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1. Infectivity of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen‐Positive Plasma With Undetectable HBV‐DNA: Can HBsAg Screening Be Discontinued in Egyptian Blood Donors?

Author

El Ekiaby, Magdy, Tanaka, Junko, van Drimmelen, Harry, Allain, Jean‐Pierre, and Lelie, Nico

Subjects
HEPATITIS B virus, BLOOD donors, VIRAL load, MEDICAL screening, BLOOD transfusion
Abstract

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infectivity data were reviewed and the 50% infectious dose (ID50) was reassessed in different HBsAg‐positive infection stages enabling modelling of transfusion‐transmitted (TT)‐HBV infection risk if HBsAg donor screening was replaced by individual donation nucleic acid amplification technology (ID‐NAT). Quantitative HBsAg and HBV‐DNA assays were performed against international standards to compare the ratio between potential infectious HBV virions and subviral HBsAg particles in Egyptian HBsAg‐positive blood donors as well as in Japanese chimpanzee samples of known infectivity. HBV‐DNA load below the quantification limit of detection was estimated against a reference standard by replicate NAT testing (n = 25). Infectivity of chimpanzee samples collected during ramp‐up and declining viremic phase were tested in a human liver chimeric mice (HLCM) model and compared with published infectivity data from different HBsAg‐positive infection stages. Lowest estimates of ID50 in HBsAg‐positive plasma were 3–6 HBV virions in chimpanzee studies. Infectivity decreased approximately 10‐100‐fold in the declining viremic phase using HLCM. In acute phase samples, HBV to HBsAg particle ratios varied between 1:102–104 but in HBsAg‐positive blood donors this particle ratio reached 1:106–1012 when viral load was below 100 HBV‐DNA copies/mL. Modelled TT‐HBV risk of an HBsAg‐positive/ID‐NAT nonreactive blood transfusion was estimated at 5.5%–27% for components containing 20–200 mL of plasma when assuming an ID50 of 316 (point estimate between 100 and 1000) virions. It cannot be ensured that discontinuation of HBsAg donor screening and reliance on ID‐NAT alone is safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. Update of the statements on biology and clinical impact of occult hepatitis B virus infection

Author

Allain, Jean-Pierre, Berg, Thomas, Bertoletti, Antonio, Brunetto, Maurizia Rossana, Bruno, Raffaele, Chen, Ding-Shinn, Coppola, Nicola, Cornberg, Markus, Craxì, Antonio, Dandri, Maura, Di Marco, Vito, Ferrari, Carlo, Gaeta, Giovanni Battista, Glebe, Dieter, Guidotti, Luca G., Kramvis, Anna, Lampertico, Pietro, Li, Chengyao, Liang, Jake, Marzano, Alfredo, Michalak, Thomas I., Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel, Prati, Daniele, Puoti, Massimo, Samuel, Didier, Soriano, Vincent, Squadrito, Giovanni, Sureau, Camille, Trepo, Christian, Yuen, Man-Fung, Raimondo, Giovanni, Locarnini, Stephen, Pollicino, Teresa, Levrero, Massimo, Zoulim, Fabien, and Lok, Anna S.

Published
2019
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11. Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Liver Fibrosis in Chinese Patients.

Author

Tang, Xi, Yang, Liu, Zhang, Panli, Wang, Cong, Luo, Shengxue, Liu, Bochao, Fu, Yongshui, Candotti, Daniel, Allain, Jean-Pierre, Zhang, Ling, Li, Chengyao, and Li, Tingting

Subjects
HEPATIC fibrosis, HEPATITIS B, HEPATITIS associated antigen, CHINESE people, FLUORESCENCE in situ hybridization
Abstract

Background The impact of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)–negative/hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA–positive occult HBV infection (OBI) on the severity of liver fibrosis remains unclear. Methods A total of 1772 patients negative for HBsAg but positive for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg), stratified by the presence or absence of OBI, were selected for long-term carriage leading to elevation of ≥2 of 4 liver fibrosis indexes—hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin, type III procollagen peptide (PCIII), and type IV collagen (CIV)—at testing in a Chinese hospital. Patients were tested for serum viral load, HBV markers, and histopathological changes in liver biopsy specimens. Results OBI was identified in 148 patients with liver fibrosis (8.4%), who had significantly higher levels of HA, laminin, PCIII, and CIV than 1624 fibrotic patients without OBI (P <.05). In 36 patients with OBI who underwent liver biopsy, significant correlations were observed between OBI viral load and serum HA levels (P =.01), PCIII levels (P =.01), and pathological histological activity index (HAI) scores (P <.001), respectively; HAI scores and PCIII levels (P =.04); HBcAg immunohistochemical scores and HA levels (P <.001); and HBcAg immunohistochemical scores and PCIII levels (P =.03). Positive fluorescent in situ hybridization results were significantly more frequent in patients with OBIs (80.6% vs 37.5% in those without OBIs). Among patients with OBIs, HBcAg was detected in the liver tissue in 52.8% and HBsAg in 5.6%. Conclusions OBI status appears to be associated with liver fibrosis severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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13. Anti-HBc-nonreactive occult hepatitis B infections with HBV genotypes B and C in vaccinated immunocompetent adults

Author

Deng, Xuelian, Guo, Xiaohan, Gu, Hongfang, Wang, Dong, Laperche, Syria, Allain, Jean-Pierre, Zang, Liang, Candotti, Daniel, Candotti, Daniel [0000-0001-7738-5373], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Adult, Hepatitis B virus, occult infection, Hepatitis B Surface Antigens, Genotype, HBV variants, anti-HBs, Blood Donors, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis B Core Antigens, viral DNA, Young Adult, Hepatitis B, Chronic, DNA, Viral, Humans, Hepatitis B Antibodies, hepatitis B vaccine
Abstract

Funder: Grifols Diagnostic Solutions Inc, Absence of anti-HBc reactivity with detectable anti-HBs was observed in blood donors with occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI). The prevalence and mechanisms underlying this uncommon condition were investigated over time in Chinese blood donors with OBI. Isolated anti-HBs OBI status was identified from 466,911 donors from Dalian, China, and monitored in follow-up (range: 2.6-84.3 months). HBV vaccination status was documented, and infecting viral strains were characterized. Of 451 confirmed OBIs (1:1035), 43 (9.5%; 1:10,858) had isolated anti-HBs as only serological marker. Isolated anti-HBs OBIs differed from anti-HBc-reactive OBIs by significantly younger age (median 24 years), higher HBV DNA (median: 20 IU/ml) and anti-HBs (median 60.5 IU/L) levels, paucity of mutations in HBV Core and S proteins, and high vaccination rate (72%). Vaccinated isolated anti-HBs OBIs (n = 31) differed from unvaccinated (n = 11) by significantly younger age (22 vs 38 years), higher anti-HBs level at index (48% vs 9% with anti-HBs >100 IU/L) and higher frequency of anti-HBs immune response (44% vs 20%). Of 15 vaccinated and 5 unvaccinated OBIs follow-up, 65% (8 vaccinated and 5 unvaccinated) became HBV DNA negative suggesting aborted recent infection, while 35% (7 vaccinated) had low persistent viraemia 2 to 65 months post index. In conclusion, isolated anti-HBs OBI in Chinese blood donors appears associated with young, vaccinated, adults exposed to HBV who predominantly develop low level aborted infection revealed by transient HBV DNA and immune anti-HBs response. However, a subset of individuals still experienced low but persistent viral replication whose clinical outcome remains uncertain.

Published
2022

18. Blood Transfusion in a Global Context

Author

Roberts, David J., primary, Bates, Imelda, additional, Field, Stephen P., additional, Dhabangi, Aggrey, additional, Allain, Jean Pierre, additional, and Delaney, Meghan, additional

Published
2022
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26. VOIR, ÉCOUTER, LIRE.

Author

MARTINEZ-AURIOL, Violeta, avec Sylvana MARTEL, Vincent MUCTRIER, ALLAIN, Jean-Pierre, CALVÈS, Bruno, CHANOIR, Yohann, CHARBONNIER, Marc, and ZWANG, Philippe

Abstract

The article reviews the exhibition "Portrait of Jean-Michel Basquiat as David" from Andy Warhol until April 5-August 28, 2023; review of book "Premiere Republique" by Victor Cauchois; and review of periodical "Bulletin de !'Association des Geographes Francais."

Published
2023

27. Prime-boost vaccination of mice and rhesus macaques with two novel adenovirus vectored COVID-19 vaccine candidates

Author

Luo, Shengxue, Zhang, Panli, Liu, Bochao, Yang, Chan, Liang, Chaolan, Wang, Qi, Zhang, Ling, Tang, Xi, Li, Jinfeng, Hou, Shuiping, Zeng, Jinfeng, Fu, Yongshui, Allain, Jean-Pierre, Li, Tingting, Zhang, Yuming, Li, Chengyao, Li, Tingting [0000-0001-5727-2179], Li, Chengyao [0000-0002-2087-873X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Male, Mice, Inbred BALB C, COVID-19 Vaccines, simian adenovirus 23 vector, SARS-CoV-2, T-Lymphocytes, Genetic Vectors, Immunization, Secondary, COVID-19, Antibodies, Viral, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Macaca mulatta, Adenoviridae, mice and non-human primates, Mice, Inbred C57BL, prime-boost vaccination, Mice, HEK293 Cells, Animals, Humans, Female, human adenovirus 49 vector
Abstract

COVID-19 vaccines are being developed urgently worldwide. Here, we constructed two adenovirus vectored COVID-19 vaccine candidates of Sad23L-nCoV-S and Ad49L-nCoV-S carrying the full-length gene of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The immunogenicity of two vaccines was individually evaluated in mice. Specific immune responses were observed by priming in a dose-dependent manner, and stronger responses were obtained by boosting. Furthermore, five rhesus macaques were primed with 5 × 109 PFU Sad23L-nCoV-S, followed by boosting with 5 × 109 PFU Ad49L-nCoV-S at 4-week interval. Both mice and macaques well tolerated the vaccine inoculations without detectable clinical or pathologic changes. In macaques, prime-boost regimen induced high titers of 103.16 anti-S, 102.75 anti-RBD binding antibody and 102.38 pseudovirus neutralizing antibody (pNAb) at 2 months, while pNAb decreased gradually to 101.45 at 7 months post-priming. Robust T-cell response of IFN-γ (712.6 SFCs/106 cells), IL-2 (334 SFCs/106 cells) and intracellular IFN-γ in CD4+/CD8+ T cell (0.39%/0.55%) to S peptides were detected in vaccinated macaques. It was concluded that prime-boost immunization with Sad23L-nCoV-S and Ad49L-nCoV-S can safely elicit strong immunity in animals in preparation of clinical phase 1/2 trials.

Published
2021
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33. VOIR, ECOUTER, LIRE... EXPOSITIONS, OPERAS, CONCERTS, LIVRES DE MUSIQUE, FILMS, DVD.

Author

MARTINEZ-AURIOL, Violeta, MULTRIER, Vincent, MARTEL, Sylvana, ALLAIN, Jean-Pierre, CALVES, Bruno, CHANOIR, Yohann, CHARBONNIER, Marc, and Philippe ZWANG

Abstract

The article presents the discussion on sculptures and drawings as well as archives and photographs remarkable Egyptian collection of the sculptor.

Published
2022

34. Anti-HBc-nonreactive occult hepatitis B infections with HBV genotypes B and C in vaccinated immunocompetent adults.

Author

Xuelian Deng, Xiaohan Guo, Hongfang Gu, Dong Wang, Laperche, Syria, Allain, Jean-Pierre, Liang Zang, and Candotti, Daniel

Subjects
HEPATITIS B, VACCINATION, VACCINATION status, HEPATITIS B virus, OCCULTISM, MOSAIC viruses
Abstract

Absence of anti-HBc reactivity with detectable anti-HBs was observed in blood donors with occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI). The prevalence and mechanisms underlying this uncommon condition were investigated over time in Chinese blood donors with OBI. Isolated anti-HBs OBI status was identified from 466,911 donors from Dalian, China, and monitored in follow-up (range: 2.6–84.3 months). HBV vaccination status was documented, and infecting viral strains were characterized. Of 451 confirmed OBIs (1:1035), 43 (9.5%; 1:10,858) had isolated anti-HBs as only serological marker. Isolated anti-­HBs OBIs differed from anti-­HBc-­reactive OBIs by significantly younger age (median 24 years), higher HBV DNA (median: 20 IU/ml) and anti-HBs (median 60.5 IU/L) levels, paucity of mutations in HBV Core and S proteins, and high vaccination rate (72%). Vaccinated isolated anti-HBs OBIs (n = 31) differed from unvaccinated (n = 11) by significantly younger age (22 vs 38 years), higher anti-HBs level at index (48% vs 9% with anti-HBs >100 IU/L) and higher frequency of anti-HBs immune response (44% vs 20%). Of 15 vaccinated and 5 unvaccinated OBIs follow-up, 65% (8 vaccinated and 5 unvaccinated) became HBV DNA negative suggesting aborted recent infection, while 35% (7 vaccinated) had low persistent viraemia 2 to 65 months post index. In conclusion, isolated anti-­HBs OBI in Chinese blood donors appears associated with young, vaccinated, adults exposed to HBV who predominantly develop low level aborted infection revealed by transient HBV DNA and immune anti-HBs response. However, a subset of individuals still experienced low but persistent viral replication whose clinical outcome remains uncertain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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35. Role of core protein mutations in the development of occult HBV infection

Author

Chen, Jingna, primary, Liu, Bochao, additional, Tang, Xi, additional, Zheng, Xin, additional, Lu, Jinhui, additional, Zhang, Ling, additional, Wang, Wenjing, additional, Candotti, Daniel, additional, Fu, Yongshui, additional, Allain, Jean-Pierre, additional, Li, Chengyao, additional, Li, Linhai, additional, and Li, Tingting, additional

Published
2021
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37. Combined Point-of-Care Nucleic Acid and Antibody Testing for SARS-CoV-2 following Emergence of D614G Spike Variant

Author

Baker, Stephen, Bradley, John, Dougan, Gordon, Goodfellow, Ian, Gupta, Ravi, Lehner, Paul J., Lyons, Paul, Matheson, Nicholas J., Smith, Kenneth G.C., Toshner, Mark, Weekes, Michael P., Brown, Nick, Curran, Martin, Palmar, Surendra, Zhang, Hongyi, Enoch, David, Chapman, Daniel, Shaw, Ashley, Jose, Sherly, Bermperi, Areti, Zerrudo, Julie Ann, Kourampa, Evgenia, Watson, Laura, Worsley, Jieniean, Saunders, Caroline, de Jesus, Ranalie, Domingo, Jason, Pasquale, Ciro, Vergese, Bensi, Vargas, Phoebe, Fabiculana, Marivic, Perales, Marlyn, Mynott, Lee, Blake, Elizabeth, Bates, Amy, Vallier, Anne-Laure, Williams, Alexandra, Phillips, David, Chiu, Edmund, Overhill, Alex, Ramenatte, Nicola, Sipple, Jamal, Frost, Steven, Knock, Helena, Hardy, Richard, Foster, Emily, Davidson, Fiona, Rundell, Viona, Bundi, Purity, Abeseabe, Richmond, Clark, Sarah, Vicente, Isabel, Elmer, Anne, Ribeiro, Carla, Kourampa, Jenny, Kennet, Jane, Rowlands, Jane, Meadows, Anne, O’Brien, Criona, Rastall, Rebecca, Crucusio, Cherry, Hewitt, Sarah, Price, Jane, Calder, Jo, Canna, Laura, Bucke, Ashlea, Tordesillas, Hugo, Harris, Julie, Ruffolo, Valentina, Graves, Barbara, Butcher, Helen, Caputo, Daniela, Le Gresley, Emma, Dunmore, Benjamin J., Martin, Jennifer, Legchenko, Ekaterina, Treacy, Carmen, Huang, Christopher, Wood, Jennifer, Sutcliffe, Rachel, Hodgson, Josh, Shih, Joy, Graf, Stefan, Tong, Zhen, Mescia, Federica, Tilly, Tobias, O’Donnell, Ciara, Hunter, Kelvin, Pointon, Linda, Pond, Nicole, Wylot, Marta, Jones, Emma, Fawke, Stuart, Bullman, Ben, Turner, Lori, Jarvis, Isobel, Omarjee, Ommar, De Sa, Aloka, Marsden, Joe, Betancourt, Ariana, Perera, Marianne, Epping, Maddie, Richoz, Nathan, Bower, Georgie, Sharma, Rahul, Nice, Francesca, Huhn, Oisin, Savoinykh Yarkoni, Natalia, Romashova, Nika, Lewis, Daniel, Hinch, Andrew, Cossetti, Chiara, Strezlecki, Mateusz, Grenfell, Richard, Stark, Hannah, Walker, Neil, Stirrups, Kathy, Ovington, Nigel, Dewhust, Eleanor, Li, Emily, Papadia, Sofia, Kingston, Nathalie, Lever, Andrew, Torok, Estee, Hamilton, William, Hall, Grant, Jahun, Aminu, Chaudhry, Yasmin, Pinckert, Malte, Georgana, Iliana, Yakovleva, Anna, Caller, Laura, Caddy, Sarah, Feltwell, Theresa, Khokhar, Fahad, Meredith, Luke, Holdcroft, Charlotte, Parmar, Surendra, Mlcochova, Petra, Collier, Dami, Ritchie, Allyson, Assennato, Sonny M., Hosmillo, Myra, Goel, Neha, Meng, Bo, Chatterjee, Krishna, Mendoza, Vivien, Temperton, Nigel, Kiss, Leo, James, Leo C., Ciazynska, Katarzyna A., Xiong, Xiaoli, Briggs, John A.G., Nathan, James A., Bergamaschi, Laura, Barmpounakis, Petros, Demeris, Nikos, Skells, Richard, Lyons, Paul A., Baker, Steven, Allain, Jean Pierre, Bousfield, Rachel, Wilson, Michael, Sparkes, Dominic, Amoroso, Glenn, Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrosyni, Hardwick, Susie, Boyle, Adrian, and Gupta, Ravindra K.

Published
2020
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42. III -- EXPOSITIONS : LES RÉGIONS.

Author

MARTINEZ-AURIOL, Violeta, MULTRiER, Vincent, MARTEL, Sylvana, ALLAIN, Jean-Pierre, CALVÈS, Bruno, CHANOIR, Yohann, CHARBONNIER, Marc, and ZWANG, Philippe

Abstract

The article reviews several exhibition held in Regions of France from 2022 to 2023 which include works of artist Tomi Ungerer; painting of Nina Childress and work of Marcel Duchamp.

Published
2022

43. I EXPOSITIONS : PARIS.

Author

MARTINEZ-AURIOL, Violeta, MULTRiER, Vincent, MARTEL, Sylvana, ALLAIN, Jean-Pierre, CALVÈS, Bruno, CHANOIR, Yohann, CHARBONNIER, Marc, and ZWANG, Philippe

Abstract

The article reviews several exhibitions held in Paris, France from 2022 to 2023 which include works of photography; complex history of the civilization of Islam and work of filmmaker Jean Painleve uses cinema as an exploration tool to reveal aspects.

Published
2022

45. Combined Point-of-Care Nucleic Acid and Antibody Testing for SARS-CoV-2 following Emergence of D614G Spike Variant

Author

Mlcochova, Petra, Collier, Dami, Ritchie, Allyson, Assennato, Sonny M, Hosmillo, Myra, Goel, Neha, Meng, Bo, Chatterjee, Krishna, Mendoza, Vivien, Temperton, Nigel, Kiss, Leo, James, Leo C, Ciazynska, Katarzyna A, Xiong, Xiaoli, Briggs, John AG, Nathan, James A, Mescia, Federica, Bergamaschi, Laura, Zhang, Hongyi, Barmpounakis, Petros, Demeris, Nikos, Skells, Richard, Lyons, Paul A, Bradley, John, Baker, Steven, Allain, Jean Pierre, Smith, Kenneth GC, Bousfield, Rachel, Wilson, Michael, Sparkes, Dominic, Amoroso, Glenn, Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrosyni, Hardwick, Susie, Boyle, Adrian, Goodfellow, Ian, Gupta, Ravindra K, Cambridge Institute Of Therapeutic Immunology And Infectious Disease-National Institute Of Health Research (CITIID-NIHR) COVID BioResource Collaboration, Mlcochova, Petra [0000-0001-6908-9363], Hosmillo, Myra [0000-0002-3514-7681], Chatterjee, Krishna [0000-0002-2654-8854], Kiss, Leo [0000-0001-8735-1118], Nathan, James [0000-0002-0248-1632], Mescia, Federica [0000-0002-2759-4027], Lyons, Paul [0000-0001-7035-8997], Bradley, John [0000-0002-7774-8805], Baker, Stephen [0000-0003-1308-5755], Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni [0000-0002-0930-8330], Gupta, Ravindra [0000-0001-9751-1808], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Immunoassay, Male, point of care testing, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Middle Aged, D614G, Antibodies, Viral, Sensitivity and Specificity, COVID-19 Testing, rapid diagnoses, Neutralization Tests, Point-of-Care Testing, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Humans, Female, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques, Aged
Abstract

Rapid COVID-19 diagnosis in the hospital is essential, although this is complicated by 30%-50% of nose/throat swabs being negative by SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT). Furthermore, the D614G spike mutant dominates the pandemic and it is unclear how serological tests designed to detect anti-spike antibodies perform against this variant. We assess the diagnostic accuracy of combined rapid antibody point of care (POC) and nucleic acid assays for suspected COVID-19 disease due to either wild-type or the D614G spike mutant SARS-CoV-2. The overall detection rate for COVID-19 is 79.2% (95% CI 57.8-92.9) by rapid NAAT alone. The combined point of care antibody test and rapid NAAT is not affected by D614G and results in very high sensitivity for COVID-19 diagnosis with very high specificity.

Published
2020

47. Prime-boost vaccination of mice and rhesus macaques with two novel adenovirus vectored COVID-19 vaccine candidates

Author

Luo, Shengxue, primary, Zhang, Panli, additional, Liu, Bochao, additional, Yang, Chan, additional, Liang, Chaolan, additional, Wang, Qi, additional, Zhang, Ling, additional, Tang, Xi, additional, Li, Jinfeng, additional, Hou, Shuiping, additional, Zeng, Jinfeng, additional, Fu, Yongshui, additional, Allain, Jean-Pierre, additional, Li, Tingting, additional, Zhang, Yuming, additional, and Li, Chengyao, additional

Published
2021
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