differences in education styles, this cohort of students faced other challenges, particularly in a regional setting, including socio-cultural issues, technology issues, family and health challenges and limited staff awareness of refugee needs. The findings provide insights into how Australian regional university policy makers could develop effective strategies, practices, procedures and policies to support CALD students from refugee backgrounds and to improve their retention and progression.

الملخص: أهداف البحث: فقدان الوزن هو عنصر أساسي في علاج النوع الثاني من السكري. يمكن تحقيق هذه النتيجة عن طريق تكميم المعدة بالمنظار. تهدف هذه الدراسة لتحديد فاعلية تكميم المعدة بالمنظار لإنقاص الوزن، وتقييم تأثيرها للتحكم على النوع الثاني من السكري عن طريق قياس السكر التراكمي ومؤشر كتلة الجسم قبل الجراحة وخلال العام الأول بعد تكميم المعدة بالمنظار. طرق البحث: أجريت هذه الدراسة بأثر رجعي على ٣٤٠ مريضا أعمارهم ≥ ١٥ عاما، مصابون بالنوع الثاني من السكري ومؤشر كتلة الجسم ≥ ٣٥ كجم/م٢. خضع هؤلاء المرضى لعملية تكميم المعدة بالمنظار في مستشفى الملك فهد بالمدينة المنورة بالمملكة العربية السعودية بين ١ يناير٢٠١٥ و٣١ يوليو ٢٠١٩. تم قياس السكر التراكمي ومؤشر كتلة الجسم قبل الجراحة وثم بعد الجراحة في أقل من شهر واحد، ١-٣، ٤-٦، ٧-٩، ١٠-١٢ شهرا وبعد عام واحد. النتائج: انخفض المتوسط لمؤشر كتلة الجسم بشكل مستمر من ٤٩.٢٧ كجم/م٢ قبل العملية إلى ٣٢.٧٢ كجم/م٢ بعد ١٠-١٢ شهرا من تكميم المعدة بالمنظار. كان هناك انخفاض ملحوظ في متوسط السكر التراكمي من ٨.٣٨٪ إلى٦.٤٣٪ في عام واحد. وصل ٧٥٪ من المرضى إلى المستوى المطلوب للسكر التراكمي ٦.٥٪ أو أقل في عام واحد. أظهر ٢٥٪ المتبقيين من المرضى تحسنا في السكر التراكمي ولكن أقل من المستوى المطلوب. الاستنتاجات: تدعم هذه الدراسة النتيجة الإيجابية لعملية تكميم المعدة بالمنظار على كلا من فقدان الوزن وحالة السكري. هناك انخفاض كبير في كلا من مؤشر كتلة الجسم (حتى العام الأول) ومستويات السكر التراكمي بعد الجراحة. Abstract: Objectives: Weight loss is a key component in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This outcome can be potentially achieved by laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). This study aims to determine the efficacy of LSG in reducing weight and to evaluate its impact on controlling T2DM by measuring HbA1c and body mass index (BMI) preoperatively and during the first year following the procedure. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out on 340 patients aged ≥15 years who had T2DM and a BMI of ≥ 35 kg/m2. These patients had LSG at King Fahad Hospital Almadinah Almunawwarah KSA between January 2015 and July 2019. Their HbA1c and BMI were measured preoperatively and then postoperatively at less than one month, 1–3, 4–6, 7–9, and 10–12 months as well as after one year. Results: Average BMI dropped consistently from a preoperative BMI of 49.27 kg/m2 to 32.72 kg/m2 at 10–12 months following LSG. A reduction in HbA1c from 8.38% to 6.43% was observed over one year (p = 0.0001). Seventy-five percent of the patients achieved the HbA1c target of 6.5% or less within one year. The remaining 25% of the patients showed improvement in their HbA1c but did not reach the target level. Conclusion: This study endorses a positive impact of LSG on both weight loss and diabetic status. There was a significant reduction of both BMI (up to the first year) and HbA1c levels postoperatively.

This document provides a summary of a research study that explores the relationship between IDH mutation, MGMT-promoter methylation, and PRMT5 gene expression in grade 4 astrocytoma. The study found that there is a significant relationship between MGMT-promoter methylation and IDH mutation in these tumors. It also suggests that using a PRMT5 inhibitor may be beneficial in tumor regression. The document also includes a list of references related to glioblastoma, providing valuable information for researchers and individuals interested in studying this type of brain cancer. [Extracted from the article]