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1. Education in the Digital Age: Learning Experience in Virtual and Mixed Realities

Author

Allcoat, Devon, Hatchard, Tim, Azmat, Freeha, Stansfield, Kim, Watson, Derrick, and von Mühlenen, Adrian

Abstract

In recent years Virtual Reality has been revitalized, having gained and lost popularity between the 1960s and 1990s, and is now widely used for entertainment purposes. However, Virtual Reality, along with Mixed Reality and Augmented Reality, has broader application possibilities, thanks to significant advances in technology and accessibility. In the current study, we examined the effectiveness of these new technologies for use in education. We found that learning in both virtual and mixed environments resulted in similar levels of performance to traditional learning. However, participants reported higher levels of engagement in both Virtual Reality and Mixed Reality conditions compared to the traditional learning condition, and higher levels of positive emotions in the Virtual Reality condition. No simulator sickness was found from using either headset, and both headsets scored similarly for system usability and user acceptance of the technology. Virtual Reality, however, did produce a higher sense of presence than Mixed Reality. Overall, the findings suggest that some benefits can be gained from using Virtual and Mixed Realities for education.

Published
2021
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2. Physical activity but not sedentary activity is reduced in primary Sjögren’s syndrome

Author

Ng, Wan-Fai, Miller, Ariana, Bowman, Simon J., Price, Elizabeth J., Kitas, George D., Pease, Colin, Emery, Paul, Lanyon, Peter, Hunter, John, Gupta, Monica, Giles, Ian, Isenberg, David, McLaren, John, Regan, Marian, Cooper, Annie, Young-Min, Steven A., McHugh, Neil, Vadivelu, Saravanan, Moots, Robert J., Coady, David, MacKay, Kirsten, Dasgupta, Bhaskar, Sutcliffe, Nurhan, Bombardieri, Michele, Pitzalis, Costantino, Griffiths, Bridget, Mitchell, Sheryl, Miyamoto, Samira Tatiyama, Trenell, Michael, Hall, Frances, Bacabac, Elalaine C., Moots, Robert, Chakravarty, Kuntal, Lamabadusuriya, Shamin, Bombardieri, Michele, Pitzalis, Constantino, Sutcliffe, Nurhan, Gendi, Nagui, Adeniba, Rashidat, Hamburger, John, Richards, Andrea, Rauz, Saaeha, Brailsford, Sue, Logan, Joanne, Mulherin, Diarmuid, Andrews, Jacqueline, Emery, Paul, McManus, Alison, Pease, Colin, Booth, Alison, Regan, Marian, Dimitroulas, Theodoros, Kadiki, Lucy, Kaur, Daljit, Kitas, George, Lloyd, Mark, Moore, Lisa, Gordon, Esther, Lawson, Cathy, Gupta, Monica, Hunter, John, Stirton, Lesley, Ortiz, Gill, Price, Elizabeth, Clunie, Gavin, Rose, Ginny, Cuckow, Sue, Knight, Susan, Symmons, Deborah, Jones, Beverley, Al-Ali, Shereen, Carr, Andrew, Collins, Katherine, Corbett, Ian, Downie, Christine, Edgar, Suzanne, Carrozzo, Marco, Figuereido, Francisco, Foggo, Heather, James, Katherine, Lendrem, Dennis, Macleod, Iain, Mawson, Philip, Mitchell, Sheryl, Natasari, Andini, Stocks, Philip, Tarn, Jessica, Jones, Adrian, Lanyon, Peter, Muir, Alice, White, Paula, Young-Min, Steven, Pugmire, Susan, Vadivelu, Saravanan, Cooper, Annie, Watkins, Marianne, Field, Anne, Kaye, Stephen, Mewar, Devesh, Medcalf, Patricia, Tomlinson, Pamela, Whiteside, Debbie, McHugh, Neil, Pauling, John, James, Julie, Olaitan, Nike, Akil, Mohammed, McDermott, Jayne, Godia, Olivia, Coady, David, Kidd, Elizabeth, Palmer, Lynne, Dasgupta, Bhaskar, Katsande, Victoria, Long, Pamela, Li, Charles, Chandra, Usha, MacKay, Kirsten, Fedele, Stefano, Ferenkeh-Koroma, Ada, Giles, Ian, Isenberg, David, Maconnell, Helena, Porter, Stephen, Allcoat, Paul, McLaren, John, and on behalf of the UK Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome Registry

Published
2017
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3. Association between age at disease onset of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis and clinical presentation and short-term outcomes

Author

Monti, S., Craven, A., Klersy, C., Montecucco, C., Caporali, R., Watts, R., Merkel, P. A., Luqmani, R., Achilleos, K., Adler, M., Alba, M. A., Albert, D. A., Alibaz-Oner, F., Allcoat, P., Amano, K., Amarasuriya, M., Amudala, N. A., Andrews, J., Archer, A. M., Arimura, Y., Atukorala, I., Azevedo, E., Bajad, S., Baldwin, C., Barra, L. J., Baslund, B., Basu, N., Baykal, M., Berger, C., Berglin, E., Besada, E., Bhardwaj, M., Bischof, A., Blockmans, D., Blood, J., Draibe, J. B., Brand, S., Brandao, M., Bruce, I. N., Butler, A., Calabrese, L. H., Ferrer, D. C., Carette, S., Carmona, D., Ceunen, H., Chakravarty, K., Chapman, P. T., Chocova, Z., Chung, S. A., Ci, W., Cid, M. C., Clark, T. M., Clarkson, M. R., De Jesus Contreras-Rodriguez, F., Conway, R., Cooke, K., Viros, X. C., Cordeiro, A., Costa, A., Culfear, K., Daikeler, T., Danda, D., Das, S. K., Dasgupta, B., De Castro, A. M., Dehghan, N., Devassy, R., Dhindsa, N., Diamantopoulos, A. P., Direskeneli, H., Dobashi, H., Juan, D., Durrani, M., Edelsten, C., Eifert, J., Elhayek, S., Elsideeg, S., Endo, T., Erden, A., Erer, B., Eriksson, P., Erturk, Z., Espigol-Frigole, G., Felicetti, M., Ferraro, A., Ferro, J. M., Fifi-Mah, A., Flores-Suarez, L. F., Flossmann, O., Flynn, D., Fonseca, J. E., Foot, J., Foote, M., Forbess, L., Fujimoto, S., Fukuoka, K., Furtado, C., Furuta, S., Gaffo, A. L., Gallagher, P., Gao, N., Gatenby, P., Gendi, N., Geraldes, R., Gerits, A., Gioffredi, A., Gomples, L., Goncalves, M. J., Gondo, P., Graham, A., Grainger, R., Gray, D. T., Grayson, P. C., Griffiths, L., Guo, Y., Gupta, R., Gylling, M., Hajj-Ali, R. A., Hammam, N., Harigai, M., Hartley, L., Haslett, J., Hassan, A., Hatemi, G., Hellmich, B., Henckaerts, L., Henes, J. C., Hepburn, J., Herd, V., Hess, C., Hill, C., Hinojosa-Azaola, A., Hirahashi, J., Hirano, F., Hocevar, A., Holle, J., Hollinger, N., Homma, S., Howard, T., Hoyles, R. K., Hruskova, Z., Hutcheon, G., Ignacak, M., Igney-Oertel, A., Ikeda, K., Ikegaya, N., Jagadeesh, S., Jaquith, J., Jayne, D. R. W., Jewell, T., Jones, C., Joshi, A., Kalyoncu, U., Kamall, S., Kamath, S., Lai, K. S., Kaname, S., Kanchinadham, S., Karadag, O., Karube, M., Kaszuba, M., Kaur, R., Kawakami, T., Kawashima, S., Khalidi, N., Khan, A., Kikuchi, M., Kilic, L., Kimura, M., King, M. J., Klapa, S., Klocke, R., Kobayashi, T., Kobayashi, S., Komagata, Y., Kronbichler, A., Kuczia, P., Kumar, M. S., Kurosawa, M., Lamprecht, P., Langford, C. A., Lanyon, P., Laversuch, C., Lee, S. J., Leoni, S., Li, J., Liang, K., Liang, P., Liao, H., Lee, L. A., Luqmani, R. A., Lyle, A., Macdonald, M., Mackie, S. L., Madden, L., Magliano, M., Makino, H., Makol, A., Malaiya, R., Malaviya, A., Manthri, R., Maritati, F., Da Silva, A. M., Mason, J. C., Matara, C., Matsui, K., Matteson, E. L., Mcbride, D., Mccullough, K., Mcgeoch, L., Mclaren, J., Mcmillian, C., Mendiratta, N., Menon, A., Merinopoulos, D., Merkel, P., Messier, S., Micheletti, R. G., Mills, K., Milman, N., Minoda, M., Minz, R. W., Mock, C., Mohammad, A. J., Moiseev, S., Moitinho, M., Molloy, E., Monach, P. A., Montgomery, M., Moosig, F., Moradizadeh, M., Morgan, M., Morgan, A. W., Morgan, A. -M., Muir, A., Mukhtyar, C., Muller, A., Muratore, F., Muso, E., Nada, R., Nakajima, H., Nakajima, T., Nakano, H., Nandagudi, A., Neumann, T., Y. F., Ng, K. H., Ng, Nogueira, E. L., Nolkha, N., Nordstrom, D., Novikov, P., Nugaliyadde, A., O'Donnell, J. L., O'Donoghue, J., O'Neill, L., O'Riordan, E., Oatley, M., Okubo, K., Oliva, E., Oshikawa, H., Ota, Y., Padoan, R., Pagnoux, C., Pan, L., Panaritis, K., Park, J. K., Patel, S., Patil, P., Pazzola, G., Peall, A., Pearce, F., Pehlevan, S., Pereira, L., Pettersson, T., Pineau, C. A., Pirila, L., Poglodek, B., Ponte, C., Prieto-Gonzalez, S., Priya, S. R., Purewal, B., Purschke, S., Putaala, J., Quickert, S., Quincey, V., Raghuvanshi, S., Rajasekhar, L., Ranganathan, D., Rathi, M., Rees, D., Rees, F., Renken, U., Restuccia, G., Rhee, R. L., Rice, B., Robins, D., Robson, J., Rodrigues, M., Romao, V. C., Rotar, C., Ruediger, C., Rutgers, A., A. C., Sa, Saavedra, M. J., Sada, K. -E., Sahbudin, I., Salvarani, C., Sandhu, N., Santos, E., Sato, Y., Schafer, V. S., Schiavon, F., Schmidt, W. A., Segelmark, M., Shahin, A., Sharma, A., Shotton, J., Silva, C., Singer, O. G., Sivasuthan, G., Smolen, S., Solanich-Moreno, X., Boixader, L. S., Song, Y. W., Springer, J., Sreih, A. G., Srivastava, R., Stamp, L. K., Stevens, R., Strbian, D., Sugino, K., Sunderkotter, C., Suppiah, R., Suzuki, K., Szekanecz, Z., Sznajd, J., Taimen, K., Tak, P. P., Takeuchi, T., Takizawa, N., Tames, L., Tan, B. E., Tanaka, M., Tang, M. W., Tatlisumak, T., Tesar, V., Thomas, A., Tian, X., Tokunaga, K., Tombetti, E., Tomsic, M., Toz, B., Tsukamoto, T., Uchida, S., Unal, A. U., Urban, M. L., Usui, J., Vaglio, A., Venkatachalam, S., Vermaak, E., Viswanath, V., Wada, T., Wagh, S., Wallace, D. J., Walters, G., Walz, B., Wan, J., Wang, T., Wang, G., Warrington, K. J., Watts, R. A., Wawrzycka-Adamczyk, K., Weeratunga, P., Weisman, M. H., Wickramasinghe, S., Williams, M., Wojcik, K., Woodruff, L., Xenitidis, T., Yamada, H., Yamagata, K., Yee, C. -S., Yoon, M., Yoshida, K., Yoshifuji, H., Ytterberg, S. R., Yumura, W., Zayed, H., Zeng, X., Zhao, M. -H., Zugaj, A., Zuk, J., İç Hastalıkları, Clinical Haematology, and Translational Immunology Groningen (TRIGR)

Subjects
Male, Outcome, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic, 030232 urology & nephrology, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, 80 and over, Pharmacology (medical), Age of Onset, Young adult, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, age, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, outcome, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis, Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Morbidity, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Survival Rate, United Kingdom, Young Adult, Vasculitis, Systemic vasculitis, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis, Antibodies, 03 medical and health sciences, Rheumatology, Internal medicine, medicine, education, Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis, Survival rate, Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Age of onset, business
Abstract

Objectives ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) can affect all age groups. We aimed to show that differences in disease presentation and 6 month outcome between younger- and older-onset patients are still incompletely understood. Methods We included patients enrolled in the Diagnostic and Classification Criteria for Primary Systemic Vasculitis (DCVAS) study between October 2010 and January 2017 with a diagnosis of AAV. We divided the population according to age at diagnosis: Results A total of 1338 patients with AAV were included: 66% had disease onset at Conclusion Within 6 months of diagnosis of AAV, patients >65 years of age display a different pattern of organ involvement and an increased risk of significant damage and mortality compared with younger patients.

Published
2021
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4. IFITM3 restricts the morbidity and mortality associated with influenza

Author

Everitt, Aaron R., Clare, Simon, Pertel, Thomas, John, Sinu P., Wash, Rachael S., Smith, Sarah E., Chin, Christopher R., Feeley, Eric M., Sims, Jennifer S., Adams, David J., Wise, Helen M., Kane, Leanne, Goulding, David, Digard, Paul, Anttila, Verneri, Baillie, Kenneth J., Walsh, Tim S., Hume, David A., Palotie, Aarno, Xue, Yali, Colonna, Vincenza, Tyler-Smith, Chris, Dunning, Jake, Gordon, Stephen B., Everingham, K., Dawson, H., Hope, D., Ramsay, P., Walsh (Local Lead Investigator), T. S., Campbell, A., Kerr, S., Harrison, D., Rowan, K., Addison, J., Donald, N., Galt, S., Noble, D., Taylor, J., Webster (Local Lead Investigator), N., Taylor (Local Lead Investigator), I., Aldridge (Local Lead Investigator), J., Dornan, R., Richard, C., Gilmour, D., Simmons (Local Lead Investigator), R., White (Local Lead Investigator), R., Jardine, C., Williams (Local Lead Investigator), D., Booth (Local Lead Investigator), M., Quasim, T., Watson, V., Henry, P., Munro, F., Bell, L., Ruddy (Local Lead Investigator), J., Cole (Local Lead Investigator), S., Southward, J., Allcoat, P., Gray, S., McDougall (Local Lead Investigator), M., Matheson, J., Whiteside (Local Lead Investigator), J., Alcorn, D., Rooney (Local Lead Investigator), K., Sundaram, R., Imrie (Local Lead Investigator), G., Bruce, J., McGuigan, K., Moultrie (Local Lead Investigator), S., Cairns (Local Lead Investigator), C., Grant, J., Hughes, M., Murdoch (Local Lead Investigator), C., Davidson (Local Lead Investigator), A., Harris, G., Paterson, R., Wallis (Local Lead Investigator), C., Binning (Local Lead Investigator), S., Pollock, M., Antonelli, J., Duncan, A., Gibson, J., McCulloch, C., Murphy, L., Haley, C., Faulkner, G., Freeman, T., Hume, D. A., Baillie (Principal Investigator), J. K., Chaussabel, D., Adamson, W. E., Carman, W. F., Thompson, C., Zambon, M. C., Aylin, P., Ashby, D., Barclay, W. S., Brett, S. J., Cookson, W. O., Drumright, L. N., Dunning, J., Elderfield, R. A., Garcia-Alvarez, L., Gazzard, B. G., Griffiths, M. J., Habibi, M. S., Hansel, T. T., Herberg, J. A., Holmes, A. H., Hussell, T., Johnston, S. L., Kon, O. M., Levin, M., Moffatt, M. F., Nadel, S., Openshaw, P. J., Warner, J. O., Aston, S. J., Gordon, S. B., Hay, A., McCauley, J., OʼGarra, A., Banchereau, J., Hayward, A., Baillie, J. K., Simmonds, P., McNamara, P. S., Semple, M. G., Smyth, R. L., Nguyen-Van-Tam, J. S., Ho, L.-P., McMichael, A. J., Kellam, P., Smyth, Rosalind L., Openshaw, Peter J., Dougan, Gordon, Brass, Abraham L., and Kellam, Paul

Published
2012
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5. Subjective and Objective Measures of Dryness Symptoms in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: Capturing the Discrepancy

Author

Bezzina, Oriana M., Gallagher, Peter, Mitchell, Sheryl, Bowman, Simon J., Griffiths, Bridget, Hindmarsh, Victoria, Hargreaves, Ben, Price, Elizabeth J., Pease, Colin T., Emery, Paul, Lanyon, Peter, Bombardieri, Michele, Sutcliffe, Nurhan, Pitzalis, Costantino, Hunter, John, Gupta, Monica, McLaren, John, Cooper, Anne M., Regan, Marian, Giles, Ian P., Isenberg, David A., Saravanan, Vadivelu, Coady, David, Dasgupta, Bhaskar, McHugh, Neil J., Young‐Min, Steven A., Moots, Robert J., Gendi, Nagui, Akil, Mohammed, MacKay, Kirsten, Ng, W. Fai, Robinson, Lucy J., Bacabac, Elalaine C, Moots, Robert, Chakravarty, Kuntal, Lamabadusuriya, Shamin, Pitzalis, Constantino, Adeniba, Rashidat, Hamburger, John, Richards, Andrea, Rauz, Saaeha, Brailsford, Sue, Logan, Joanne, Mulherin, Diarmuid, Andrews, Jacqueline, McManus, Alison, Pease, Colin, Booth, Alison, Dimitroulas, Theodoros, Kadiki, Lucy, Kaur, Daljit, Kitas, George, Lloyd, Mark, Moore, Lisa, Gordon, Esther, Lawson, Cathy, Stirton, Lesley, Ortiz, Gill, Price, Elizabeth, Clunie, Gavin, Rose, Ginny, Cuckow, Sue, Knight, Susan, Symmons, Deborah, Jones, Beverley, Al‐Ali, Shereen, Carr, Andrew, Collins, Katherine, Corbett, Ian, Downie, Christine, Edgar, Suzanne, Carrozzo, Marco, Figuereido, Francisco, Foggo, Heather, Humphreys, Claire, James, Katherine, Lendrem, Dennis, Locke, James, Macleod, Iain, Mawson, Philip, Stocks, Philip, Tarn, Jessica, Jones, Adrian, Muir, Alice, White, Paula, Young‐Min, Steven, Pugmire, Susan, Vadivelu, Saravanan, Cooper, Annie, Watkins, Marianne, Field, Anne, Kaye, Stephen, Mewar, Devesh, Medcalf, Patricia, Tomlinson, Pamela, Whiteside, Debbie, McHugh, Neil, Pauling, John, James, Julie, Olaitan, Nike, McDermott, Jayne, Godia, Olivia, Kidd, Elizabeth, Palmer, Lynne, Katsande, Victoria, Long, Pamela, Li, Charles, Chandra, Usha, Fedele, Stefano, Ferenkeh‐Koroma, Ada, Giles, Ian, Isenberg, David, Maconnell, Helena, Porter, Stephen, and Allcoat, Paul

Abstract

To develop a novel method for capturing the discrepancy between objective tests and subjective dryness symptoms (a sensitivity scale) and to explore predictors of dryness sensitivity. Archive data from the UKPrimary Sjögren's Syndrome Registry (n = 688) were used. Patients were classified on a scale from −5 (stoical) to +5 (sensitive) depending on the degree of discrepancy between their objective and subjective symptoms classes. Sensitivity scores were correlated with demographic variables, disease‐related factors, and symptoms of pain, fatigue, anxiety, and depression. Patients were on average relatively stoical for both types of dryness symptoms (mean ± SDocular dryness −0.42 ± 2.2 and −1.24 ± 1.6 oral dryness). Twenty‐seven percent of patients were classified as sensitive to ocular dryness and 9% to oral dryness. Hierarchical regression analyses identified the strongest predictor of ocular dryness sensitivity to be self‐reported pain and that of oral dryness sensitivity to be self‐reported fatigue. Ocular and oral dryness sensitivity can be classified on a continuous scale. The 2 symptom types are predicted by different variables. A large number of factors remain to be explored that may impact symptom sensitivity in primary Sjögrenʼs syndrome, and the proposed method could be used to identify relatively sensitive and stoical patients for future studies.

Published
2017
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7. Evaluating the Angina Plan in Patients Admitted to Hospital with Angina: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Zetta, Stella, Smith, Karen, Jones, Martyn, Allcoat, Paul, and Sullivan, Frank

Abstract

The aim of this trial was to evaluate the Angina Plan (AP), a cognitive‐behavioral nurse‐facilitated self‐help intervention against standard care (SC). A randomized controlled trial of 218 patients hospitalized with angina assessed participants predischarge and 6 months later. Data were collected during a structured interview using validated questionnaires, self‐report, and physiological measurement to assess between group changes in mood, knowledge and misconceptions, cardiovascular risk, symptoms, quality of life, and health service utilization. The intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis found no reliable effects on anxiety and depression at 6 months. AP participants reported increased knowledge, less misconceptions, reduced body mass index (BMI), an increase in self‐reported exercise, less functional limitation, and improvements in general health perceptions and social and leisure activities compared to those receiving SC. Sensitivity analysis excluding participants with high baseline depression revealed a statistical significant reduction in depression levels in AP compared to the SC participants. Analysis excluding participants receiving cardiac surgery or angioplasty removed the ITT effects on physical limitation, self‐reported exercise and general health perceptions and the improvements seen in social and leisure activities, while adaptive effects on knowledge, misconceptions and BMI remained and between‐group changes in depression approached significance. Initiating the AP in a secondary care setting for patients with new and existing angina produces similar benefits to those reported in newly diagnosed primary care patients. Further evaluation is required to examine the extent of observed effects in the longer term.

Published
2011
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8. Autonomic symptoms are common and are associated with overall symptom burden and disease activity in primary Sjögren's syndrome

Author

Newton, J.L., Frith, J., Powell, D., Hackett, K., Wilton, K., Bowman, S., Price, E., Pease, C., Andrews, J., Emery, P., Hunter, J., Gupta, M., Vadivelu, S., Giles, I., Isenberg, D., Lanyon, P., Jones, A., Regan, M., Cooper, A., Moots, R., Sutcliffe, N., Bombardieri, M., Pitzalis, C., McLaren, J., Young-Min, S., Dasgupta, B., Griffiths, B., Lendrem, D., Mitchell, S., Ng, W.-F., Bacabac, E.C., Chadravarty, K., Lamabadusuriya, S., Gendi, N., Adeniba, R., Hamburger, J., Richards, A., Rauz, S., Brailsford, S., Logan, J., Mulherin, D., McManus, A., Booth, A., Dimitroulas, T., Kadiki, L., Kaur, D., Kitas, G., Lloyd, M., Moore, L., Gordon, E., Lawson, C., Stirton, L., Ortiz, G., Clunie, G., Rose, G., Cuckow, S., Knight, S., Symmons, D., Jones, B., Carr, A., Edgar, S., Carrozzo, M., Figuereido, F., Foggo, H., Gillespie, C., Macleod, I., Tarn, J., Muir, A., White, P., Pugmire, S., Watkins, M., Field, A., Kaye, S., Mewar, D., Medcalf, P., Tomlinson, P., Whiteside, D., McHugh, N., Pauling, J., James, J., Olaitan, N., Akil, M., McDermott, J., Godia, O., Coady, D., Kidd, E., Palmer, L., Katsande, V., Long, P., Chandra, U., MacKay, K., Fedele, S., Ferenkeh-Koroma, A., Marconnell, H., Porter, S., Allcoat, P., Newton, J.L., Frith, J., Powell, D., Hackett, K., Wilton, K., Bowman, S., Price, E., Pease, C., Andrews, J., Emery, P., Hunter, J., Gupta, M., Vadivelu, S., Giles, I., Isenberg, D., Lanyon, P., Jones, A., Regan, M., Cooper, A., Moots, R., Sutcliffe, N., Bombardieri, M., Pitzalis, C., McLaren, J., Young-Min, S., Dasgupta, B., Griffiths, B., Lendrem, D., Mitchell, S., Ng, W.-F., Bacabac, E.C., Chadravarty, K., Lamabadusuriya, S., Gendi, N., Adeniba, R., Hamburger, J., Richards, A., Rauz, S., Brailsford, S., Logan, J., Mulherin, D., McManus, A., Booth, A., Dimitroulas, T., Kadiki, L., Kaur, D., Kitas, G., Lloyd, M., Moore, L., Gordon, E., Lawson, C., Stirton, L., Ortiz, G., Clunie, G., Rose, G., Cuckow, S., Knight, S., Symmons, D., Jones, B., Carr, A., Edgar, S., Carrozzo, M., Figuereido, F., Foggo, H., Gillespie, C., Macleod, I., Tarn, J., Muir, A., White, P., Pugmire, S., Watkins, M., Field, A., Kaye, S., Mewar, D., Medcalf, P., Tomlinson, P., Whiteside, D., McHugh, N., Pauling, J., James, J., Olaitan, N., Akil, M., McDermott, J., Godia, O., Coady, D., Kidd, E., Palmer, L., Katsande, V., Long, P., Chandra, U., MacKay, K., Fedele, S., Ferenkeh-Koroma, A., Marconnell, H., Porter, S., and Allcoat, P.

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of autonomic dysfunction (dysautonomia) among patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (PSS) and the relationships between dysautonomia and other clinical features of PSS. Methods: Multicentre, prospective, cross-sectional study of a UK cohort of 317 patients with clinically well-characterised PSS. Symptoms of autonomic dysfunction were assessed using a validated instrument, the Composite Autonomic Symptom Scale (COMPASS). The data were compared with an age- and sex-matched cohort of 317 community controls. The relationships between symptoms of dysautonomia and various clinical features of PSS were analysed using regression analysis. Results: COMPASS scores were significantly higher in patients with PSS than in age- and sex-matched community controls (median (IQR) 35.5 (20.9-46.0) vs 14.8 (4.4-30.2), p32.5, a cut-off value indicative of autonomic dysfunction. Furthermore, the COMPASS total score correlated independently with EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Patient Reported Index (a composite measure of the overall burden of symptoms experienced by patients with PSS) (β=0.38, p

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