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306 results on '"Allman, Brian L."'

10. Properties of the Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus Neurons Determine the Acoustic Startle Response in Cntnap2 KO Rats.

Author

Zheng, Alice, Mann, Rajkamalpreet S., Solaja, Dami, Allman, Brian L., and Schmid, Susanne

Subjects
STARTLE reaction, NEURONS, AUTISM spectrum disorders, RATS
Abstract

Background: Rats with a loss-of-function mutation in the contactin-associated protein-like 2 (Cntnap2) gene have been validated as an animal model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Similar to many autistic individuals, Cntnap2 knock-out rats (Cntnap2-/-) are hyperreactive to sound as measured through the acoustic startle response. The brainstem region that mediates the acoustic startle response is the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (PnC), specifically giant neurons in the PnC. We previously reported a sex-dependent genotypic effect in the sound-evoked neuronal activity recorded from the PnC, whereby female Cntnap2-/- rats had a dramatic increase in soundevoked responses compared with wildtype counterparts, but male Cntnap2-/- rats showed only a modest increase in PnC activity that cannot fully explain the largely increased startle in male Cntnap2-/- rats. The present study therefore investigates activation and histological properties of PnC giant neurons in Cntnap2-/- rats and wildtype littermates. Methods: The acoustic startle response was elicited by presenting rats with 95 dB startle pulses before rats were euthanized. PnC brain sections were stained and analyzed for the total number of PnC giant neurons and the percentage of giant neurons that expressed phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) in response to startle stimuli. Additionally, in vitro electrophysiology was conducted to assess the resting state activity and intrinsic properties of PnC giant neurons. Results: Wildtype and Cntnap2-/- rats had similar total numbers of PnC giant neurons and similar levels of baseline pCREB expression, as well as similar numbers of giant neurons that were firing at rest. Increased startle magnitudes in Cntnap2-/- rats were associated with increased percentages of pCREB-expressing PnC giant neurons in response to startle stimuli. Male rats had increased pCREB-expressing PnC giant neurons compared with female rats, and the recruited giant neurons in males were also larger in soma size. Conclusions: Recruitment and size of PnC giant neurons are important factors for regulating the magnitude of the acoustic startle response in Cntnap2-/- rats, particularly in males. These findings allow for a better understanding of increased reactivity to sound in Cntnap2-/- rats and in CNTNAP2-associated disorders such as ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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38. Additional file 1 of TSPO PET detects acute neuroinflammation but not diffuse chronically activated MHCII microglia in the rat

Author

Al-Khishman, Nassir U., Qi, Qi, Roseborough, Austyn D., Levit, Alexander, Allman, Brian L., Udunna C. Anazodo, Fox, Matthew S., Whitehead, Shawn N., and Thiessen, Jonathan D.

Abstract

Additional file 1.: Online Fig. 1 SUV was significantly different between the pseudoreference regions, cerebellum and PAG, in wild-type and TgAPP21 [F(1,21) = 53.30, P < .0005, two-way ANOVA]. Whole brain SUV is also shown. CIR: contralateral to the infarct region. PAG: periaqueductal gray. Error = SD. Online Fig. 2 Wild-type saline and ET1 rat pseudoreference regions at baseline, day 7, and day 28 after an injection in the right dorsal striatum. (A) SUV maps overlaid on T2-weighted MRI. (B) SUV showed a significant effect of region [F(1,21) = 53.30, P < .0005, two-way ANOVA]. CIR, contralateral to the infarct region; PAG, periaqueductal gray. Error = SD. Online Table 1 SUV (mean ± SD) in the pseudoreference regions of wild-type saline and ET1 rats at baseline, day 7, and day 28 after an injection in the right dorsal striatum. SUV was not significantly affected by genotype, ET1, or interaction between ET1 and timepoints (P = ns for two-way and three-way ANOVA). Region was a significant factor (F(2,12) = 27.47, P = 0.001, three-way ANOVA). Online Fig. 3 Correlations of distribution volume with distribution volume ratio to candidate pseudoreference regions. Each point represents one region in one Wt rat at the 28 day post-stroke timepoint. The coefficients of determination are provided in the graph. CIR, contralateral to the infarct region; PAG, periaqueductal gray. Online Fig. 4 Correlations of infarct TSPO immunohistochemistry to uptake ratios calculated using candidate pseudoreference regions. Regression coefficients are provided in the graph. CIR, contralateral to the infarct region; PAG, periaqueductal gray; IR, Infarct region. Online Fig. 5 TSPO Immunohistochemistry of WM at day 7 and day 28 in saline and ET1 rats. (A) Representative images and (B) quantification of cell count for TSPO. FM, Forceps Minor; CC, corpus collosum; i, ipsilateral; c, contralateral; p, posterior. Bar indicates 100 µm. Error = SD.

Published
2020
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