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1. ZooMS confirms geometric morphometrics species identification of ancient sheep and goat

Author: Marine Jeanjean, Krista McGrath, Silvia Valenzuela-Lamas, Ariadna Nieto-Espinet, Renate Schafberg, Pere Miquel Parés-Casanova, Sergio Jiménez-Manchón, Claude Guintard, Faiza Tekkouk, Rania Ridouh, Cyprien Mureau, and Allowen Evin
Subjects: caprines identifications, GMM, Ovis aries, Capra hircus, paleoproteins, third lower molar, Science
Abstract: Geometric morphometrics can effectively distinguish isolated third lower molars of present-day sheep and goat, but its applicability to archaeological specimens has yet to be established. Using a modern reference collection of 743 sheep and goats and a two-dimensional landmark-based geometric morphometric (GMM) protocol, this study aimed to morphometrically identify 109 archaeological specimens, used as case studies, dating from the Late Neolithic to the modern period/era. These morphometric identifications were then compared to molecular identifications via collagen peptide mass fingerprinting, known as Zooarcheology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS). ZooMS confirmed the morphometric identifications for 104 specimens, with the five misidentified specimens all morphometrically identified as goat. Modern sheep and goats have larger teeth and distinct shapes compared to their archaeological counterparts, suggesting strong differences between archaeological and modern specimens potentially linked with recent breed improvement or geographical origin of the specimens. In addition, for both species, some of the archaeological dental morphologies do not match with any of our modern references. This study validates the applicability of geometric morphometrics for identifying isolated archaeological sheep and goat teeth. It represents a stepping stone for future, non-destructive, bioarchaeological studies of the two species.
Published: 2023
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2. Morphometrics of waterlogged archaeological seeds give new insights into the domestication and spread of Papaver somniferum L. in Western Europe

Author: Ana Jesus, Vincent Bonhomme, Allowen Evin, Raül Soteras, Stefanie Jacomet, Laurent Bouby, and Ferran Antolín
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Domesticated opium poppy Papaver somniferum L. subsp. somniferum probably originated in the Western Mediterranean from its possible wild progenitor, Papaver somniferum L. subsp. setigerum and spread to other European regions. Seeds of opium poppy have been identified in different European regions since the Early Neolithic (from the 6th millennium cal. BC onwards) period. However, until recently, the absence of morphological identification criteria has prevented the discrimination between wild and domestic morphotypes. New morphometric approaches to distinguish modern subspecies have been proven to be applicable to waterlogged archaeological remains, opening the possibility of understanding the process of domestication of the plant in both time and space. This paper applies seed outline analyses, namely elliptic Fourier transforms, combined with size and number of cells to archaeological waterlogged Papaver seeds throughout the Neolithic period in the NW Mediterranean and the surroundings of the Alps. Furthermore, one example from the Late Bronze Age (LBA) was added to see what kind of differences appeared during the >1000 years between the end of the Neolithic and the LBA. The aim of the study is to classify the archaeological seeds as domestic or wild morphotypes and observe morphometric changes in connection to geographical and chronological patterns that can explain the spread and domestication process(es) of this important crop. A total of 295 archaeological seeds coming from 10 waterlogged sites dating between 5300–2300 cal. BC (Neolithic), and one LBA site dating to 1070 cal. BC were analysed. The results indicate the presence of seeds, similar to the wild morphotype, in the Mediterranean sites and larger seeds, similar to the domestic morphotype, in the regions surrounding the Alps. The number of cells mainly increased during the Late Neolithic (3300 to 2300 cal. BC) and, finally, in the Late Bronze Age (ca. 1050–800 cal. BC), larger, morphologically domesticated seeds are clearly predominant. A change in the shape of the seeds is only clearly visible in the LBA material. Altogether our results suggest that opium poppy seeds show no sign of domestication in the early periods of the Neolithic, despite the fact that the plant was very probably already cultivated at that time in the western Mediterranean region.
Published: 2023

3. Barley systematics and taxonomy foreseen by seed morphometric variation.

Author: Angèle Jeanty, Laurent Bouby, Vincent Bonhomme, François Balfourier, Clément Debiton, Camille Dham, Sarah Ivorra, Jérôme Ros, and Allowen Evin
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Since its Neolithic domestication in the Fertile Crescent, barley has spread to all continents and represents a major cereal in many modern agrarian systems. Current barley diversity includes thousands of varieties divided into four main categories corresponding to 2-row and 6-row subspecies and naked and hulled types, each of them with winter and spring varieties. This diversity is associated to different uses and allow cultivation in diverse environments. We used a large dataset of 58 varieties of French origin, (1) to assess the taxonomic signal in barley grain measurements comparing 2-row and 6-row subspecies, and naked and hulled types; (2) to test the impact of the sowing period and interannual variation on the grains size and shape; (3) to investigate the existence of morphological differences between winter and spring types; and finally (4) to contrast the relationship between the morphometric and genetic proximity. Size and shape of 1980 modern barley caryopses were quantified through elliptic Fourier Transforms and traditional size measurements. Our results indicate that barley grains record morphological diversity of the ear (89.3% classification accuracy between 2-row/6-row subspecies; 85.2% between hulled and naked type), sowing time of the grains (from 65.6% to 73.3% within barley groups), and environmental conditions during its cultivation and varietal diversity. This study opens perspectives for studying archaeological barley seeds and tracing the barley diversity and evolution since the Neolithic.
Published: 2023
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4. Pip shape echoes grapevine domestication history

Author: Vincent Bonhomme, Sarah Ivorra, Thierry Lacombe, Allowen Evin, Isabel Figueiral, David Maghradze, Cécile Marchal, Clémence Pagnoux, Thierry Pastor, Hervé Pomarèdes, Roberto Bacilieri, Jean-Frédéric Terral, and Laurent Bouby
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract The pip, as the most common grapevine archaeological remain, is extensively used to document past viticulture dynamics. This paper uses state of the art morphological analyses to analyse the largest reference collection of modern pips to date, representative of the present-day diversity of the domesticated grapevine from Western Eurasia. We tested for a costructure between the form of the modern pips and the: destination use (table/wine), geographical origins, and populational labels obtained through two molecular approaches. Significant structuring is demonstrated for each of these cofactors and for the first time it is possible to infer properties of varieties without going through the parallel with modern varieties. These results provide a unique tool that can be applied to archaeological pips in order to reconstruct the spatio-temporal dynamics of grape diversity on a large scale and to better understand viticulture history. The models obtained were then used to infer the affiliations with archaeobotanical remains recovered in Mas de Vignoles XIV (Nîmes, France). The results show a twofold shift between the Late Iron Age and the Middle Ages, from table to wine grape varieties and from eastern to western origins which correlates with previous palaeogenomic results.
Published: 2021
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5. A morphometric approach to track opium poppy domestication

Author: Ana Jesus, Vincent Bonhomme, Allowen Evin, Sarah Ivorra, Raül Soteras, Aurélie Salavert, Ferran Antolín, and Laurent Bouby
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L. subsp. somniferum) was likely domesticated in the Western Mediterranean, where its putative wild ancestor is indigenous, and then spread to central and northern Europe. While opium poppy seeds are regularly identified in archaeobotanical studies, the absence of morphological criteria to distinguish the seeds of wild and domestic forms prevents the documentation of their respective historical and geographical occurrences and of the process of opium domestication as a whole. To fill this gap and better understand the status of this crop in the Neolithic, we combined seed outline analyses, namely elliptic Fourier transforms, with other morphometric descriptors to describe and identify Papaver setigerum, Papaver somniferum and other Papaver taxa. The combination of all measured parameters gives the most precise predictions for the identification of all seven taxa. We finally provide a case study on a Neolithic assemblage from a pile-dwelling site in Switzerland (Zurich-Parkhaus Opéra, ca. 3170 BC). Our results indicate the presence of mixed populations of domestic and wild seeds belonging to the P. somniferum group, suggesting that the plant was already in the process of domestication at the end of 4th millennium BC. Altogether, these results pave the way to understand the geography and history of the poppy domestication and its spread into Europe.
Published: 2021
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6. Author Correction: Bones geometric morphometrics illustrate 10th millennium cal. BP domestication of autochthonous Cypriot wild boar (Sus scrofa circeus nov. ssp)

Author: Thomas Cucchi, Auriale Domont, Hugo Harbers, Allowen Evin, Roger Alcàntara Fors, Maria Saña, Charlotte Leduc, Aurélie Guidez, Anne Bridault, Hitomi Hongo, Max Price, Joris Peters, François Briois, Jean Guilaine, and Jean‑Denis Vigne
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Published: 2021
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7. Building three-dimensional models before destructive sampling of bioarchaeological remains: a comment to Pálsdóttir et al. (2019)

Author: Allowen Evin, Renaud Lebrun, Marine Durocher, Carly Ameen, Greger Larson, and Naomi Sykes
Subjects: Science
Published: 2020
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8. Defining Fragmentation Patterns of Archaeological Bone Remains without Typologies: A Landmark-Based Approach on Rodent Mandibula

Author: Marine Durocher, Sandrine Grouard, Violaine Nicolas, Renan Maestri, and Allowen Evin
Subjects: geometric morphometrics, taphonomy, zooarchaeology, mandible, fragmentation, rodents, Human evolution, GN281-289, Stratigraphy, QE640-699
Abstract: Fragmentation is a recurring feature of archaeological faunal material, and impacts many aspects of zooarchaeological studies from taxonomical identification to biometric studies. It can result from anthropic and natural actions that occurred respectively before and/or after bone deposit. While several bone fragmentation typologies have been described, they are currently based on both macroscopic observations and researcher subjectivity and lack the universality necessary for inter-study comparisons. To fulfill this need we present a standardized landmark-based protocol for the description and quantification of mandibular fragmentation patterns, using two insular rodents of different sizes as models. The rice rats (Oryzomyini tribe) and the agouti (Dasyprocta) from the Lesser Antilles were abundant during the pre-Columbian Ceramic Age (500 BCE-1500 CE). Their mandibles’ shapes were quantified using the coordinates of 13 2D-landmarks. We show that landmark-based measurements can be used to:—assess the preservation differences between taxa of the same taxonomic group (e.g., rodents),—estimate the level of preservation of a skeletal part (e.g., mandible),—describe fragmentation patterns without pre-existing typologies and—facilitate the application of geometric morphometric methods to fragmented archaeological material. Our novel approach, leveraging fragmentation analyses and establishing specific fragmentation patterns, frees itself from existing typologies and could be systematically applied to future research.
Published: 2022
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9. Shape variation and modularity of skull and teeth in domesticated horses and wild equids

Author: Laura Heck, Laura A. B. Wilson, Allowen Evin, Madlen Stange, and Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra
Subjects: Domestication, Disparity, Modularity, Geometric morphometrics, Cranium, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract: Abstract Background In horses, the morphological changes induced by the process of domestication are reportedly less pronounced than in other species, such as dogs or pigs – although the horses’ disparity has rarely been empirically tested. We investigated shape differences and modularity of domesticated horses, Przewalski’s horses, donkeys and zebras. Mandibular and tooth shape have been shown to be valuable features for differentiating wild and domesticated forms in some mammals. Results Both mandible and teeth, show a pattern of shape space occupation analogous to that of the cranium, with domesticated horses occupying a similar extension in shape space to that of wild equids. Only cranial shape data exhibit a tendency to separate domesticated horses and Przewalski’s horses from donkeys and zebras. Maximum likelihood model-based tests confirm the horse cranium is composed of six developmental modules, as reported for placental mammals in general. The magnitude of integration in domesticated horse skull was lower than in wild equids across all six cranial modules, and lower values of integration were associated with higher disparity values across all modules. Conclusion This is the first study that combines different skeletal features for the description and comparison of shape changes in all living equid groups using geometric morphometrics. We support Darwin’s hypothesis that the shape variation in the skull of domesticated horses is similar to the shape variation of all wild equid species existing today. Lower magnitudes of module integration are recovered in domesticated horses compared to their wild relatives.
Published: 2018
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10. Eco-evo-devo implications and archaeobiological perspectives of trait covariance in fruits of wild and domesticated grapevines.

Author: Vincent Bonhomme, Sandrine Picq, Sarah Ivorra, Allowen Evin, Thierry Pastor, Roberto Bacilieri, Thierry Lacombe, Isabel Figueiral, Jean-Frédéric Terral, and Laurent Bouby
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: The phenotypic changes that occurred during the domestication and diversification of grapevine are well known, particularly changes in seed morphology, but the functional causes and consequences behind these variations are poorly understood. Wild and domesticate grapes differ, among others, in the form of their pips: wild grapes produce roundish pips with short stalks and cultivated varieties have more elongated pips with longer stalks. Such variations of form are of first importance for archaeobotany since the pip form is, most often, the only remaining information in archaeological settings. This study aims to enlighten archaeobotanical record and grapevine pip development by better understanding how size and shape (co)variates between pip and berry in both wild and domesticated Vitis vinifera. The covariation of berry size, number of seeds per berry ("piposity"), pip size and pip shape were explored on 49 grapevine accessions sampled among Euro-Mediterranean traditional cultivars and wild grapevines. We show that for wild grapevine, the higher the piposity, the bigger the berry and the more elongated the pip. For both wild and domesticated grapevine, the longer is the pip, the more it has a "domesticated" shape. Consequences for archaeobotanical studies are tested and discussed, and these covariations allowed the inference of berry dimensions from archaeological pips from a Southern France Roman site. This systematic exploration sheds light on new aspects of pip-berry relationship, in both size and shape, on grapevine eco-evo-devo changes during domestication, and invites to explore further the functional ecology of grapevine pip and berry and notably the impact of cultivation practices and human selection on grapevine morphology.
Published: 2020
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11. 3D Geometric Morphometrics Reveals Convergent Character Displacement in the Central European Contact Zone between Two Species of Hedgehogs (Genus Erinaceus)

Author: Barbora Černá Bolfíková, Allowen Evin, Markéta Rozkošná Knitlová, Miroslava Loudová, Anna Sztencel-Jabłonka, Wiesław Bogdanowicz, and Pavel Hulva
Subjects: convergent character displacement, Erinaceus, geometric morphometrics, species interactions, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract: Hedgehogs, as medium-sized plantigrade insectivores with low basal metabolic rates and related defensive anti-predator strategies, are quite sensitive to temperature and ecosystem productivity. Their ranges therefore changed dramatically due to Pleistocene climate oscillations, resulting in allopatric speciation and the subsequent formation of secondary contact zones. Such interactions between closely related species are known to generate strong evolutionary forces responsible for niche differentiation. In this connection, here, we detail the results of research on the phenotypic evolution in the two species of hedgehog present in central Europe, as based on genetics and geometric morphometrics in samples along a longitudinal transect that includes the contact zone between the species. While in allopatry, Erinaceus europaeus is found to have a larger skull than E. roumanicus and distinct cranial and mandibular shapes; the members of the two species in sympatry are smaller and more similar to each other, with a convergent shape of the mandible. The relevant data fail to reveal any major role for either hybridisation or clinal variation. We, therefore, hypothesise that competitive pressure exerted on the studied species does not generate divergent selection sufficient for divergent character displacement to evolve, instead giving rise to convergent selection in the face of resource limitation in the direction of smaller skull size. Considering the multi-factorial constraints present in the relevant adaptive landscape, reduction in size could also be facilitated by predator pressure in ecosystems characterised by mesopredator release and other anthropogenic factors. As the function of the animals’ lower jaw is mainly connected with feeding (in contrast to the cranium whose functions are obviously more complex), we interpret the similarity in shape as reflecting local adaptations to overlapping dietary resources in the two species and hence as convergent character displacement.
Published: 2020
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12. Earliest 'Domestic' Cats in China Identified as Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis).

Author: Jean-Denis Vigne, Allowen Evin, Thomas Cucchi, Lingling Dai, Chong Yu, Songmei Hu, Nicolas Soulages, Weilin Wang, Zhouyong Sun, Jiangtao Gao, Keith Dobney, and Jing Yuan
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: The ancestor of all modern domestic cats is the wildcat, Felis silvestris lybica, with archaeological evidence indicating it was domesticated as early as 10,000 years ago in South-West Asia. A recent study, however, claims that cat domestication also occurred in China some 5,000 years ago and involved the same wildcat ancestor (F. silvestris). The application of geometric morphometric analyses to ancient small felid bones from China dating between 5,500 to 4,900 BP, instead reveal these and other remains to be that of the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis). These data clearly indicate that the origins of a human-cat 'domestic' relationship in Neolithic China began independently from South-West Asia and involved a different wild felid species altogether. The leopard cat's 'domestic' status, however, appears to have been short-lived--its apparent subsequent replacement shown by the fact that today all domestic cats in China are genetically related to F. silvestris.
Published: 2016
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13. Reconstructing 15,000 years of southern France temperatures from coupled pollen and molecular (brGDGT) markers (Canroute, Massif Central)

Author: Léa d'Oliveira, Lucas Dugerdil, Guillemette Ménot, Allowen Evin, Serge D. Muller, Salomé Ansanay-Alex, Julien Azuara, Colline Bonnet, Laurent Bremond, Mehmet Shah, and Odile Peyron
Abstract: Climatic changes in southern Europe during the Holocene are characterised by a strong spatial and temporal heterogeneity whose patterns are still poorly understood, notably the presence or not of a Holocene thermal maximum (HTM; 10,000–6,000 cal. BP). The reconstructed climatic patterns also differ according to the proxies used (e.g., pollen, chironomid) and the latitude of the data. Here, a multi-proxy approach combining pollen and lipid biomarkers (branched Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers, brGDGTs) is applied to the Canroute sedimentological sequence to reconstruct the climatic variation over the last 15,000 years in southern Massif Central, France. This area is poorly documented in terms of vegetation and climate. To provide reliable climate reconstructions, we have (1) performed a multi-method comparison based on transfer functions applied to pollen (MAT, WA-PLS, BRT) and molecular biomarkers (brGDGTs), (2) investigated the role of modern databases/calibrations in climate reconstructions. Three different calibration databases were tested for pollen data: one global based on a Eurasian Pollen Database, and two regional databases corresponding to Mediterranean/Temperate Europe and Temperate Europe/Scandinavian databases respectively. Nine global calibrations were tested for lipid biomarkers including eight for soil and one for peat. The use of different modern databases highlights the importance of considering environmental and ecological constraints when using transfer functions on pollen sequences. Pollen and brGDGT-inferred climate trends are consistent, notably for the Lateglacial, the Early and Late Holocene. However, the reconstructions notably differ concerning the presence of a Holocene thermal maximum with the Modern Analogue Technique (MAT) pollen-based method but not apparent with the BRT pollen method nor brGDGT. The temperature reconstructions estimated from the two independent pollen and lipid proxies are then compared to regional published climate signals (chironomids, pollen, molecular biomarkers) to better derive global regional climatic patterns in South Europe. Altogether, our results from the Canroute sequence and those already available in southern Europe reveal that for the Lateglacial and Early Holocene, the regional climate trends are coherent between sites and proxies, supporting the reliability of their reconstructions despite some discrepancies. During the Holocene, the temperature signal of Canroute does not indicate the clear presence of a pronounced mid-Holocene thermal maximum, but rather stable and warmer temperature compared to Lateglacial ones and overall negative anomalies compared to modern annual temperatures.
Published: 2023
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14. Size and shape of the semicircular canal of the inner ear: A new marker of pig domestication?

Author: Allowen Evin, Loïc David, Antoine Souron, Bastien Mennecart, Maeva Orliac, Renaud Lebrun, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Naturhistorisches Museum Basel
Subjects: Swine, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Sus scrofa, Semicircular Canals, petrosal bone, Domestication, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Genetics, Animals, Molecular Medicine, Animal Science and Zoology, geometric morphometrics, X-ray tomography, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Developmental Biology
Abstract: International audience; Domestication has led to many changes in domestic animal biology, including their anatomy. The shape of the inner ear, part of the mammalian ear, has been found particularly relevant for discriminating domesticated species, their hybrids or differentiating the wild and domestic populations of a single species. Here we assessed the use of the size and shape of the semicircular canals (SCC) of the inner ear as a marker of pig domestication. We studied a total of 63 petrosal bones belonging to wild boar (Sus scrofa, two populations) and domestic pigs (extensively and intensively reared specimens) that were µCT-scanned and from which the size and the shape of the inner ear were quantified through geometric morphometrics, analyzing the 3D coordinates of 6 landmarks and 60 sliding semilandmarks localized on the SCC and the common crus. The domestic pigs have larger SCC than the wild boar from which they also strongly differ in shape (correct cross validation of 95.5%, confidence interval: 92.3%-98.1%). Strong shape differences were detected between the two populations of wild boar, as well as a sexual size dimorphism. All together the results highlight the taxonomic discriminant power of the SCC of the inner ear shape, and its relevance for domestication studies.
Published: 2022
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15. Bones geometric morphometrics illustrate 10th millennium cal. BP domestication of autochthonous Cypriot wild boar (Sus scrofa circeus nov. ssp)

Author: Jean Guilaine, Hugo Harbers, Roger Alcàntara Fors, Charlotte Leduc, François Briois, Max Price, Aurélie Guidez, Allowen Evin, Jean-Denis Vigne, Joris Peters, Maria Saña, Anne Bridault, Auriale Domont, Hitomi Hongo, Thomas Cucchi, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologies environnementales, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Faculty of Education, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie et histoire ancienne : Méditerranée - Europe (ARCHIMEDE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Evolution, Lineage (evolution), [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Science, Sus scrofa, Zoology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Domestication, 03 medical and health sciences, Wild boar, biology.animal, Animals, Animal Husbandry, Author Correction, History, Ancient, Morphometrics, Multidisciplinary, Epipaleolithic, biology, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, Geographic origin, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Medicine, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology
Abstract: Epipaleolithic hunter-gatherers from the Near East introduced wild boars (Sus scrofa) to Cyprus, with the Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) settlers hunting the wild descendants of these boars. However, the geographic origin of the Cypriot boar and how they were integrated into the earliest forms of pig husbandry remain unsolved. Here, we present data on 11,000 to 9000 cal. BP Sus scrofa from the PPN sites of Klimonas and Shillourokambos. We compared them to contemporaneous populations from the Near East and to Neolithic and modern populations in Corsica, exploring their origin and evolution using biosystematic signals from molar teeth and heel bones (calcanei), using 2D and 3D geometric morphometrics. We found that the Cypriot PPN lineage of Sus scrofa originates from the Northern Levant. Yet, their phenotypic idiosyncrasy suggest that they evolved into an insular sub-species that we named Sus scrofa circeus, referring to Circe, the metamorphosis goddess that changed Ulysses companions into pigs. The phenotypic homogeneity among PPNA Klimonas wild boars and managed populations of PPNB Shillourokambos suggests that local domestication has been undertaken on the endemic S. s. circeus, strengthening the idea that Cyprus was integrated into the core region of animal domestication.
Published: 2021
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16. Diversity of crops, weeds and cultivation practices in the Bronze Age and First Iron Age of South-Eastern France

Author: Laurent Bouby, Manon Cabanis, Geneviève Daoulas, Frédérique Durand, Allowen Evin, Isabel Figueiral, Laurie Flottes, Flora Garcia, Charlotte Hallavant, Angèle Jeanty, Philippe Marinval, Lucie Martin, Rachel Pinaud-Querrac'H, Jérôme Ros, Nuria Rovira Buendia, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archeodunum, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), ANR-16-CE27-0013,VINICULTURE,Vignes et vins en France du Néolithique au Moyen Age. Approche intégrée en archéosciences(2016), European Project: 852573,DEMETER, Ros, Jerome, Vignes et vins en France du Néolithique au Moyen Age. Approche intégrée en archéosciences - - VINICULTURE2016 - ANR-16-CE27-0013 - AAPG2016 - VALID, and Eight millennia of changes in domestic plants and animals: understanding local adaptation under socio-economic and climatic fluctuations - DEMETER - 852573 - INCOMING
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

17. A new way of seeing pulses: preliminary results of geometric morphometric analyses of Iron Age seeds from the site of La Font de la Canya (Barcelona, Spain)

Author: Sarah Ivorra, Miguel Tarongi, Vincent Bonhomme, Natàlia Alonso, Laurent Bouby, Dani López, Allowen Evin, GIP, 3DPatrimoni, Departament d’Història, Fac. de Lletres, INDEST, Universitat de Lleida, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, ArqueoVitis, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, Distance measurements, Lens culinaris, Future application, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Lathyrus sativus, Seed Outline, Lathyrus, 0601 history and archaeology, Legume, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Morphometrics, 060102 archaeology, biology, Paleontology, 06 humanities and the arts, Legumes, biology.organism_classification, Vicia faba, Taxon, Agronomy, Iron Age
Abstract: International audience; This study applied size and shape analyses through traditional and geometric morphometrics to quantify the differences between three taxa: Lathyrus sativus (grass pea), Lens culinaris (lentil) and Vicia faba (broad bean). This analysis represents a pilot study in view of a wider future application of this technique to identify the role of legumes throughout the Western Mediterranean in the Bronze and Iron Ages. Here, we quantify the morphological differences of seed species from the site of La Font de la Canya (Catalonia, Spain), an Iron Age (625-150 BC) centre of storage and trade which delivered a vast assemblage of cereal, fruit and legume remains. Our results reveal that seed outline analyses have a greater potential of prediction than length measurements. The combination of the two, however, leads to even more precise predictions. Moreover, the quantitative differences between the lentils of the different samples confirm the potential of these analyses to further identify intra-species morphotypes.
Published: 2020
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18. Archaeophenomics of ancient domestic plants and animals using geometric morphometrics : a review

Author: Allowen EVIN, Laurent Bouby, Vincent Bonhomme, Angèle Jeanty, Marine Jeanjean, Jean-Frédéric Terral, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and European Project: 852573,DEMETER
Subjects: domestication, diversification, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, bioarchaeology, phenotypic evolution, omics, artificial selection, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity
Abstract: International audience; Geometric morphometrics revolutionized domestication studies through the precise quantification of the phenotype of ancient plant and animal remains. Geometric morphometrics allow for an increasingly detailed understanding of the past agrobiodiversity and our ability to characterize large scale ancient phenotypes has led to what can be named archaeophenomics : the large scale phenotyping of ancient remains. This review describes advances in the bioarchaeological study of domesticated species and their wild relatives where their phenomes are quantified through geometric morphometrics. The two main questions addressed by archaeophenomics are i) taxonomic identification, including domestication signature, and ii) the inference of the spatio-temporal agrobiodiversity dynamics. Archaeophenomics is a growing field in bioarchaeology of domestic species that will benefit in the near future from advances in artificial intelligence and from an increasing interest in multiproxy approaches combining morphometric data with e.g. isotopes or archaeogenomics.
Published: 2022
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19. Author response for 'Size and shape of the semicircular canal of the inner ear: A new marker of pig domestication?'

Author: null Allowen Evin, null Loïc David, null Antoine Souron, null Bastien Mennecart, null Maeva Orliac, and null Renaud Lebrun
Published: 2022
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20. Sorting the flock : Quantitative identification of sheep and goat from isolated third lower molars and mandibles through geometric morphometrics

Author: Marine Jeanjean, Ashleigh Haruda, Lenny Salvagno, Renate Schafberg, Silvia Valenzuela-Lamas, Ariadna Nieto-Espinet, Vianney Forest, Emilie Blaise, Manon Vuillien, Cyprien Mureau, Allowen Evin, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives - Centre de recherches archéologiques de Nîmes (Inrap, Nîmes), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), European Research Council, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France)
Subjects: Ovis aries, Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Capra hircus, GMM, Classification, Discriminant analysis, Archaeozoology
Abstract: Sheep and goat are often herded together and show morphological similarities in their skeleton. Being able to identify archaeological remains of these two taxa to species level is particularly important for understanding and characterising past herding practices. Discrete criteria are now available to identify a large number of their bones and teeth, and quantitative approaches have been developed for post-cranial elements but not for mandible and isolated teeth. In this paper we explore the discriminating potential of geometric morphometrics to identify modern sheep and goat third lower molar and mandible and its application on archaeological specimens. The size and shape of the mandible and the third lower molar of 143 modern specimens (101 sheep and 42 goats) were quantified using 2D-landmark and sliding semi-landmarks geometric morphometric approaches. The results show that sheep and goat differ in terms of the size, shape, and form (i.e. size and shape together) in both studied elements. Classification accuracy of the two species reaches 93.3% (CI: 90.0–95.7%) for third lower molar shape, 62.7% (CI 57.1–68.6%) for third lower molar size, 95.2% (CI: 92.0–97.4%) for mandible shape and 84.0% (CI 81.6–86.8%) for mandible size. Form does not provide better classification than shape alone. Sex and age appear to have little impact on the ability to differentiate between sheep and goat, despite the two species displaying distinct sexual dimorphism and changes through age. The same methodology was then applied on 32 Middle Ages third lower molars from Missignac-Saint Gilles le Vieux, Aimargues, France. The identifications obtained through geometric morphometrics were only partially congruent with the identifications based on visual observations calling for caution in the interpretation and further investigations. Further research should include molecular identification of the archaeological specimens to assess whether the geometric morphometric identification can be made with confidence for all periods and all geographic areas. Nevertheless, the results obtained with the newly developed geometric morphometric protocols represent an important contribution toward a better understanding of past livestock husbandry practices., This work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 852573). LS work was supported by a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellowship (MSCA-IF, grant agreement 842612); ANE and SV works were supported by the ZooMWest project (ERC-StG 716298). We gratefully thank Odile Maufras (INRAP), Marie Balasse (CNRS-MNHN), Sara Parisot (INRAE, UE0321) and the “AgroPaléoRepro" program (MUTALIM MITI-CNRS-INRAE 2019–2020 dir M. Balasse) as well as Armelle Gardeisen (CNRS-ASM), Lionel Gourichon (CNRS-CEPAM), Laurent Vergelys and Nicolas Brahic. We also acknowledge the DRAC SRA-Occitanie and the “Centre de Dépôt Archéologique du Gard”.
Published: 2022
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21. The Demeter project: eight millennia of agrobiodiversity changes in the northwest Mediterranean basin

Author: Allowen Evin, Laurent Bouby, Jerome Ros, Sarah Ivorra, María Saña, Marine Jeanjean, Angèle Jeanty, Camille Dham, Margaux Tillier, Julien Azuara, Vianney Forest, Ferran Antolin, Odile Peyron, Joaquim Ripoll, Vincent Bonhomme, Silvia Valenzuela-Lamas, Isabel Figueiral, Lionel Gourichon, Laure Paradis, Jean-Frédéric Terral, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SAPPO - Departament de Prehistòria de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Seminari d'Arqueologia Prehistòrica del Pròxim Orient (SAPPO), Université Autonome de Barcelone-Université Autonome de Barcelone, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Basel (Unibas), Department of Natural Sciences, German Archaeological Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientıficas (IMF-CSIC), Centre d'Études Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Elisa Nicoud, Marie Balasse, Emmanuel Desclaux, Isabelle Théry-Parisot, and European Project: 852573,DEMETER
Subjects: [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; The development of agricultural societies is closely entangled with that of domestic animals and plants. Local and traditional domestic breeds and varieties are the result of millennia of selec- tion by farmers. DEMETER (2020-2025) is an international pro- ject which is aiming to characterize the changes in animal and plant agrobiodiversity (pigs, sheep, goats, and barley) in relation with environmental and socioeconomic factors in the northwes- tern Mediterranean basin since the beginnings of agriculture. The project is based on a combination of approaches including phe- nomics (through geometric morphometrics), databasing, zooar- chaeology, archaeobotany, climate modeling, paleoproteins (ZooMs) and statistical analyses. Several hundreds of archaeo- logical sites from the South of France and Catalonia will be stu- died, covering the maximum environmental, societal and cultural diversity of context over the course of the last eight millennia.
Published: 2021

22. Studying the current diversity of barley using geometric morphometrics on modern seeds: protocol and first results

Author: Angèle Jeanty, Jerome Ros, Camille Dham, Sarah Ivorra, François Balfournier, Laurent Bouby, Allowen Evin, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and European Project: 852573,DEMETER
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Geometric morphometrics is a powerful method to explore intraspecies variation in cultivated plants (Terral et al., 2012 ; Bonhomme et al., 2017). Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the staple crop of the Mediterranean since the Neolithic (Zohary et al., 2012). While morphological discrete characters are available to distinguish two-rowed from six-rowed barley, and naked from hulled barley (Jacomet et al. 2006), quantitative approaches still need to be developed at a large scale. The aim of this study is to explore the morphometric grain variation between barley varieties, six- and two-rowed types, naked and hulled types and spring and winter varieties. Size and shape of 2950 modern barley seeds from 84 current varieties provided by the Small grain cereals Biological Resources Centre (INRAE, Clermont Ferrand, France) were quantified using Elliptic Fourier Transforms (EFT) applied to gain outlines 2D coordinates. Results open interesting perspectives for investigating archaeological barley seeds and trace barley evolution in the western occidental Mediterranean basin since the Neolithic. This perspective will be realized in the framework of the ERC project DEMETER (grant agreement No. 852573).
Published: 2021

23. Singular patterns of skull shape and brain size change in the domestication of South American camelids

Author: Allowen Evin, Valentina Segura, A. M. Balcarcel, Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra, University of Zurich, Scheibe, John, Balcarcel, A M, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Demographic history, Evolution, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, Lamini, Biology, 10125 Paleontological Institute and Museum, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 2309 Nature and Landscape Conservation, 03 medical and health sciences, 1311 Genetics, Behavior and Systematics, medicine, Genetics, Domestication, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, biology.organism_classification, Skull, medicine.anatomical_structure, Population bottleneck, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 560 Fossils & prehistoric life, Brain size, Herd, Animal Science and Zoology, Allometry, 1103 Animal Science and Zoology, 2303 Ecology
Abstract: Patterns of selection in South American camelids (Lamini) and their unique demographic history establish the llama and alpaca as remarkable cases of domestication among large herd animals. Skull shape is implicated in many changes reported between wild and domestic taxa. We apply 3D geometric morphometric methods to describe skull shape, form, and size, differences among the four species of Lamini. In so doing, we test if domesticated Lamini exhibit changes similar to those in other domesticated groups: not only in the skull, but also in brain and body size. In contrast to other domesticated artiodactyls, very little change has occurred in domestic alpacas and llamas compared to their wild counterparts. Nevertheless, their differences are statistically significant and include a flatter cranium, inclined palate and increased airorhynchy in the domestics. Selection pressures that contrast with those on other herd animals, as well as recent population bottlenecks, likely have influenced the morphological patterns we note in Lamini. High-resolution 3D morphospace allows skull size, shape, and form (shape + size), to discriminate all four species, with form providing the greatest separation. These results help differentiate morphologically the Lamini, which in nature are distinguished mainly by body size, and provide an additional tool to archaeologists for distinction of wild and domestic remains. Most of our shape analyses suggest a marginally closer relationship between the alpaca and vicuña, to the exclusion of the guanaco, supporting the genetic relationships for this group. The expected brain size change between wild and domestic populations is lower than previously thought, with a 15.4% reduction in llama, and 6.8% reduction in alpaca. This is the lowest reduction in brain size thus far reported among domesticated Artiodactyla.
Published: 2021
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24. Author Correction: Bones geometric morphometrics illustrate 10th millennium cal. BP domestication of autochthonous Cypriot wild boar (Sus scrofa circeus nov. ssp)

Author: Roger Alcàntara Fors, Jean-Denis Vigne, Auriale Domont, Allowen Evin, Aurélie Guidez, François Briois, Joris Peters, Anne Bridault, Maria Saña, Charlotte Leduc, Hitomi Hongo, Jean Guilaine, Hugo Harbers, Max Price, and Thomas Cucchi
Subjects: Morphometrics, Multidisciplinary, Wild boar, biology.animal, Science, Zoology, Medicine, Biology, Domestication
Published: 2021

25. Tracking the history of grapevine cultivation in Georgia by combining geometric morphometrics and ancient DNA

Author: M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Nathan Wales, Vincent Bonhomme, Mindia Jalabadze, Allowen Evin, David Maghradze, Jazmín Ramos-Madrigal, David Lordkipanidze, Thierry Lacombe, Roberto Bacilieri, Clémence Pagnoux, Sarah Ivorra, Nana Rusishvili, Elisabetta Boaretto, Laurent Bouby, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of York [York, UK], Georgian National Museum, IT University of Copenhagen, Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne [AGAP] (DAAV), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], National Wine Agency SNP of Georgia, European Research Council Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme 842577, Exilarch Foundation for the Dangoor Research Accelerator Mass Spectrometer (D-REAMS) Laboratory, ANR-16-CE27-0013,VINICULTURE,Vignes et vins en France du Néolithique au Moyen Age. Approche intégrée en archéosciences(2016), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, Vine, Caucasus, Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Domestication, VITIS-VINIFERA, law, Bronze Age, Botany, EXPLOITATION, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, 0601 history and archaeology, Radiocarbon dating, Palaeogenomics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Morphometrics, Diversity, 060102 archaeology, Outline analysis, FRUIT, Paleontology, WINE, 06 humanities and the arts, Ancient DNA, PERSPECTIVES, ORIGINS, Vitis vinifera, Viticulture, Chronology
Abstract: International audience; The Near East and the Caucasus are commonly regarded as the original domestication centres of Vitis vinifera (grapevine), and the region continues to be home to a high diversity of wild and cultivated grapevines, particularly within Georgia. The earliest chemical evidence for wine making was recorded in Georgian Neolithic sites (6000-5800 bc) and grape pips, possibly of the domesticated morphotype, have been reported from several sites of about the same period. We performed geometric morphometric and palaeogenomic investigations of grape pip samples in order to identify the appearance of domesticated grapevine and explore the changes in cultivated diversity in relation to modern varieties. We systematically investigated charred and uncharred grape pip samples from Georgian archaeological sites. Their chronology was thoroughly assessed by direct radiocarbon dating. More than 500 grape pips from 14 sites from the Middle Bronze Age to modern times were selected for geometric morphometric studies. The shapes of the ancient pips were compared to hundreds of modern wild individuals and cultivated varieties. Degraded DNA was isolated from three pips from two sites, converted to Illumina libraries, sequenced at approximately 10,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites, and compared to a large public database of grapevine diversity. The most ancient pip dates from the Middle Bronze Age (1900-1500 cal bc) and the domesticated morphotype is identified from ca. 1000 bc onwards. A great diversity of domesticated shapes was regularly seen in the samples. Most are close to modern cultivars from the Caucasian, southwest Asian and Balkan areas, which suggests that the modern local vine diversity is deeply rooted in early viticulture. DNA was successfully recovered from historic pips and genome-wide analyses found close parental relationships to modern Georgian cultivars.
Published: 2021
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26. Canis spp. identification in central Mexico and its archaeological implications : toward a better understanding of the ecology and the cultural role of canids in ancient MesoAmerica

Author: Allowen Evin, Aurélie Manin, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Evin, Allowen, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, 060102 archaeology, Mesoamerica, biology, Ecology, Ecology (disciplines), 06 humanities and the arts, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Canis, Geography, 0601 history and archaeology, Identification (biology), [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

27. Evolution of crops and livestock breeds in the North-Western Mediterranean in the past 8 millennia : the DEMETER project

Author: Jerome Ros, Allowen Evin, Laurent Bouby, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ros, Jerome
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract: International audience; The DEMETER project, started in March 2020, aims to trace the evolution of crops and livestock breeds under different agricultural and environmental regimes and in different socioeconomic contexts, since the beginning of agriculture. More specifically, the questions raised in the framework of DEMETER are: how has agrobiodiversity evolved through time and space? What factors (e.g. socio-economical, environmental) have influenced its evolution? According to what modalities? DEMETER aims to study a selection of animal and plant models: pig, sheep, goat and barley, in a restricted geographical area corresponding to the NorthWestern part of the western Mediterranean basin (Catalonia and southern France) from the Neolithic period to the present day. DEMETER relies on a new and original combination of approaches, including phenomenics (through geometric morphometrics), database, archaeozoology, archaeobotany, climatic reconstructions, palaeoproteins (ZooMs) and statistical analyses, which will be used to jointly analyse a large number of archaeological remains (e.g. mammalian teeth and barley grains). For this presentation, the first results obtained will be presented.
Published: 2020

28. Correction for Frantz et al., Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe

Author: Ceiridwen J. Edwards, Anders Götherström, Benjamin S. Arbuckle, Linus Girdland-Flink, Domenico Fulgione, Ross Barnett, Michael J Richards, Katerina Trantalidou, Cristina Valdiosera, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Joris Peters, Louis du Plessis, Jean-Denis Vigne, Joachim Burger, Dian Boric, Richard P. M. A. Crooijmans, Melinda A. Zeder, Erik Meijaard, Wolfram Schier, Panoraia Alexandri, Jörg Schibler, John Chapman, Adrian Balasescu, Greger Larson, Jörg Orschiedt, Anne Tresset, Simon Stoddart, Keith Dobney, Antonio Tagliacozzo, Thomas H. McGovern, Canan Çakirlar, Bea De Cupere, Caroline Malone, Laurent A. F. Frantz, Vesna Dimitrijević, Sepideh Maziar, Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Cevdet Merih Erek, Adina Boroneant, Ash Erim-Ozdogan, Hendrik-Jan Megens, Azadeh Fatemeh Mohaseb, Hitomi Hongo, Marjan Mashkour, Amelie Scheu, Evan K. Irving-Pease, Michelle Alexander, David Orton, Richard Sabin, László Bartosiewicz, Nenad Tasić, François-Xavier Ricaut, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Darko Radmanovic, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Christina Geoerg, Clive Bonsall, Anna Linderholm, Peter Rowley-Conwy, Audrey T. Lin, Daniel Helmer, Daniel G. Bradley, Roger Matthews, Ron Pinhasi, Ninna Manaseryan, Shiva Sheikhi, Sophie Van Poucke, Lionel Gourichon, Mike J. Church, Kevin G. Daly, Valentin Dumitraşcu, Joséphine Lesur, Mihai Gligor, Martien A. M. Groenen, Alexander Yanevich, Vincent M. Battista, Cleia Detry, Max Price, Rose-Marie Arbogast, Holley Martlew, Allowen Evin, Elisabeth Stephan, Norbert Benecke, John R. Stewart, Ophélie Lebrasseur, Giedre Motuzaite Matuzeviciute, Gennady F. Baryshnikov, Lucia Sarti, Youri van den Hurk, James Haile, Mike Parker Pearson, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Victoria E. Mullin, Jose-Miguel Carreterow, Kurt J. Gron, Alexandros Triantafyllidis, Thomas Cucchi, Rebecca Miller, Jelena Bulatović, and Anton Ervynck
Subjects: Gene Flow, Multidisciplinary, Swine, Library science, Skin Pigmentation, Biological Sciences, Corrections, DNA, Mitochondrial, Domestication, Europe, Middle East, Anthropology, evolution, Animals, Neolithic, DNA, Ancient, History, Ancient, Phylogeny
Abstract: Significance Archaeological evidence indicates that domestic pigs arrived in Europe, alongside farmers from the Near East ∼8,500 y ago, yet mitochondrial genomes of modern European pigs are derived from European wild boars. To address this conundrum, we obtained mitochondrial and nuclear data from modern and ancient Near Eastern and European pigs. Our analyses indicate that, aside from a coat color gene, most Near Eastern ancestry in the genomes of European domestic pigs disappeared over 3,000 y as a result of interbreeding with local wild boars. This implies that pigs were not domesticated independently in Europe, yet the first 2,500 y of human-mediated selection applied by Near Eastern Neolithic farmers played little role in the development of modern European pigs., Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by ∼10,500 y before the present (BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers ∼8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disappeared and was replaced by haplotypes associated with European wild boars. This turnover could be accounted for by substantial gene flow from local European wild boars, although it is also possible that European wild boars were domesticated independently without any genetic contribution from the Near East. To test these hypotheses, we obtained mtDNA sequences from 2,099 modern and ancient pig samples and 63 nuclear ancient genomes from Near Eastern and European pigs. Our analyses revealed that European domestic pigs dating from 7,100 to 6,000 y BP possessed both Near Eastern and European nuclear ancestry, while later pigs possessed no more than 4% Near Eastern ancestry, indicating that gene flow from European wild boars resulted in a near-complete disappearance of Near East ancestry. In addition, we demonstrate that a variant at a locus encoding black coat color likely originated in the Near East and persisted in European pigs. Altogether, our results indicate that while pigs were not independently domesticated in Europe, the vast majority of human-mediated selection over the past 5,000 y focused on the genomic fraction derived from the European wild boars, and not on the fraction that was selected by early Neolithic farmers over the first 2,500 y of the domestication process.
Published: 2020

29. Dire wolves were the last of an ancient New World canid lineage

Author: Andrew T. Ozga, Mary Thompson, Colin J. Shew, Mario dos Reis, Anne C. Stone, James C. Chatters, Beth Shapiro, Holly Heiniger, Philippe Gaubert, Josh Kapp, Graham Gower, Alan Cooper, Dmitry E. Taranenko, Alexander T. Salis, Alexandra Jamieson, James Haile, Kristofer M. Helgen, Julie Meachen, Alberto Carmagnini, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Yaroslav V. Kuzmin, Audrey T. Lin, Carly Ameen, Pavel A. Kosintsev, Ardern Hulme-Beaman, Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding, Greger Larson, Keith Dobney, Alice Mouton, Nedda F. Saremi, Kieren J. Mitchell, Laurent A. F. Frantz, Katherine M. Skerry, Samantha Presslee, Sandra Álvarez-Carretero, Shyam Gopalakrishnan, Robert K. Wayne, Ekaterina Antipina, Blaire Van Valkenburgh, Allowen Evin, Pere Bover, Angela R. Perri, Matthew J. Collins, Anna Linderholm, Christian Carøe, Mikhail V. Sablin, Selina Brace, Blaine W. Schubert, José Alfredo Samaniego Castruita, Durham University, Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, University of Adelaide, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC), School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Des Moines University, Smithsonian Institution, East Tennessee State University (ETSU), University of Exeter, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), The University of Sydney, University of Aberdeen, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Australian Museum [Sydney], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), Ural Federal University [Ekaterinburg] (UrFU), Texas A&M University System, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), University of York [York, UK], Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Idaho State University, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ZIN RAS), Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy [Novosibirsk], South Australian Museum (SAM), Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Perri, Angela R [0000-0002-4349-1060], Mitchell, Kieren J [0000-0002-3921-0262], Mouton, Alice [0000-0002-0598-8789], Hulme-Beaman, Ardern [0000-0001-8130-9648], Haile, James [0000-0002-8521-8337], Jamieson, Alexandra [0000-0003-0979-5762], Meachen, Julie [0000-0002-2526-2045], Lin, Audrey T [0000-0003-2505-1480], Bover, Pere [0000-0003-2942-2840], Brace, Selina [0000-0003-2126-6732], Samaniego Castruita, Jose A [0000-0001-5904-1198], Chatters, James C [0000-0001-8774-1044], Dobney, Keith [0000-0001-9036-4681], Dos Reis, Mario [0000-0001-9514-3976], Evin, Allowen [0000-0003-4515-1649], Gower, Graham [0000-0002-6197-3872], Helgen, Kristofer M [0000-0002-8776-4040], Salis, Alexander T [0000-0002-3205-3006], Taranenko, Dmitry E [0000-0002-3311-3947], Thompson, Mary [0000-0001-5626-3246], Sablin, Mikhail V [0000-0002-2773-7454], Kuzmin, Yaroslav V [0000-0002-4512-2269], Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S [0000-0003-1371-219X], Stone, Anne C [0000-0001-8021-8314], Shapiro, Beth [0000-0002-2733-7776], Van Valkenburgh, Blaire [0000-0002-9935-4719], Larson, Greger [0000-0002-4092-0392], Frantz, Laurent AF [0000-0001-8030-3885], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, Lineage (evolution), Geographic Mapping, CANIS LUPUS, PHENOTYPE, 01 natural sciences, COLONIZATION, Extant taxon, FOSSILS, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Phylogeny, CANID, FOSSIL, CARNIVORA, 0303 health sciences, WOLF, Multidisciplinary, NORTH, Genome, ORIGIN, Fossils, Biodiversity, Genomics, CANIDAE, MEGAFAUNAL EXTINCTIONS, GENOME, ADMIXTURE, Geography, EXTINCTION, Phenotype, SUBFOSSIL, EXTINCTION, BIOLOGICAL, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, HYBRIDIZATION, Gene Flow, NORTH AMERICA, Pleistocene, GENETICS, PHYLOGENY, PLEISTOCENE, Zoology, Extinction, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, EURASIA, CLASSIFICATION, 03 medical and health sciences, COYOTE, WOLVES, EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY, REVEALS, GENE FLOW, NONHUMAN, Animals, ARTICLE, SPECIES EXTINCTION, PALEONTOLOGY, 030304 developmental biology, Taxonomy, CANIS LATRANS, MAMMALIA, Extinction, Wolves, Human evolutionary genetics, ANIMALS, Paleontology, ANIMAL, 15. Life on land, North America, GEOGRAPHIC MAPPING, GENOMICS
Abstract: Dire wolves are considered to be one of the most common and widespread large carnivores in Pleistocene America1, yet relatively little is known about their evolution or extinction. Here, to reconstruct the evolutionary history of dire wolves, we sequenced five genomes from sub-fossil remains dating from 13,000 to more than 50,000 years ago. Our results indicate that although they were similar morphologically to the extant grey wolf, dire wolves were a highly divergent lineage that split from living canids around 5.7 million years ago. In contrast to numerous examples of hybridization across Canidae2,3, there is no evidence for gene flow between dire wolves and either North American grey wolves or coyotes. This suggests that dire wolves evolved in isolation from the Pleistocene ancestors of these species. Our results also support an early New World origin of dire wolves, while the ancestors of grey wolves, coyotes and dholes evolved in Eurasia and colonized North America only relatively recently. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. Acknowledgements We thank the staff at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Cincinnati Museum Center, Danish Zoological Museum, Harrison Zoological Museum, Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology, Idaho Museum of Natural History, Institute of Archaeology (Russian Academy of Sciences), Institute of Systematics and Animal Ecology (Russian Academy of Sciences), Institute of Zoology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Instituto de Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas, Kansas Museum of Natural History, La Brea Tar Pits and Museum, Ludwig Maximilian University, McClung Museum, Museum of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology (Russian Academy of Sciences), Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, National Museums Scotland, Natural History Museum London, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Swedish Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, SYLVATROP, US Bureau of Reclamation, University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of Texas at El Paso, University of Washington Burke Museum and the Zoological Institute (Russian Academy of Sciences; state assignment no. АААА-А19-119032590102-7) for access to specimens in their care; T. Barnosky, S. Bray, A. Farrell, R. Fischer, A. Harris, J. Harris, A. Henrici, P. Holroyd, R. MacPhee, T. Martin, A. Philpot, J. Saunders, J. Southon, G. Storrs, G. Takeuchi, X. Wang and C. Widga for assistance; and L. DeSantis for comments. A.M. used computational and storage services associated with the Hoffman2 Shared Cluster provided by UCLA Institute for Digital Research and Education’s Research Technology Group. DireGWC was sequenced using the Vincent J. Coates Genomics Sequencing Laboratory at UC Berkeley, supported by NIH S10 OD018174 Instrumentation Grant. We acknowledge the assistance of the Danish National High-Throughput Sequencing Centre, BGI-Europe, the Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Australian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF) Cancer Genomics Facility for assistance in Illumina and BGIseq500 data generation. A.R.P. was supported by a Marie Curie COFUND Junior Research Fellowship (Durham University). A.M. was supported by an NSF grant (award number: 1457106) and the QCB Collaboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship (UCLA). L.A.F.F., J.H., A.H.-B. and G.L. were supported by either European Research Council grant (ERC-2013-StG-337574-UNDEAD and ERC-2019-StG-853272-PALAEOFARM) and/or Natural Environmental Research Council grants (NE/K005243/1 and NE/K003259/1). K.S. was supported by a grant from Barrett, the Honors College at Arizona State University. A.T.O. was supported by the Strategic Initiative Funds, Office of the President, Arizona State University to the Institute of Human Origins DNA and Human Origins at Arizona State University project. L.A.F.F. was supported by a Junior Research Fellowship (Wolfson College, University of Oxford) and L.A.F.F. and A. Carmagnini were supported by the Wellcome Trust (210119/Z/18/Z). S.G. was supported by Carlsbergfondet grant CF14–0995 and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions grant 655732-WhereWolf. M.T.P.G. was supported by ERC Consolidator grant 681396-Extinction Genomics. B.S. and J.K. were supported by IMLS MG-30-17-0045-17 and NSF DEB-1754451. A.H.-B. was supported by the Leverhulme Trust (ECF-2017-315). A. Cooper, K.J.M. and H.H. were supported by the Australian Research Council. A.T.S. and G.G. were supported by Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarships. A.T.L. was supported by the Peter Buck Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History. Y.V.K. was supported by the by State Assignment of the Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy.
Published: 2020
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30. Building three-dimensional models before destructive sampling of bioarchaeological remains: a comment to Pálsdóttir et al. (2019)

Author: Renaud Lebrun, Carly Ameen, Allowen Evin, Marine Durocher, Greger Larson, Naomi Sykes, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: Earth and Environmental Science, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, 060102 archaeology, Comment, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, 06 humanities and the arts, Destructive sampling, computer.software_genre, 03 medical and health sciences, Geography, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, 0601 history and archaeology, lcsh:Q, Data mining, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, lcsh:Science, computer, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Three dimensional model
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020
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31. Habitat use, but not gene flow, is influenced by human activities in two ecotypes of Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus)

Author: Alejandro Centeno-Cuadros, T. Stříbná, P. Benda, David Shohami, Dušan Romportl, Ivan Horáček, Pavel Hulva, Simone Santoro, Allowen Evin, Ran Nathan, Asaf Tsoar, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide [Sevilla] (UPO), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Ostravská univerzita / University of Ostrava, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Museum of Natural History, Prague, Israel Science Foundation, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Charles University (Czech Republic), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Minerva Center for Movement Ecology (Israel), Governments of Israel, and Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Mediterranean climate, MESH: Geography, Population genetics, 01 natural sciences, MESH: Egypt, Gene flow, Chiroptera, MESH: Animals, MESH: Ecosystem, Human Activities, Geography, Ecotype, Ecology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], MESH: Chiroptera, Pteropodidae, isolation by resistance, Adaptation, Physiological, Phenotype, Habitat, Egypt, Gene Flow, MESH: Ecotype, Foraging, MESH: Genetics, Population, Biology, MESH: Phenotype, 010603 evolutionary biology, isolation by adaptation, Circuit theory, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, Animals, Humans, isolation by environment, MESH: Gene Flow, Ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, MESH: Humans, fungi, landscape genetics, circuit theory, 15. Life on land, MESH: Human Activities, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Adaptation, Physiological, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Genetics, Population, 030104 developmental biology, Biological dispersal, MESH: Microsatellite Repeats, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Rousettus, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: Understanding the ecological, behavioural and evolutionary response of organisms to changing environments is of primary importance in a human-altered world. It is crucial to elucidate how human activities alter gene flow and what are the consequences for the genetic structure of a species. We studied two lineages of the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) throughout the contact zone between mesic and arid Ecozones in the Middle East to evaluate the species' response to the growing proportion of human-altered habitats in the desert. We integrated population genetics, morphometrics and movement ecology to analyse population structure, morphological variation and habitat use from GPS- or radio-tagged individuals from both desert and Mediterranean areas. We classified the spatial distribution and environmental stratification by describing physical–geographical conditions and land cover. We analysed this information to estimate patch occupancy and used an isolation-by-resistance approach to model gene flow patterns. Our results suggest that lineages from desert and Mediterranean habitats, despite their admixture, are isolated by environment and by adaptation supporting their classification as ecotypes. We found a positive effect of human-altered habitats on patch occupancy and habitat use of fruit bats by increasing the availability of roosting and foraging areas. While this commensalism promotes the distribution of fruit bats throughout the Middle East, gene flow between colonies has not been altered by human activities. This discrepancy between habitat use and gene flow patterns may, therefore, be explained by the breeding system of the species and modifications of natal dispersal patterns., This work was funded by the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) Grants ISF‐FIRST 1316/05 and ISF 1259/09, the Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (IAA 601110905) and the Institutional Research Support grant No. SVV 260 313/2016, the Adelina and Massimo Della Pergolla Chair of Life Sciences and the Minerva Center for Movement Ecology (R.N.), the President of Israel Doctoral Award (D.S.), the Lady Davis Fellowship Trust and the University Pablo de Olavide (A.C‐C).
Published: 2017
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32. First farming in the north-western Mediterranean

Author: Didier Binder, Janet Battentier, Laurent Bouby, Jacques-Élie Brochier, Carré Alain, Thomas CUCCHI, Delhon Claire, Cristina de Stefanis, Léa Drieu, Allowen Evin, Linus Girdland Flink, Gwenaëlle Goude, Lionel Gourichon, Sebastien Guillon, Caroline Hamon, Stéphanie Thiebault, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)
Subjects: ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020
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33. sj-pdf-4-hol-10.1177_0959683620972785 – Supplemental material for Archaeobiogeography of extinct rice rats (Oryzomyini) in the Lesser Antilles during the Ceramic Age (500 BCE–1500 CE)

Author: Durocher, Marine, Nicolas, Violaine, Perdikaris, Sophia, Bonnissent, Dominique, Robert, Gwenola, Debue, Karyne, Allowen Evin, and Grouard, Sandrine
Subjects: History, Geography
Abstract: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-4-hol-10.1177_0959683620972785 for Archaeobiogeography of extinct rice rats (Oryzomyini) in the Lesser Antilles during the Ceramic Age (500 BCE–1500 CE) by Marine Durocher, Violaine Nicolas, Sophia Perdikaris, Dominique Bonnissent, Gwenola Robert, Karyne Debue, Allowen Evin and Sandrine Grouard in The Holocene
Published: 2020
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34. sj-pdf-1-hol-10.1177_0959683620972785 – Supplemental material for Archaeobiogeography of extinct rice rats (Oryzomyini) in the Lesser Antilles during the Ceramic Age (500 BCE–1500 CE)

Author: Durocher, Marine, Nicolas, Violaine, Perdikaris, Sophia, Bonnissent, Dominique, Robert, Gwenola, Debue, Karyne, Allowen Evin, and Grouard, Sandrine
Subjects: History, Geography
Abstract: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-hol-10.1177_0959683620972785 for Archaeobiogeography of extinct rice rats (Oryzomyini) in the Lesser Antilles during the Ceramic Age (500 BCE–1500 CE) by Marine Durocher, Violaine Nicolas, Sophia Perdikaris, Dominique Bonnissent, Gwenola Robert, Karyne Debue, Allowen Evin and Sandrine Grouard in The Holocene
Published: 2020
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35. sj-pdf-5-hol-10.1177_0959683620972785 – Supplemental material for Archaeobiogeography of extinct rice rats (Oryzomyini) in the Lesser Antilles during the Ceramic Age (500 BCE–1500 CE)

Author: Durocher, Marine, Nicolas, Violaine, Perdikaris, Sophia, Bonnissent, Dominique, Robert, Gwenola, Debue, Karyne, Allowen Evin, and Grouard, Sandrine
Subjects: History, Geography
Abstract: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-5-hol-10.1177_0959683620972785 for Archaeobiogeography of extinct rice rats (Oryzomyini) in the Lesser Antilles during the Ceramic Age (500 BCE–1500 CE) by Marine Durocher, Violaine Nicolas, Sophia Perdikaris, Dominique Bonnissent, Gwenola Robert, Karyne Debue, Allowen Evin and Sandrine Grouard in The Holocene
Published: 2020
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36. sj-pdf-3-hol-10.1177_0959683620972785 – Supplemental material for Archaeobiogeography of extinct rice rats (Oryzomyini) in the Lesser Antilles during the Ceramic Age (500 BCE–1500 CE)

Author: Durocher, Marine, Nicolas, Violaine, Perdikaris, Sophia, Bonnissent, Dominique, Robert, Gwenola, Debue, Karyne, Allowen Evin, and Grouard, Sandrine
Subjects: History, Geography
Abstract: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-3-hol-10.1177_0959683620972785 for Archaeobiogeography of extinct rice rats (Oryzomyini) in the Lesser Antilles during the Ceramic Age (500 BCE–1500 CE) by Marine Durocher, Violaine Nicolas, Sophia Perdikaris, Dominique Bonnissent, Gwenola Robert, Karyne Debue, Allowen Evin and Sandrine Grouard in The Holocene
Published: 2020
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37. The intraspecific diversity of tooth morphology in the large‐spotted catshark Scyliorhinus stellaris : insights into the ontogenetic cues driving sexual dimorphism

Author: Fidji Berio, Mélanie Debiais-Thibaud, Allowen Evin, Nicolas Goudemand, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Inflammasome NLRP3 – NLRP3 Inflammasome, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Histology, Biometry, Ontogeny, Heterodont, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, stomatognathic system, gynandric heterodonty, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Juvenile, Animals, 14. Life underwater, geometric morphometrics, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Morphometrics, Sex Characteristics, biology, scyliorhinids, Anatomic Variation, Cell Biology, X-Ray Microtomography, monognathic heterodonty, biology.organism_classification, Original Papers, Catshark, Sexual dimorphism, stomatognathic diseases, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Sharks, ontogenetic trajectory, Developmental plasticity, Female, Anatomy, Tooth, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Developmental Biology, Scyliorhinus stellaris
Abstract: International audience; Teeth in sharks are shed and replaced throughout their lifetime. Morphological dental changes through ontogeny have been identified in several species and have been correlated with shifts in diet and the acquisition of sexual maturity. However, these changes were rarely quantified in detail along multiple ontogenetic stages, which makes it difficult to infer the developmental processes responsible for the observed plasticity. In this work, we use micro‐computed tomography and 3D geometric morphometrics to describe and analyze the tooth size and shape diversity across three ontogenetic stages (hatchling, juvenile, and sexually mature) in the large‐spotted catshark Scyliorhinus stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758). We first describe the intra‐individual variation of tooth form for each sex at each ontogenetic stage. We provide a tooth morphospace for palatoquadrate and Meckelian teeth and identify dental features, such as relative size and number of cusps, involved in the range of variation of the observed morphologies. We then use these shape data to draw developmental trajectories between ontogenetic stages and for each tooth position within the jaw to characterize ontogenetic patterns of sexual dimorphism. We highlight the emergence of gynandric heterodonty between the juvenile and mature ontogenetic stages, with mature females having tooth morphologies more similar to juveniles’ than mature males that display regression in the number of accessory cusps. From these data, we speculate on the developmental processes that could account for such developmental plasticity in S. stellaris.
Published: 2020
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38. sj-pdf-2-hol-10.1177_0959683620972785 – Supplemental material for Archaeobiogeography of extinct rice rats (Oryzomyini) in the Lesser Antilles during the Ceramic Age (500 BCE–1500 CE)

Author: Durocher, Marine, Nicolas, Violaine, Perdikaris, Sophia, Bonnissent, Dominique, Robert, Gwenola, Debue, Karyne, Allowen Evin, and Grouard, Sandrine
Subjects: History, Geography
Abstract: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-hol-10.1177_0959683620972785 for Archaeobiogeography of extinct rice rats (Oryzomyini) in the Lesser Antilles during the Ceramic Age (500 BCE–1500 CE) by Marine Durocher, Violaine Nicolas, Sophia Perdikaris, Dominique Bonnissent, Gwenola Robert, Karyne Debue, Allowen Evin and Sandrine Grouard in The Holocene
Published: 2020
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39. sj-pdf-7-hol-10.1177_0959683620972785 – Supplemental material for Archaeobiogeography of extinct rice rats (Oryzomyini) in the Lesser Antilles during the Ceramic Age (500 BCE–1500 CE)

Author: Durocher, Marine, Nicolas, Violaine, Perdikaris, Sophia, Bonnissent, Dominique, Robert, Gwenola, Debue, Karyne, Allowen Evin, and Grouard, Sandrine
Subjects: History, Geography
Abstract: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-7-hol-10.1177_0959683620972785 for Archaeobiogeography of extinct rice rats (Oryzomyini) in the Lesser Antilles during the Ceramic Age (500 BCE–1500 CE) by Marine Durocher, Violaine Nicolas, Sophia Perdikaris, Dominique Bonnissent, Gwenola Robert, Karyne Debue, Allowen Evin and Sandrine Grouard in The Holocene
Published: 2020
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40. sj-pdf-6-hol-10.1177_0959683620972785 – Supplemental material for Archaeobiogeography of extinct rice rats (Oryzomyini) in the Lesser Antilles during the Ceramic Age (500 BCE–1500 CE)

Author: Durocher, Marine, Nicolas, Violaine, Perdikaris, Sophia, Bonnissent, Dominique, Robert, Gwenola, Debue, Karyne, Allowen Evin, and Grouard, Sandrine
Subjects: History, Geography
Abstract: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-6-hol-10.1177_0959683620972785 for Archaeobiogeography of extinct rice rats (Oryzomyini) in the Lesser Antilles during the Ceramic Age (500 BCE–1500 CE) by Marine Durocher, Violaine Nicolas, Sophia Perdikaris, Dominique Bonnissent, Gwenola Robert, Karyne Debue, Allowen Evin and Sandrine Grouard in The Holocene
Published: 2020
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41. Specialized sledge dogs accompanied Inuit dispersal across the North American Arctic

Author: Catherine F. West, James Haile, Åslaug Midtdal, Ramona Harrison, Anders J. Hansen, Martin Appelt, Ophélie Lebrasseur, Benjamin N. Sacks, James Woollett, Audrey T. Lin, Olga I. Goriunova, John Darwent, Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding, Lutz Bachmann, Morten Meldgaard, Rick Knecht, Matthew W. Betts, Kate Britton, Robert J. Losey, Rune Dietz, Laurent A. F. Frantz, Mitya Vasyukov, Ardern Hulme-Beaman, Love Dalén, Keith Dobney, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Tatiana R. Feuerborn, Iurii G. Nikitin, Zachary T. Lounsberry, Scott Shirar, Mikhail Sablin, Christian Sonne, Konrad Smiarowski, Øystein Wiig, Shyam Gopalakrishnan, Mary C. Stiner, Edouard Masson-MacLean, Sarah K. Brown, Jón Hallsteinn Hallsson, Thomas H. McGovern, Mads Peter Heide-Jørgensen, Christyann M. Darwent, Merete Fredholm, Madonna L. Moss, Carly Ameen, Anna Linderholm, Sanne Eline Wennerberg, Bjarne Grønnow, Ellen McManus-Fry, Gro Birgit Ween, Anne Lisbeth Schmidt, Joshua D. Reuther, Albína Hulda Pálsdóttir, Greger Larson, Tatiana Nomokonova, Allowen Evin, Angela R. Perri, Aleksandr N. Popov, Lisa Rankin, Texas A&M University [College Station], University of Oxford, Section for GeoGenetics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Department of Arctic Environment [Rockilde], Aarhus University [Aarhus]-National Environmental Research Institute [Danmark] (NERI), IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), Irkutsk State University (ISU), Agricultural University of Iceland, University of Aberdeen, University of Alberta, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Natural History Museum [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO), Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), IT University of Copenhagen, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226
Subjects: Sledge dogs, Canis lupus familiaris, osteology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Greenland, migration, Medical and Health Sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Naturvetenskap, 0601 history and archaeology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, General Environmental Science, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Genome, palaeontology archaeology, 060102 archaeology, Human migration, Arctic Regions, 06 humanities and the arts, General Medicine, circumpolar, Biological Sciences, Mitochondrial, Geography, Phenotype, Humanities and the Arts, Humaniora och konst, Palaeobiology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Natural Sciences, geographic locations, Research Article, aDNA, Canada, Human Migration, Population, Zoology, DNA, Mitochondrial, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Ancient, 03 medical and health sciences, Dogs, evolution, Genetics, genomics, Animals, DNA, Ancient, Domestication, education, geometric morphometrics, ancient DNA, 030304 developmental biology, General Immunology and Microbiology, Osteology, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, business.industry, archaeology, Circumpolar star, DNA, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Ancient DNA, Arctic, Genome, Mitochondrial, Biological dispersal, business, Animal Distribution, Alaska
Abstract: Domestic dogs have been central to life in the North American Arctic for millennia. The ancestors of the Inuit were the first to introduce the widespread usage of dog sledge transportation technology to the Americas, but whether the Inuit adopted local Palaeo-Inuit dogs or introduced a new dog population to the region remains unknown. To test these hypotheses, we generated mitochondrial DNA and geometric morphometric data of skull and dental elements from a total of 922 North American Arctic dogs and wolves spanning over 4500 years. Our analyses revealed that dogs from Inuit sites dating from 2000 BP possess morphological and genetic signatures that distinguish them from earlier Palaeo-Inuit dogs, and identified a novel mitochondrial clade in eastern Siberia and Alaska. The genetic legacy of these Inuit dogs survives today in modern Arctic sledge dogs despite phenotypic differences between archaeological and modern Arctic dogs. Together, our data reveal that Inuit dogs derive from a secondary pre-contact migration of dogs distinct from Palaeo-Inuit dogs, and probably aided the Inuit expansion across the North American Arctic beginning around 1000 BP. Domestic dogs have been central to life in the North American Arctic for millennia. The ancestors of the Inuit were the first to introduce the widespread usage of dog sledge transportation technology to the Americas, but whether the Inuit adopted local Palaeo-Inuit dogs or introduced a new dog population to the region remains unknown. To test these hypotheses, we generated mitochondrial DNA and geometric morphometric data of skull and dental elements from a total of 922 North American Arctic dogs and wolves spanning over 4500 years. Our analyses revealed that dogs from Inuit sites dating from 2000 BP possess morphological and genetic signatures that distinguish them from earlier Palaeo-Inuit dogs, and identified a novel mitochondrial clade in eastern Siberia and Alaska. The genetic legacy of these Inuit dogs survives today in modern Arctic sledge dogs despite phenotypic differences between archaeological and modern Arctic dogs. Together, our data reveal that Inuit dogs derive from a secondary pre-contact migration of dogs distinct from Palaeo-Inuit dogs, and probably aided the Inuit expansion across the North American Arctic beginning around 1000 BP.
Published: 2019
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42. Behind the steps of ancient sheep mobility in Iberia: new insights from a geometric morphometric approach

Author: P. Castanyer, J. Burch, O. Olesti, J. Casas, P. Campmajó, Allowen Evin, J.-M. Palet, Lídia Colominas, Cèsar Carreras, Jordi Guàrdia, J. Tremoleda, E. Pons, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226
Subjects: Ovis aries, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Iron Age, Astragalus, 01 natural sciences, Peninsula, 0601 history and archaeology, Livestock management, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Morphometrics, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 060102 archaeology, business.industry, Ecology, 06 humanities and the arts, Animal husbandry, humanities, Roman period, Morphological changes, Anthropology, Western europe, Period (geology), Livestock, business, Iberian Peninsula
Abstract: International audience; In Western Europe, the transition from the middle Iron Age to theearly Roman period implied changesin livestock practices, withthe emergence of a specialized and selective animal husbandry. These changes have been related in Italy and south of France withchanges in livestock management involving their mobility between ecologically complementary areas. The study of this question inthe Iberian Peninsula has only been partiallyinvestigated through palaeoenvironmental analyses, and the information about theorigin and significance of this phenomenon is very scarce. To shed new light on this topic we used an archaeozoological approach,with the application of geometric morphometrics. They were used to study size and shape variability in sheep astragali from 9 sitesdating from the middle Iron Age to the early Roman period (5th c. BC–3rd c. AD) and located on the Pyrenees and on the north-eastern Iberian coast as a case study. The results we obtained, combined with Number of Identified Specimens (NISP) and kill-offpatterns, showed local specificities in terms of breeding methodsand sheep morphologies between the two areas during the middleIron Age. On the contrary, sheep with similar size and the implementation and development of similar sheep husbandry practices inthe Pyrenees and the north-eastern Iberian coast were documented during the early Roman period. These results suggest theexistence of livestock links between these two areas during the Roman period, that could be involved a possible movement ofsheep between the lowlands and the Pyrenees for the first time
Published: 2019
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43. Beyond curse or blessing: the opportunities and challenges of aDNA analysis

Author: Naomi Sykes, Matthew Spriggs, Allowen Evin, University of Exeter, University of Canberra, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, Curse, 060102 archaeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Blessing, Environmental ethics, 06 humanities and the arts, 01 natural sciences, Political science, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 0601 history and archaeology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The papers in this volume all have different perspectives but, together, they suggest that the discipline of archaeology continues to struggle with the multi-directional and multi-scalar tensions t...
Published: 2019
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44. Eco-evo-devo implications and archaeobiological perspectives of wild and domesticated grapevines fruits covariating traits

Author: Thierry Pastor, Thierry Lacombe, Vincent Bonhomme, Allowen Evin, Isabel Figueiral, Sandrine Picq, Roberto Bacilieri, Laurent Bouby, Sarah Ivorra, and Jean-Frédéric Terral
Subjects: Functional ecology, Paleoethnobotany, Botany, Evolutionary developmental biology, Cultivar, Berry, Biology, Domestication, Vitis vinifera
Abstract: The phenotypic changes that occurred during the domestication and diversification of grapevine are well known, particularly changes in seed morphology, but the functional causes and consequences behind these variations are poorly understood. Wild and domesticate grapes differ, among others, in the form of their pips: wild grapes produce roundish pips with short stalks and cultivated varieties have more elongated pips with longer stalks. Such variations of form are of first importance for archaeobotany since the pip form is, most often, the only remaining information in archaeological settings. This study aims to enlight archaeobotanical record and grapevine pip development by better understanding how size and shape (co)variates between pip and berry in both wild and domesticated Vitis vinifera. The covariation of berry size, number of seeds per berry (“piposity”), pip size and pip shape were explored on 49 grapevine accessions sampled among Euro-Mediterranean traditional cultivars and wild grapevines. We show that for wild grapevine, the higher the piposity, the bigger the berry and the more elongated the pip. For both wild and domesticated grapevine, the longer is the pip, the more it has a “domesticated” shape. Consequences for archaeobotanical studies are tested and discussed, and these covariations allowed the inference of berry dimensions from archaeological pips from a Southern France Roman site. This systematic exploration sheds light on new aspects of pip-berry relationship, in both size and shape, on grapevine eco-evo-devo changes during domestication, and invites to explore further the functional ecology of grapevine pip and berry and notably the impact of cultivation practices and human selection on grapevine morphology.
Published: 2019
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45. Supplementary text from Specialized sledge dogs accompanied Inuit dispersal across the North American Arctic

Author: Ameen, Carly, Feuerborn, Tatiana R., Brown, Sarah K., Linderholm, Anna, Ardern Hulme-Beaman, Lebrasseur, Ophélie, Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding, Lounsberry, Zachary T., Lin, Audrey T., Appelt, Martin, Bachmann, Lutz, Betts, Matthew, Britton, Kate, Darwent, John, Dietz, Rune, Fredholm, Merete, Gopalakrishnan, Shyam, Goriunova, Olga I., Grønnow, Bjarne, Haile, James, Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn, Harrison, Ramona, Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter, Knecht, Rick, Losey, Robert J., Masson-MacLean, Edouard, McGovern, Thomas H., McManus-Fry, Ellen, Meldgaard, Morten, Midtdal, Åslaug, Moss, Madonna L., Nikitin, Iurii G., Nomokonova, Tatiana, Pálsdóttir, Albína Hulda, Perri, Angela, Popov, Aleksandr N., Rankin, Lisa, Reuther, Joshua D., Sablin, Mikhail, Schmidt, Anne Lisbeth, Shirar, Scott, Smiarowski, Konrad, Sonne, Christian, Stiner, Mary C., Mitya Vasyukov, West, Catherine F., Ween, Gro Birgit, Wennerberg, Sanne Eline, Wiig, Øystein, Woollett, James, Dalén, Love, Hansen, Anders J., Gilbert, Tom, Sacks, Benjamin, Frantz, Laurent, Larson, Greger, Dobney, Keith, Christyann M. Darwent, and Allowen Evin
Subjects: geographic locations
Abstract: Domestic dogs have been central to life in the North American Arctic for millennia. The ancestors of the Inuit were the first to introduce the widespread usage of dog sledge transportation technology to the Americas, but whether the Inuit adopted local Paleo-Inuit dogs or introduced a new dog population to the region remains unknown. To test these hypotheses, we generated mitochondrial DNA and geometric morphometric data of skull and dental elements from a total of 922 North American Arctic dogs and wolves spanning over 4500 years. Our analyses revealed that dogs from Inuit sites dating from 2000 BP possess morphological and genetic signatures that distinguish them from earlier Paleo-Inuit dogs, and identified a novel mitochondrial clade in eastern Siberia and Alaska. The genetic legacy of these Inuit dogs survives today in modern Arctic sledge dogs despite phenotypic differences between archaeological and modern Arctic dogs. Together, our data reveal that Inuit dogs derive from a secondary pre-contact migration of dogs distinct from Paleo-Inuit dogs, and most likely aided the Inuit expansion across the North American Arctic beginning around 1000 BP.
Published: 2019
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46. Long-term morphological changes and evolving human-pig relations in the northern Fertile Crescent from 11,000 to 2000 cal. bc

Author: Max Price, Allowen Evin, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Near East, Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Zoology, Domestication, 03 medical and health sciences, Wild boar, Deforestation, biology.animal, 0601 history and archaeology, 2. Zero hunger, Morphometrics, Geometric Morphometrics, Middle East, 060102 archaeology, biology, 06 humanities and the arts, 15. Life on land, Animal husbandry, Sus, Archaeology, humanities, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, Biometrics, Anthropology, Pigs
Abstract: International audience; The pig (Sus scrofa) was one of the earliest animals in the ancient Middle East to undergo domestication. Scholars have long been interested in the pig’s unique history, especially in the northern Fertile Crescent (NFC), the region in which the first steps towards pig domestication took place in the ninth–eighth millennia cal. BC. Yet, few zooarchaeologists have studied the morphological changes in pigs and other animals over the long term, especially in the periods after the initial appearance of domesticates. We combine geometric morphometrics (GMM) and more traditional biometrics to demonstrate how suid morphology evolved over a long timespan: 11,000–2000 cal. BC. Our GMM and biometrical data from Jarmo and Domuztepe, Neolithic sites occupied after the first domestic pigs emerged in the region, show that wild boar continued to play important roles in human-suid relations. More generally, our data show a gradual reduction in size and the attainment of a “morphological plateau” in the fourth millennium cal. BC. We suggest that these changes reflect (1) the evolution of pig husbandry practices over time in response to deforestation, intensive agriculture, and urbanism and (2) a reduction in the frequency of hybridizations between wild boar and domestic pigs.
Published: 2019
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47. Supplementary captions for Figures S1 - S17 and captions for Databases S1 to S6 from Specialized sledge dogs accompanied Inuit dispersal across the North American Arctic

Author: Ameen, Carly, Feuerborn, Tatiana R., Brown, Sarah K., Linderholm, Anna, Ardern Hulme-Beaman, Lebrasseur, Ophélie, Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding, Lounsberry, Zachary T., Lin, Audrey T., Appelt, Martin, Bachmann, Lutz, Betts, Matthew, Britton, Kate, Darwent, John, Dietz, Rune, Fredholm, Merete, Gopalakrishnan, Shyam, Goriunova, Olga I., Grønnow, Bjarne, Haile, James, Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn, Harrison, Ramona, Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter, Knecht, Rick, Losey, Robert J., Masson-MacLean, Edouard, McGovern, Thomas H., McManus-Fry, Ellen, Meldgaard, Morten, Midtdal, Åslaug, Moss, Madonna L., Nikitin, Iurii G., Nomokonova, Tatiana, Pálsdóttir, Albína Hulda, Perri, Angela, Popov, Aleksandr N., Rankin, Lisa, Reuther, Joshua D., Sablin, Mikhail, Schmidt, Anne Lisbeth, Shirar, Scott, Smiarowski, Konrad, Sonne, Christian, Stiner, Mary C., Mitya Vasyukov, West, Catherine F., Ween, Gro Birgit, Wennerberg, Sanne Eline, Wiig, Øystein, Woollett, James, Dalén, Love, Hansen, Anders J., Gilbert, Tom, Sacks, Benjamin, Frantz, Laurent, Larson, Greger, Dobney, Keith, Christyann M. Darwent, and Allowen Evin
Subjects: geographic locations
Abstract: Domestic dogs have been central to life in the North American Arctic for millennia. The ancestors of the Inuit were the first to introduce the widespread usage of dog sledge transportation technology to the Americas, but whether the Inuit adopted local Paleo-Inuit dogs or introduced a new dog population to the region remains unknown. To test these hypotheses, we generated mitochondrial DNA and geometric morphometric data of skull and dental elements from a total of 922 North American Arctic dogs and wolves spanning over 4500 years. Our analyses revealed that dogs from Inuit sites dating from 2000 BP possess morphological and genetic signatures that distinguish them from earlier Paleo-Inuit dogs, and identified a novel mitochondrial clade in eastern Siberia and Alaska. The genetic legacy of these Inuit dogs survives today in modern Arctic sledge dogs despite phenotypic differences between archaeological and modern Arctic dogs. Together, our data reveal that Inuit dogs derive from a secondary pre-contact migration of dogs distinct from Paleo-Inuit dogs, and most likely aided the Inuit expansion across the North American Arctic beginning around 1000 BP.
Published: 2019
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48. Approches combinées pour appréhender l’évolution du cochon domestique en Roumanie : morphométrie géométrique, ADN ancien et analyses isotopiques

Author: Allowen Evin, Marie Balasse, Flink Linus Girdland, Dragomir Popovici, Radian Andreescu, Douglas Bailey, Pavel Mirea, Catalin Lazar, Adina Boroneanţ, Clive Bonsall, Carlos Tornero, Valentin Radu, Denis Fiorillo, Stéphanie Bréhard, Anne Tresset, Thomas CUCCHI, Greger Larson, Keith Dobney, Adrian Bălăşescu, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MNIR, Musée National d'Histoire de la Roumanie, San Francisco State University (SFSU), Teleorman County Museum, Romanian Academy, University of Edinburgh, Department of Archaeology, Durham University, UK, University of Aberdeen, and Bréhard, Stéphanie
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

49. Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe

Author: Marjan Mashkour, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Joris Peters, John Chapman, Anne Tresset, Simon Stoddart, Antonio Tagliacozzo, Canan Çakirlar, Jörg Schibler, Daniel Helmer, Ceiridwen J. Edwards, Caroline Malone, Vesna Dimitrijević, Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Christina Geörg, Alexandros Triantafyllidis, Panoraia Alexandri, Ophélie Lebrasseur, Thomas Cucchi, Victoria E. Mullin, Michael P. Richards, James Haile, Laurent A. F. Frantz, Cevdet Merih Erek, John R. Stewart, Joachim Burger, Mihai Gligor, Jörg Orschiedt, Gennady F. Baryshnikov, Lucia Sarti, Rebecca Miller, Youri van den Hurk, Evan K. Irving-Pease, Allowen Evin, Hitomi Hongo, Richard P. M. A. Crooijmans, Jelena Bulatović, Max Price, Keith Dobney, Adina Boroneanţ, Anton Ervynck, Mike Parker Pearson, Joséphine Lesur, Elisabeth Stephan, Holley Martlew, Sepideh Maziar, Kurt J. Gron, Bea De Cupere, Kevin G. Daly, Valentin Dumitraşcu, Anders Götherström, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Azadeh Fatemeh Mohaseb, Richard Sabin, David Orton, Greger Larson, Lionel Gourichon, Cleia Detry, Clive Bonsall, François-Xavier Ricaut, Louis du Plessis, Jean-Denis Vigne, José Miguel Carretero, Benjamin S. Arbuckle, Mike J. Church, Hendrik-Jan Megens, Giedre Motuzaite Matuzeviciute, Linus Girdland-Flink, Domenico Fulgione, Ross Barnett, Ron Pinhasi, Ninna Manaseryan, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Melinda A. Zeder, Peter Rowley-Conwy, Alexander Yanevich, Daniel G. Bradley, Amelie Scheu, László Bartosiewicz, Darko Radmanovic, Shiva Sheikhi, Michelle Alexander, Katerina Trantalidou, Cristina Valdiosera, Adrian Bӑlӑşescu, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Vincent M. Battista, Anna Linderholm, Norbert Benecke, Aslı Erim-Özdoğan, Rose-Marie Arbogast, Thomas H. McGovern, Audrey T. Lin, Sophie Van Poucke, Roger Matthews, Martien A. M. Groenen, Erik Meijaard, Wolfram Schier, Nenad Tasić, Dusan Boric, Frantz, Laurent A. F., Haile, Jame, Lin, Audrey T., Scheu, Amelie, Geörg, Christina, Benecke, Norbert, Alexander, Michelle, Linderholm, Anna, Mullin, Victoria E., Daly, Kevin G., Battista, Vincent M., Price, Max, Gron, Kurt J., Alexandri, Panoraia, Arbogast, Rose-Marie, Arbuckle, Benjamin, Balaşescu, Adrian, Barnett, Ro, Bartosiewicz, László, Baryshnikov, Gennady, Bonsall, Clive, ̧, Dušan Boric Adina Boroneant, Bulatovic, Jelena, Çakirlar, Canan, Carretero, José-Miguel, Chapman, John, Church, Mike, Crooijmans, Richard, De Cupere, Bea, Detry, Cleia, Dimitrijevic, Vesna, Dumitras ̧cu, Valentin, du Plessis, Loui, Edwards, Ceiridwen J., Merih Erek, Cevdet, ̆an, AslıErim-Özdog, Ervynck, Anton, Fulgione, Domenico, Gligor, Mihai, Götherström, Ander, Gourichon, Lionel, Groenen, Martien A. M., Helmer, Daniel, Hongo, Hitomi, Horwitz, Liora K., Irving-Pease, Evan K., Lebrasseur, Ophélie, Lesur, Joséphine, Malone, Caroline, Manaseryan, Ninna, Marciniak, Arkadiusz, Martlew, Holley, Mashkour, Marjan, Matthews, Roger, Motuzaite Matuzeviciute, Giedre, Maziar, Sepideh, Meijaard, Erik, Mcgovern, Tom, Megens, Hendrik-Jan, Miller, Rebecca, Fatemeh Mohaseb, Azadeh, Orschiedt, Jörg, Orton, David, Papathanasiou, Anastasia, Parker Pearson, Mike, Pinhasi, Ron, Radmanovic, Darko, Ricaut, François-Xavier, Richards, Mike, Sabin, Richard, Sarti, Lucia, Schier, Wolfram, Sheikhi, Shiva, Stephan, Elisabeth, Stewart, John R., Stoddart, Simon, Tagliacozzo, Antonio, Tasic, Nenad, Trantalidou, Katerina, Tresset, Anne, Valdiosera, Cristina, van den Hurk, Youri, Van Poucke, Sophie, Vigne, Jean-Deni, Yanevich, Alexander, Zeeb-Lanz, Andrea, Triantafyllidis, Alexandro, Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Schibler, Jörg, Rowley-Conwy, Peter, Zeder, Melinda, Peters, Jori, Cucchi, Thoma, Bradley, Daniel G., Dobney, Keith, Burger, Joachim, Evin, Allowen, Girdland-Flink, Linu, Larson, Greger, Archaeology of Northwestern Europe, Groningen Institute of Archaeology, Piperno, Dolores R., Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Department of Natural Sciences, German Archaeological Institute (DAI), Texas A&M University [College Station], Transplant Research Program [Boston, MA, USA], Boston Children's Hospital, Archéologie et histoire ancienne : Méditerranée - Europe (ARCHIMEDE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Baylor University, University of York [York, UK], Stockholm University, Cardiff School of History, Ancient History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, Romanian Academy of Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), UNIARQ, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Stockholm Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden, Gestion des ressources naturelles , environnements et sociétés (GReNES), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, University of Liverpool, HEC Paris - Recherche - Hors Laboratoire, Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris), School of Archaeology, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Connaissance Organisation et Systèmes TECHniques (COSTECH), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Laboratorio di Paleontologia e Archeozoologia, Soprintendenza Speciale al Museo Nazionale Preistorico ed Etnografico 'L. Pigorini', Roma, Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico 'L. Pigorini, Institute of archaeology (UCL), University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), University of Basel (Unibas), Institut für Paläoanatomie und Geschichte der Tiermedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, University of Aberdeen, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), University of Oxford [Oxford], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Swine, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Skin Pigmentation, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Gene flow, Domestication, ddc:590, BREEDS, DOMESTIC PIGS, HISTORY, 0601 history and archaeology, Neolithic, History, Ancient, Phylogeny, Multidisciplinary, 060102 archaeology, INTROGRESSION, Europe, pigs, domestication, genomes, WILD, 06 humanities and the arts, Archaeological evidence, SPREAD, Coat, Mitochondrial DNA, Evolution, Zoology, Locus (genetics), Biology, Animal Breeding and Genomics, DNA, Mitochondrial, Middle East, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, Fokkerij en Genomica, DNA, Ancient, General, ddc:930, Haplotype, DNA, 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie::930 Geschichte des Altertums bis ca. 499, Archäologie, LONG, SIZE, 030104 developmental biology, domestication evolution gene flow Neolithic, WIAS
Abstract: International audience; Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by ∼10,500 y before the present (BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers ∼8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disappeared and was replaced by haplotypes associated with European wild boars. This turnover could be accounted for by substantial gene flow from local Euro-pean wild boars, although it is also possible that European wild boars were domesticated independently without any genetic contribution from the Near East. To test these hypotheses, we obtained mtDNA sequences from 2,099 modern and ancient pig samples and 63 nuclear ancient genomes from Near Eastern and European pigs. Our analyses revealed that European domestic pigs dating from 7,100 to 6,000 y BP possessed both Near Eastern and European nuclear ancestry, while later pigs possessed no more than 4% Near Eastern ancestry, indicating that gene flow from European wild boars resulted in a near-complete disappearance of Near East ancestry. In addition, we demonstrate that a variant at a locus encoding black coat color likely originated in the Near East and persisted in European pigs. Altogether, our results indicate that while pigs were not independently domesticated in Europe, the vast majority of human-mediated selection over the past 5,000 y focused on the genomic fraction derived from the European wild boars, and not on the fraction that was selected by early Neolithic farmers over the first 2,500 y of the domestication process. domestication | evolution | gene flow | Neolithic
Published: 2019
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50. Figs. S1 to S17 from Specialized sledge dogs accompanied Inuit dispersal across the North American Arctic

Author: Ameen, Carly, Feuerborn, Tatiana R., Brown, Sarah K., Linderholm, Anna, Ardern Hulme-Beaman, Lebrasseur, Ophélie, Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding, Lounsberry, Zachary T., Lin, Audrey T., Appelt, Martin, Bachmann, Lutz, Betts, Matthew, Britton, Kate, Darwent, John, Dietz, Rune, Fredholm, Merete, Gopalakrishnan, Shyam, Goriunova, Olga I., Grønnow, Bjarne, Haile, James, Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn, Harrison, Ramona, Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter, Knecht, Rick, Losey, Robert J., Masson-MacLean, Edouard, McGovern, Thomas H., McManus-Fry, Ellen, Meldgaard, Morten, Midtdal, Åslaug, Moss, Madonna L., Nikitin, Iurii G., Nomokonova, Tatiana, Pálsdóttir, Albína Hulda, Perri, Angela, Popov, Aleksandr N., Rankin, Lisa, Reuther, Joshua D., Sablin, Mikhail, Schmidt, Anne Lisbeth, Shirar, Scott, Smiarowski, Konrad, Sonne, Christian, Stiner, Mary C., Mitya Vasyukov, West, Catherine F., Ween, Gro Birgit, Wennerberg, Sanne Eline, Wiig, Øystein, Woollett, James, Dalén, Love, Hansen, Anders J., Gilbert, Tom, Sacks, Benjamin, Frantz, Laurent, Larson, Greger, Dobney, Keith, Christyann M. Darwent, and Allowen Evin
Subjects: geographic locations
Abstract: Domestic dogs have been central to life in the North American Arctic for millennia. The ancestors of the Inuit were the first to introduce the widespread usage of dog sledge transportation technology to the Americas, but whether the Inuit adopted local Paleo-Inuit dogs or introduced a new dog population to the region remains unknown. To test these hypotheses, we generated mitochondrial DNA and geometric morphometric data of skull and dental elements from a total of 922 North American Arctic dogs and wolves spanning over 4500 years. Our analyses revealed that dogs from Inuit sites dating from 2000 BP possess morphological and genetic signatures that distinguish them from earlier Paleo-Inuit dogs, and identified a novel mitochondrial clade in eastern Siberia and Alaska. The genetic legacy of these Inuit dogs survives today in modern Arctic sledge dogs despite phenotypic differences between archaeological and modern Arctic dogs. Together, our data reveal that Inuit dogs derive from a secondary pre-contact migration of dogs distinct from Paleo-Inuit dogs, and most likely aided the Inuit expansion across the North American Arctic beginning around 1000 BP.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

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