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1. Anti-Inflammatory and Antiviral Osmotic Polymeric Film to Treat Covid-19 Early-Stage Infection

Author

Shrivastava R, Johansen B, and Allain T

Subjects
filmogen glycerol, antiviral, anti-cytokines, anti-inflammatory, covid-19, s1, rbd, Pathology, RB1-214, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Ravi Shrivastava,1 Remi Shrivastava,1 Bianca Johansen,1 Thibault Allain2,3 1VITROBIO Research Institute, Issoire, 63500, France; 2Laboratoire SANABEL, Paris, 75011, France; 3UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, FranceCorrespondence: Ravi Shrivastava Email rs@vitrobio.comBackground: Covid-19 infection starts in the nasal cavity when viral S1 and RBD proteins bind to the host cell ACE2 receptors, the virus multiplies, causes cell lysis, and enters the circulation. This triggers a strong cytokine release and inflammation of the nasal mucosa. A multitarget approach of cleaning the nasal mucosa and suppressing chances of nasal and systemic inflammation should minimize severe respiratory consequences. Unfortunately, no such treatments are yet available.Methods: We describe the conception of an osmotic polymeric film using an in vitro nasal mucosa mimicking model, containing polymers to neutralize Covid-19 specific viral S1, RBD proteins and selected proinflammatory cytokines.Results: The filmogen barrier forms a stable and osmotic film on the nasal mucosa. Hypotonic liquid exudation from the nasal surface detaches and drains the inflammatory cytokines and other contaminants towards the film where selected polymers bind and neutralize SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 and RBD protein as well as Covid-19 disease-specific key pro-inflammatory IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-13, and GM-CSF cytokines.Conclusion: Minimizing the nasal surface concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines and viruses should help nasal mucosa repair and avoid immune stress. This nearly instant, simple, scientific, safe, and logical approach should help attenuate Covid-19 induced systemic inflammation at an early stage without being affected by viral S1 spike protein mutations.Keywords: filmogen glycerol, antiviral, anti-cytokines, anti-inflammatory, Covid-19, S1, RBD

Published
2021

16. Irish gerontological society: Proceedings of 44th annual scientific meeting held 1996

Author

Finucane, P., Giles, L., O’Sullivan, C., Duggan, J., Sexton, A., Atkins, N., O’Brien, E., Freyne, A., Wrigley, M., Maguire, C. P., Rowan, M., O’Neill, D., Lawlor, B. A., Walsh, J. B., Coakley, D., Cagney, M., Harbison, J., Crowe, M., Keating, D., Coen, R. F., O’Boyle, C. A., Coakley, D., Lawlor, B. A., Doyle, R. M., Kennedy, N. P., Doyle, S., Gerrard-Dunne, P., Weir, D. G., Walsh, J. B., Maguire, C. P., Rowan, M., Coen, R., O’Neill, D., Lawlor, B. A., Walsh, J. B., Coakley, D., Mulpeter, K., McNally, B., Daly, E., Harmon, D., O’Neill, D., Stokes, E., Kennedy, N., Gilchriest, D., Heaney, A. E., Young, I. S., Beringer, T. R. O., Coen, R. F., Kirby, M., Swanwick, G. R. J., Maguire, C. P., Bruce, I., Buggy, F., O’Neill, D., Walsh, J. B., Coakley, D., Lawlor, B. A., Beausang, P., O’Connor, M., Hyland, M., Twomey, C., Swanwick, G. R. J., Maguire, C. P., Kirby, M., Coen, R. F., Lawlor, B. A., O’Neill, D., Walsh, J. B., Coakley, D., Maguire, C. P., MacMahon, M., Smith, T., O’Neill, D., Walsh, J. B., Lawlor, B. A., Love, Wm. C., Coakley, D., Foy, C. J., Passmore, A. P., Vahidassr, M. D., Smye, M., Young, I., Cunningham, C., Horgan, N. F., Keane, N., Connolly, P., Mannion, A., Kelly, A., O’Neill, D., Power, M., Greene, J., Fan, C. W., McDonnell, B., Crowe, M., Johnson, Z., Doona, M., Lawlor, R., Magee, C., O’Neill, D., Walsh, J. B., Coakley, D., McCormack, P., O’Sullivan, C., Nolan, D., Ó Mathúna, P., Duggan, J., Lyons, D., Allain, T. J., Roy, S., Polkey, M., Swift, C. G., Heraty, M., Keane, E. M., O’Broin, S., Kelleher, B., Coakley, D., Walsh, J. B., O’Connor, M. P., Gaynor, C., Lynch, D., Twomey, C., Hyland, C. M., Hanlon, D., Doyle, R. M., Walsh, J. B., Harrington, P., Ryan, M., Doyle, R., Walsh, J. B., St. John Coss, D., Junejo, S., Donnellan, C. A., Gosney, M. A., Clinch, D., Hilton, D., O’Malley, B., Albloushi, S., Lavan, J. N., Courtney, M. G., Hardiman, E., Bolger, M., Pooransingh, S., Flannery, W., O’Malley, C., Horkan, E. M., Lundstrom, F., Webster, R., Threadgold, M., Hamill, R., Tracey, F., McConnell, J. G., Taylor, I. C., Duggan, E., Murphy, A., Nelson, S. J., Rea, I. M., Ward, M., McNulty, H., O’Loughlin, A., Duggan, J., Collas, D. M., Tannock, C., Walker, Z., and Katona, C.

Published
1998
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31. Irish gerontological society

Author

Finucane, P., Giles, L., OʼSullivan, C., Duggan, J., Sexton, A., Atkins, N., OʼBrien, E., Freyne, A., Wrigley, M., Maguire, C. P., Rowan, M., OʼNeill, D., Lawlor, B. A., Walsh, J. B., Coakley, D., Cagney, M., Harbison, J., Crowe, M., Keating, D., Coen, R. F., OʼBoyle, C. A., Doyle, R. M., Kennedy, N. P., Doyle, S., Gerrard-Dunne, P., Weir, D. G., Coen, R., Mulpeter, K., McNally, B., Daly, E., Harmon, D., Stokes, E., Kennedy, N., Gilchriest, D., Heaney, A. E., Young, I. S., Beringer, T. R. O., Kirby, M., Swanwick, G. R. J., Bruce, I., Buggy, F., Beausang, P., OʼConnor, M., Hyland, M., Twomey, C., MacMahon, M., Smith, T., Love, Wm. C., Foy, C. J., Passmore, A. P., Vahidassr, M. D., Smye, M., Young, I., Cunningham, C., Horgan, N. F., Keane, N., Connolly, P., Mannion, A., Kelly, A., Power, M., Greene, J., Fan, C. W., McDonnell, B., Johnson, Z., Doona, M., Lawlor, R., Magee, C., McCormack, P., Nolan, D., Mathúna, P. Ó, Lyons, D., Allain, T. J., Roy, S., Polkey, M., Swift, C. G., Heraty, M., Keane, E. M., OʼBroin, S., Kelleher, B., OʼConnor, M. P., Gaynor, C., Lynch, D., Hyland, C. M., Hanlon, D., Harrington, P., Ryan, M., Doyle, R., St. John Coss, D., Junejo, S., Donnellan, C. A., Gosney, M. A., Clinch, D., Hilton, D., OʼMalley, B., Albloushi, S., Lavan, J. N., Courtney, M. G., Hardiman, E., Bolger, M., Pooransingh, S., Flannery, W., OʼMalley, C., Horkan, E. M., Lundstrom, F., Webster, R., Threadgold, M., Hamill, R., Tracey, F., McConnell, J. G., Taylor, I. C., Duggan, E., Murphy, A., Nelson, S. J., Rea, I. M., Ward, M., McNulty, H., OʼLoughlin, A., Collas, D. M., Tannock, C., Walker, Z., and Katona, C.

Published
1998
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40. VITAMIN D STATUS AND FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE IN ELDERLY PEOPLE WHO FALL

Author

DHESI, J.K., BEARNE, L., SWIFT, C.G., JACKSON, S.H.D., and ALLAIN, T.

Subjects
Gerontology -- Research, Vitamin D deficiency -- Physiological aspects, Falls (Accidents) -- Physiological aspects, Aged -- Functional assessment, Health, Psychology and mental health, Seniors, Social sciences
Published
2001

41. Evaluation of Xpert MTB/RIF for Detection of Tuberculosis from Blood Samples of HIV-Infected Adults Confirms Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacteremia as an Indicator of Poor Prognosis

Author

Feasey, N. A., Banada, P. P., Howson, W., Sloan, D. J., Mdolo, A., Boehme, C., Chipungu, G. A., Allain, T. J., Heyderman, Robert, Corbett, E. L., and Alland, D.

Subjects
wc_240, qw_125, wc_503_5, wf_220
Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death among HIV-infected adults, in part because of delayed diagnosis and therefore delayed initiation of treatment. Recently, the Gene-Xpert platform, a rapid, PCR-based diagnostic platform, has been validated for the diagnosis of TB with sputum. We have evaluated the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremia and investigated its impact on clinical outcomes. Consecutive HIV-infected adults with fever and cough presenting to Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi, were recruited and followed up for 2 months. At presentation, three sputum samples were examined by smear, culture, and Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the presence of M. tuberculosis and blood was drawn for PCR with Xpert, for mycobacterial culture (Myco/F Lytic), and for aerobic culture. One hundred four patients were recruited, and 44 (43%) were sputum culture positive for M. tuberculosis. Ten were Xpert blood positive, for a sensitivity of 21% and a specificity of 100%. The 2-week mortality rate was significantly higher among patients who were Xpert blood positive than among those who were negative (40% versus 3%; multivariate odds ratio [OR] for death if positive, 44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3 to 662). This effect persisted on assessment of the mortality rate at 2 months (40% versus 11%; OR, 5.6; 95% CI, 1.3 to 24.6). When screening uncomplicated patients presenting with a productive cough for pulmonary TB, Xpert blood offers no diagnostic advantage over sputum testing. Despite this, Xpert blood positivity is highly predictive of early death and this test rapidly identifies a group of patients in urgent need of initiation of treatment.

Published
2013

42. Numerical bifurcation analysis for 3‐dimensional sudden expansion fluid dynamic problem.

Author

Guevel, Y., Allain, T., Girault, G., and Cadou, J. M.

Subjects
FLUID dynamics, OPEN source software, BIFURCATION theory
Abstract

Summary: This paper deals with bifurcation analysis methods based on the asymptotic‐numerical method. It is used to investigate 3‐dimensional (3D) instabilities in a sudden expansion. To do so, high‐performance computing is implemented in ELMER, ie, an open‐source multiphysical software. In this work, velocity‐pressure mixed vectors are used with asymptotic‐numerical method–based methods, remarks are made for the branch‐switching method in the case of symmetry‐breaking bifurcation, and new 3D instability results are presented for the sudden expansion ratio, ie, E=3. Critical Reynolds numbers for primary bifurcations are studied with the evolution of a geometric parameter. New values are computed, which reveal new trends that complete a previous work. Several kinds of bifurcation are depicted and tracked with the evolution of the spanwise aspect ratio. One of these relies on a fully 3D effect as it breaks both spanwise and top‐bottom symmetries. This bifurcation is found for smaller aspect ratios than expected. Furthermore, a critical Reynolds number is found for the aspect ratio, ie, Ai=1, which was not previously reported. Finally, primary and secondary bifurcations are efficiently detected and all post‐bifurcated branches are followed. This makes it possible to plot a complete bifurcation diagram for this 3D case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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45. S75 Risk Factors And Therapeutic Implications Of Vitamin D Deficiency In Malawian Adults With Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Author

Sloan, D., primary, Guwende, C., additional, Banda, G., additional, Shani, D., additional, Kamdolozi, M., additional, Chisale, B., additional, Dutton, J., additional, Heyderman, R., additional, Butterworth, A., additional, Corbett, E., additional, Mwandumba, H., additional, Khoo, S., additional, Allain, T., additional, and Davies, G., additional

Published
2014
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47. Epidemiology

Author

Romero-Ortuno, R., primary, Kenny, R. A., additional, O'Halloran, A. M., additional, O'Connell, M. D. L., additional, Finucane, C., additional, Savva, G. M., additional, Robertson, I. H., additional, McGarrigle, C. A., additional, Cronin, H., additional, Robertson, D. A., additional, Coen, R. F., additional, Donoghue, O. A., additional, Horgan, N. F., additional, O'Regan, C., additional, Patel, H. P., additional, Syddall, H. E., additional, Jameson, K. A., additional, Cooper, C., additional, Sayer, A. A., additional, Simmonds, S. J., additional, Evandrou, M., additional, Mwambelo, M. C., additional, Mdolo, T. C., additional, Mfune, P. H. K., additional, Allain, T. J., additional, Keevil, V. L., additional, Jameson, K., additional, Syddall, H., additional, Dennison, E. M., additional, and Robinson, S., additional

Published
2013
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