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1. Maternal mortality and morbidity burden in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study

Author

Mokdad, AH, Khalil, I, Collison, M, El Bcheraoui, C, Charara, R, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Afshin, A, Chew, A, Daoud, F, Krohn, KJ, Colombara, D, Ehrenkranz, R, Kutz, M, Wang, H, Abajobir, AA, Abd-Allah, F, Abraha, HN, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Kiadaliri, AA, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, KY, Ahmed, MB, Al Lami, FH, Alam, K, Alasfoor, D, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkaabi, JM, Al-Maskari, F, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, KA, Anber, N, Ansari, H, Asayesh, H, Asghar, RJ, Atey, TM, Ayele, TA, Baernighausen, T, Bacha, U, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Baune, BT, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Geffen, D, Bedi, N, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Beyene, AS, Bhutta, ZA, Boneya, DJ, Borschmann, R, Breitborde, NJK, Butt, ZA, Catala-Lopez, F, Ciobanu, LG, Danawi, H, Deribew, A, Dharmaratne, SD, Doyle, KE, Endries, AY, Faraon, EJA, Faro, A, Farvid, MS, Fekadu, W, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fischer, F, Gebrehiwot, TT, Giref, AZ, Gishu, MD, Goulart, AC, Habtewold, TD, Hamadeh, RR, Hambisa, MT, Hamidi, S, Maria Haro, J, Hassanvand, MS, Horita, N, Hsairi, M, Huang, H, Husseini, A, Jakovljevic, MB, James, SL, Jonas, JB, Kasaeian, A, Khader, YS, Khan, EA, Khoja, ATA, Khosravi, A, Khubchandani, J, Kim, D, Kim, YJ, Kokubo, Y, Koyanagi, A, Defo, BK, Larson, HJ, Latif, AA, Lee, PH, Leshargie, CT, Leung, R, Lo, L-T, Lunevicius, R, Abd El Razek, HM, Abd El Razek, MM, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Martinez-Raga, J, Farid, HM, Mazidi, M, McGrath, JJ, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Mengesha, MM, Mengistie, MA, Mensah, GA, Mezgebe, HB, Miller, TR, Mitchell, PB, Mohammadi, A, Mohammed, S, Obermeyer, CM, Ogbo, FA, Palomares Castillo, E, Papachristou, C, Patten, SB, Patton, GC, Pereira, DM, Pervaiz, A, Phillips, MR, Pourmalek, F, Qorbani, M, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rai, RK, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Refaat, AH, Rezaei, S, Rezai, MS, Roshandel, G, Safdarian, M, Safiabadi, M, Safiri, S, Sagar, R, Sahraian, MA, Salamati, P, Samy, AM, Sartorius, B, Saylan, MI, Seedat, S, Sepanlou, SG, Shaikh, MA, Shamsizadeh, M, Santos Silva, DA, Singh, JA, Sobaih, BHA, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stein, DJ, Abdulkader, RS, Sykes, BL, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Sufiyan, M, Tabb, KM, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temsah, M-H, Terkawi, AS, Topor-Madry, R, Ukwaja, KN, Uthman, OA, Vollset, SE, Wakayo, T, Wang, Y-P, Werdecker, A, Westerman, R, Workicho, A, Yaghoubi, M, Yimam, HH, Yonemoto, N, Younis, MZ, Yu, C, Zaki, MES, Jumaan, AO, Vos, T, Hay, SI, Naghavi, M, Kassebaum, NJ, Murray, CJL, Mokdad, AH, Khalil, I, Collison, M, El Bcheraoui, C, Charara, R, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Afshin, A, Chew, A, Daoud, F, Krohn, KJ, Colombara, D, Ehrenkranz, R, Kutz, M, Wang, H, Abajobir, AA, Abd-Allah, F, Abraha, HN, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Kiadaliri, AA, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, KY, Ahmed, MB, Al Lami, FH, Alam, K, Alasfoor, D, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkaabi, JM, Al-Maskari, F, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, KA, Anber, N, Ansari, H, Asayesh, H, Asghar, RJ, Atey, TM, Ayele, TA, Baernighausen, T, Bacha, U, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Baune, BT, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Geffen, D, Bedi, N, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Beyene, AS, Bhutta, ZA, Boneya, DJ, Borschmann, R, Breitborde, NJK, Butt, ZA, Catala-Lopez, F, Ciobanu, LG, Danawi, H, Deribew, A, Dharmaratne, SD, Doyle, KE, Endries, AY, Faraon, EJA, Faro, A, Farvid, MS, Fekadu, W, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fischer, F, Gebrehiwot, TT, Giref, AZ, Gishu, MD, Goulart, AC, Habtewold, TD, Hamadeh, RR, Hambisa, MT, Hamidi, S, Maria Haro, J, Hassanvand, MS, Horita, N, Hsairi, M, Huang, H, Husseini, A, Jakovljevic, MB, James, SL, Jonas, JB, Kasaeian, A, Khader, YS, Khan, EA, Khoja, ATA, Khosravi, A, Khubchandani, J, Kim, D, Kim, YJ, Kokubo, Y, Koyanagi, A, Defo, BK, Larson, HJ, Latif, AA, Lee, PH, Leshargie, CT, Leung, R, Lo, L-T, Lunevicius, R, Abd El Razek, HM, Abd El Razek, MM, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Martinez-Raga, J, Farid, HM, Mazidi, M, McGrath, JJ, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Mengesha, MM, Mengistie, MA, Mensah, GA, Mezgebe, HB, Miller, TR, Mitchell, PB, Mohammadi, A, Mohammed, S, Obermeyer, CM, Ogbo, FA, Palomares Castillo, E, Papachristou, C, Patten, SB, Patton, GC, Pereira, DM, Pervaiz, A, Phillips, MR, Pourmalek, F, Qorbani, M, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rai, RK, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Refaat, AH, Rezaei, S, Rezai, MS, Roshandel, G, Safdarian, M, Safiabadi, M, Safiri, S, Sagar, R, Sahraian, MA, Salamati, P, Samy, AM, Sartorius, B, Saylan, MI, Seedat, S, Sepanlou, SG, Shaikh, MA, Shamsizadeh, M, Santos Silva, DA, Singh, JA, Sobaih, BHA, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stein, DJ, Abdulkader, RS, Sykes, BL, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Sufiyan, M, Tabb, KM, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temsah, M-H, Terkawi, AS, Topor-Madry, R, Ukwaja, KN, Uthman, OA, Vollset, SE, Wakayo, T, Wang, Y-P, Werdecker, A, Westerman, R, Workicho, A, Yaghoubi, M, Yimam, HH, Yonemoto, N, Younis, MZ, Yu, C, Zaki, MES, Jumaan, AO, Vos, T, Hay, SI, Naghavi, M, Kassebaum, NJ, and Murray, CJL

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Assessing the burden of maternal mortality is important for tracking progress and identifying public health gaps. This paper provides an overview of the burden of maternal mortality in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) by underlying cause and age from 1990 to 2015. METHODS: We used the results of the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study to explore maternal mortality in the EMR countries. RESULTS: The maternal mortality ratio in the EMR decreased 16.3% from 283 (241-328) maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in 1990 to 237 (188-293) in 2015. Maternal mortality ratio was strongly correlated with socio-demographic status, where the lowest-income countries contributed the most to the burden of maternal mortality in the region. CONCLUSION: Progress in reducing maternal mortality in the EMR has accelerated in the past 15 years, but the burden remains high. Coordinated and rigorous efforts are needed to make sure that adequate and timely services and interventions are available for women at each stage of reproductive life.

Published
2018

2. The burden of mental disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean region, 1990-2015: findings from the global burden of disease 2015 study

Author

Mokdad, AH, Charara, R, El Bcheraoui, C, Khalil, I, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Afshin, A, Kassebaum, NJ, Collison, M, Krohn, KJ, Chew, A, Daoud, F, Charlson, FJ, Colombara, D, Degenhardt, L, Ehrenkranz, R, Erskine, HE, Ferrari, AJ, Kutz, M, Leung, J, Santomauro, D, Wang, H, Whiteford, HA, Abajobir, AA, Abd-Allah, F, Abraha, HN, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Kiadaliri, AA, Ahmadi, A, Yimam, K, Beshir, M, Al Lami, FH, Alam, K, Alasfoor, D, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkaabi, JM, Al-Maskari, F, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, KA, Anber, N, Ansari, H, Asayesh, H, Asghar, RJ, Atey, TM, Ayele, TA, Baernighausen, T, Bacha, U, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Baune, BT, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Drew, CR, Geffen, D, Bedi, N, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Beyene, AS, Bhutta, ZA, Boneya, DJ, Borschmann, R, Breitborde, NJK, Butt, ZA, Catala-Lopez, F, Ciobanu, LG, Danawi, H, Deribew, A, Dharmaratne, SD, Doyle, KE, Endries, AY, Faraon, EJA, Faro, A, Farvid, MS, Fekadu, W, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fischer, F, Gebrehiwot, TT, Giref, AZ, Gishu, MD, Carvalho, A, Habtewold, TD, Hamadeh, RR, Hambisa, MT, Hamidi, S, Haro, JM, Hassanvand, MS, Horita, N, Hsairi, M, Huang, H, Husseini, A, Jakovljevic, MB, James, SL, Jonas, JB, Kasaeian, A, Khader, YS, Khan, EA, Khoja, ATA, Khosravi, A, Khubchandani, J, Kim, D, Kim, YJ, Kokubo, Y, Koyanagi, A, Defo, BK, Larson, HJ, Latif, AA, Lee, PH, Leshargie, CT, Leung, R, Lo, L-T, Lunevicius, R, Abd El Razek, HM, Abd El Razek, MM, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Martinez-Raga, J, Farid, HM, Mazidi, M, McGrath, JJ, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Mengesha, MM, Mengistie, MA, Mezgebe, HB, Miller, TR, Mitchell, PB, Mohammadi, A, Mohammed, S, Obermeyer, CM, Ogbo, FA, Castillo, EP, Papachristou, C, Patten, SB, Patton, GC, Pervaiz, A, Phillips, MR, Pourmalek, F, Qorbani, M, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rai, RK, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Refaat, AH, Rezaei, S, Rezai, MS, Roshandel, G, Safdarian, M, Safiabadi, M, Safiri, S, Sagar, R, Sahraian, MA, Salamati, P, Samy, AM, Sartorius, B, Saylan, MI, Seedat, S, Sepanlou, SG, Shaikh, MA, Shamsizadeh, M, Silva, DAS, Singh, JA, Sobaih, BHA, Stein, DJ, Abdulkader, RS, Sykes, BL, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabb, KM, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temsah, M-H, Terkawi, AS, Topor-Madry, R, Ukwaja, KN, Uthman, OA, Vollset, SE, Wakayo, T, Wang, Y-P, Werdecker, A, Westerman, R, Workicho, A, Yaghoubi, M, Yimam, HH, Yonemoto, N, Younis, MZ, Yu, C, Zaki, MES, Zein, B, Jumaan, AO, Vos, T, Hay, SI, Naghavi, M, Murray, CJL, Mokdad, AH, Charara, R, El Bcheraoui, C, Khalil, I, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Afshin, A, Kassebaum, NJ, Collison, M, Krohn, KJ, Chew, A, Daoud, F, Charlson, FJ, Colombara, D, Degenhardt, L, Ehrenkranz, R, Erskine, HE, Ferrari, AJ, Kutz, M, Leung, J, Santomauro, D, Wang, H, Whiteford, HA, Abajobir, AA, Abd-Allah, F, Abraha, HN, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Kiadaliri, AA, Ahmadi, A, Yimam, K, Beshir, M, Al Lami, FH, Alam, K, Alasfoor, D, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkaabi, JM, Al-Maskari, F, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, KA, Anber, N, Ansari, H, Asayesh, H, Asghar, RJ, Atey, TM, Ayele, TA, Baernighausen, T, Bacha, U, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Baune, BT, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Drew, CR, Geffen, D, Bedi, N, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Beyene, AS, Bhutta, ZA, Boneya, DJ, Borschmann, R, Breitborde, NJK, Butt, ZA, Catala-Lopez, F, Ciobanu, LG, Danawi, H, Deribew, A, Dharmaratne, SD, Doyle, KE, Endries, AY, Faraon, EJA, Faro, A, Farvid, MS, Fekadu, W, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fischer, F, Gebrehiwot, TT, Giref, AZ, Gishu, MD, Carvalho, A, Habtewold, TD, Hamadeh, RR, Hambisa, MT, Hamidi, S, Haro, JM, Hassanvand, MS, Horita, N, Hsairi, M, Huang, H, Husseini, A, Jakovljevic, MB, James, SL, Jonas, JB, Kasaeian, A, Khader, YS, Khan, EA, Khoja, ATA, Khosravi, A, Khubchandani, J, Kim, D, Kim, YJ, Kokubo, Y, Koyanagi, A, Defo, BK, Larson, HJ, Latif, AA, Lee, PH, Leshargie, CT, Leung, R, Lo, L-T, Lunevicius, R, Abd El Razek, HM, Abd El Razek, MM, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Martinez-Raga, J, Farid, HM, Mazidi, M, McGrath, JJ, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Mengesha, MM, Mengistie, MA, Mezgebe, HB, Miller, TR, Mitchell, PB, Mohammadi, A, Mohammed, S, Obermeyer, CM, Ogbo, FA, Castillo, EP, Papachristou, C, Patten, SB, Patton, GC, Pervaiz, A, Phillips, MR, Pourmalek, F, Qorbani, M, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rai, RK, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Refaat, AH, Rezaei, S, Rezai, MS, Roshandel, G, Safdarian, M, Safiabadi, M, Safiri, S, Sagar, R, Sahraian, MA, Salamati, P, Samy, AM, Sartorius, B, Saylan, MI, Seedat, S, Sepanlou, SG, Shaikh, MA, Shamsizadeh, M, Silva, DAS, Singh, JA, Sobaih, BHA, Stein, DJ, Abdulkader, RS, Sykes, BL, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabb, KM, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temsah, M-H, Terkawi, AS, Topor-Madry, R, Ukwaja, KN, Uthman, OA, Vollset, SE, Wakayo, T, Wang, Y-P, Werdecker, A, Westerman, R, Workicho, A, Yaghoubi, M, Yimam, HH, Yonemoto, N, Younis, MZ, Yu, C, Zaki, MES, Zein, B, Jumaan, AO, Vos, T, Hay, SI, Naghavi, M, and Murray, CJL

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Mental disorders are among the leading causes of nonfatal burden of disease globally. METHODS: We used the global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors study 2015 to examine the burden of mental disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR). We defined mental disorders according to criteria proposed in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders IV and the 10th International Classification of Diseases. RESULTS: Mental disorders contributed to 4.7% (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 3.7-5.6%) of total disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), ranking as the ninth leading cause of disease burden. Depressive disorders and anxiety disorders were the third and ninth leading causes of nonfatal burden, respectively. Almost all countries in the EMR had higher age-standardized mental disorder DALYs rates compared to the global level, and in half of the EMR countries, observed mental disorder rates exceeded the expected values. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of mental disorders in the EMR is higher than global levels, particularly for women. To properly address this burden, EMR governments should implement nationwide quality epidemiological surveillance of mental disorders and provide adequate prevention and treatment services.

Published
2018

3. Diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study

Author

Mokdad, AH, Moradi-Lakeh, M, El Bcheraoui, C, Khalil, I, Charara, R, Afshin, A, Wang, H, Collison, M, Krohn, KJ, Chew, A, Daoud, F, Blosser, CD, Cornaby, L, Foreman, KJ, Kassebaum, NJ, Kemmer, L, Kutz, M, Liu, P, Zipkin, B, Arnlov, J, Abate, KH, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alasfoor, D, Ali, R, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkaabi, JM, Alkerwi, A, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amini, E, Anber, N, Anwari, P, Asgedom, SW, Atey, TM, Avila-Burgos, L, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Baernighausen, T, Bacha, U, Barac, A, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Drew, CR, Geffen, D, Bedi, N, Berhe, DF, Beyene, AS, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Birhanu, MM, Butt, ZA, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Carpenter, DO, Carrero, JJ, Choi, J-YJJ, Danawi, H, Dharmaratne, SD, Ding, EL, Djalalinia, S, Doyle, KE, Ebrahimi, H, Endries, AY, Esteghamati, A, Farvid, MS, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Feyissa, TR, Fischer, F, Gebrehiwot, TT, Gona, PN, Gopalani, SV, Gyawali, B, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hamadeh, RR, Hamidi, S, Horino, M, Hsairi, M, Jakovljevic, MB, Jimenez-Corona, A, John, D, Jonas, JB, Kasaeian, A, Kengne, AP, Ketema, EB, Khader, YS, Khan, EA, Kim, D, Kim, YJ, Kinfu, Y, Kissimova-Skarbek, KA, Koyanagi, A, Larson, HJ, Larsson, A, Li, Y, Lotufo, PA, Lunevicius, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Mazidi, M, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Mengistie, MA, Mensah, GA, Mezgebe, HB, Miller, TR, Mohammed, MSK, Mohammed, S, Mueller, UO, Nagel, G, Cuong, TN, Quyen, LN, Vuong, MN, Noubiap, JJN, Ogbo, FA, Ortiz, A, Ota, E, Patel, T, Pearson-Stuttard, J, Perico, N, Petzold, M, Pishgar, F, Pourmalek, F, Qorbani, M, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rai, RK, Rana, SM, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, AMNN, Rezaei, S, Roshandel, G, Bacher, DR, Safdarian, M, Safi, S, Safiri, S, Sahraian, MA, Salamati, P, Samy, AM, Sanabria, JR, Dolores Sanchez-Nino, M, Milicevic, MMS, Sartorius, B, Sepanlou, SG, Shaikh, MA, Santos Silva, DA, Alves Silveira, DG, Sobaih, BHA, Abdulkader, RS, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temsah, M-H, Topor-Madry, R, Tran, BX, Ukwaja, KN, Uthman, OA, van Boven, JFM, Wakayo, T, Werdecker, A, Workicho, A, Yaghoubi, M, Yano, Y, Yaseri, M, Yonemoto, N, Younis, MZ, Zhang, AL, Jumaan, AO, Vos, T, Naghavi, M, Hay, SI, Murray, CJL, Mokdad, AH, Moradi-Lakeh, M, El Bcheraoui, C, Khalil, I, Charara, R, Afshin, A, Wang, H, Collison, M, Krohn, KJ, Chew, A, Daoud, F, Blosser, CD, Cornaby, L, Foreman, KJ, Kassebaum, NJ, Kemmer, L, Kutz, M, Liu, P, Zipkin, B, Arnlov, J, Abate, KH, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alasfoor, D, Ali, R, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkaabi, JM, Alkerwi, A, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amini, E, Anber, N, Anwari, P, Asgedom, SW, Atey, TM, Avila-Burgos, L, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Baernighausen, T, Bacha, U, Barac, A, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Drew, CR, Geffen, D, Bedi, N, Berhe, DF, Beyene, AS, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Birhanu, MM, Butt, ZA, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Carpenter, DO, Carrero, JJ, Choi, J-YJJ, Danawi, H, Dharmaratne, SD, Ding, EL, Djalalinia, S, Doyle, KE, Ebrahimi, H, Endries, AY, Esteghamati, A, Farvid, MS, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Feyissa, TR, Fischer, F, Gebrehiwot, TT, Gona, PN, Gopalani, SV, Gyawali, B, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hamadeh, RR, Hamidi, S, Horino, M, Hsairi, M, Jakovljevic, MB, Jimenez-Corona, A, John, D, Jonas, JB, Kasaeian, A, Kengne, AP, Ketema, EB, Khader, YS, Khan, EA, Kim, D, Kim, YJ, Kinfu, Y, Kissimova-Skarbek, KA, Koyanagi, A, Larson, HJ, Larsson, A, Li, Y, Lotufo, PA, Lunevicius, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Mazidi, M, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Mengistie, MA, Mensah, GA, Mezgebe, HB, Miller, TR, Mohammed, MSK, Mohammed, S, Mueller, UO, Nagel, G, Cuong, TN, Quyen, LN, Vuong, MN, Noubiap, JJN, Ogbo, FA, Ortiz, A, Ota, E, Patel, T, Pearson-Stuttard, J, Perico, N, Petzold, M, Pishgar, F, Pourmalek, F, Qorbani, M, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rai, RK, Rana, SM, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, AMNN, Rezaei, S, Roshandel, G, Bacher, DR, Safdarian, M, Safi, S, Safiri, S, Sahraian, MA, Salamati, P, Samy, AM, Sanabria, JR, Dolores Sanchez-Nino, M, Milicevic, MMS, Sartorius, B, Sepanlou, SG, Shaikh, MA, Santos Silva, DA, Alves Silveira, DG, Sobaih, BHA, Abdulkader, RS, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temsah, M-H, Topor-Madry, R, Tran, BX, Ukwaja, KN, Uthman, OA, van Boven, JFM, Wakayo, T, Werdecker, A, Workicho, A, Yaghoubi, M, Yano, Y, Yaseri, M, Yonemoto, N, Younis, MZ, Zhang, AL, Jumaan, AO, Vos, T, Naghavi, M, Hay, SI, and Murray, CJL

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: We used findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study to update our previous publication on the burden of diabetes and chronic kidney disease due to diabetes (CKD-DM) during 1990-2015. METHODS: We extracted GBD 2015 estimates for prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of diabetes (including burden of low vision due to diabetes, neuropathy, and amputations and CKD-DM for 22 countries of the EMR from the GBD visualization tools. RESULTS: In 2015, 135,230 (95% UI 123,034-148,184) individuals died from diabetes and 16,470 (95% UI 13,977-18,961) from CKD-DM, 216 and 179% increases, respectively, compared to 1990. The total number of people with diabetes was 42.3 million (95% UI 38.6-46.4 million) in 2015. DALY rates of diabetes in 2015 were significantly higher than the expected rates based on Socio-demographic Index (SDI). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed a large and increasing burden of diabetes in the region. There is an urgency in dealing with diabetes and its consequences, and these efforts should be at the forefront of health prevention and promotion.

Published
2018

4. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author

Wang, H, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abera, SF, Abraha, HN, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adedoyin, RA, Adetifa, IMO, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Aggarwal, R, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Kiadaliri, AA, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aichour, MTE, Aiyar, S, Akanda, S, Akinyemiju, TF, Akseer, N, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al Lami, FH, Alabed, S, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Aldridge, RW, Alene, KA, Alhabib, S, Ali, R, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, SM, Alkaabi, JM, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allam, SD, Allebeck, P, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Martin, EA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Ameh, EA, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Amoako, YA, Anber, N, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Ansari, H, Ansha, MG, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arnlov, J, Arora, M, Al, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Asghar, RJ, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Quintanilla, BPA, Babalola, TK, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Balalla, S, Barac, A, Barber, RM, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, T, Barquera, S, Barregard, L, Barrero, LH, Baune, BT, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bejot, Y, Bekele, BB, Bell, ML, Bello, AK, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Benson, J, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabe, E, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bisanzio, D, Bizuayehu, HM, Bjerregaard, P, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Boufous, S, Bourne, RRA, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, NJK, Brenner, H, Brugha, TS, Bukhman, G, Negesa, L, Bulto, B, Bumgarner, BR, Burch, M, Butt, ZA, Cahill, LE, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Campos-Nonato, IR, Car, J, Car, M, Crdenas, R, Carpenter, DO, Carrero, JJ, Carter, A, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Rivas, JC, Castro, FF, Castro, RE, Catala-Lopez, F, Chen, H, Chiang, PP-C, Chibalabala, M, Chisumpa, VH, Chitheer, AA, Choi, J-YJ, Christensen, H, Christopher, DJ, Ciobanu, LG, Cirillo, M, Cohen, AJ, Colquhoun, SM, Coresh, J, Criqui, MH, Cromwell, EA, Crump, JA, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dargan, PI, das Neves, J, Davey, G, Davitoiu, DV, Davletov, K, de Courten, B, De Leo, D, Degenhardt, L, Deiparine, S, Dellavalle, RP, Deribe, K, Deribew, A, Des Jarlais, DC, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, SD, Dherani, MK, Diaz-Torne, C, Ding, EL, Dixit, P, Djalalinia, S, Huyen, PD, Doku, DT, Donnelly, CA, Priscila, K, dos Santos, B, Douwes-Schultz, D, Driscoll, TR, Duan, L, Dubey, M, Duncan, BB, Dwivedi, LK, Ebrahimi, H, El Bcheraoui, C, Ellingsen, CL, Enayati, A, Endries, AY, Ermakov, SP, Eshetie, S, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esteghamati, A, Estep, K, Fanuel, BBF, Faro, A, Farvid, MS, Farzadfar, F, Feigin, VL, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, JG, Fernandes, JC, Feyissa, TR, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Foreman, KJ, Frank, T, Franklin, RC, Fraser, M, Friedman, J, Frostad, JJ, Fullman, N, Furst, T, Furtado, JM, Futran, ND, Gakidou, E, Gambashidze, K, Gamkrelidze, A, Gankpe, FG, Garcia-Basteiro, AL, Gebregergs, GB, Gebrehiwot, TT, Gebrekidan, KG, Gebremichael, MW, Gelaye, AA, Geleijnse, JM, Gemechu, BL, Gemechu, KS, Genova-Maleras, R, Gesesew, HA, Gething, PW, Gibney, KB, Gill, PS, Gillum, RF, Giref, AZ, Girma, BW, Giussani, G, Goenka, S, Gomez, B, Gona, PN, Gopalani, SV, Goulart, AC, Graetz, N, Gugnani, HC, Gupta, PC, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Haagsma, JA, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Bidgoli, HH, Hakuzimana, A, Halasa, YA, Hamadeh, RR, Hambisa, MT, Hamidi, S, Hammami, M, Hancock, J, Handal, AJ, Hankey, GJ, Hao, Y, Harb, HL, Hareri, HA, Harikrishnan, S, Haro, JM, Hassanvand, MS, Havmoeller, R, Hay, RJ, Hay, SI, He, F, Heredia-Pi, IB, Herteliu, C, Hilawe, EH, Hoek, HW, Horita, N, Hosgood, HD, Hostiuc, S, Hotez, PJ, Hoy, DG, Hsairi, M, Htet, AS, Hu, G, Huang, H, Huang, JJ, Iburg, KM, Igumbor, EU, Ileanu, BV, Inoue, M, Irenso, AA, Irvine, CMS, Islam, N, Jacobsen, KH, Jaenisch, T, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, MB, Javanbakht, M, Jayatilleke, AU, Jeemon, P, Jensen, PN, Jha, V, Jin, Y, John, D, John, O, Johnson, SC, Jonas, JB, Jurisson, M, Kabir, Z, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kalkonde, Y, Kamal, R, Kan, H, Karch, A, Karema, CK, Karimi, SM, Karthikeyan, G, Kasaeian, A, Kassaw, NA, Kassebaum, NJ, Kastor, A, Katikireddi, SV, Kaul, A, Kawakami, N, Kazanjan, K, Keiyoro, PN, Kelbore, SG, Kemp, AH, Kengne, AP, Keren, A, Kereselidze, M, Kesavachandran, CN, Ketema, EB, Khader, YS, Khalil, IA, Khan, EA, Khan, G, Khang, Y-H, Khera, S, Khoja, ATA, Khosravi, MH, Kibret, GD, Kieling, C, Kim, C-I, Kim, D, Kim, P, Kim, S, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kinfu, Y, Kishawi, S, Kissimova-Skarbek, KA, Kissoon, N, Kivimaki, M, Knudsen, AK, Kokubo, Y, Kopec, JA, Kosen, S, Koul, PA, Koyanagi, A, Kravchenko, M, Krohn, KJ, Defo, BK, Bicer, BK, Kuipers, EJ, Kulikoff, XR, Kulkarni, VS, Kumar, GA, Kumar, P, Kumsa, FA, Kutz, M, Lachat, C, Lagat, AK, Lager, ACJ, Lal, DK, Lalloo, R, Lambert, N, Lan, Q, Lansingh, VC, Larson, HJ, Larsson, A, Laryea, DO, Lavados, PM, Laxmaiah, A, Lee, PH, Leigh, J, Leung, J, Leung, R, Levi, M, Li, Y, Liao, Y, Liben, ML, Lim, SS, Linn, S, Lipshultz, SE, Liu, S, Lodha, R, Logroscino, G, Lorch, SA, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, PA, Lozano, R, Lunevicius, R, Lyons, RA, Ma, S, Macarayan, ERK, Machado, IE, Mackay, MT, Abd el Razek, MM, Magis-Rodriguez, C, Mahdavi, M, Majdan, M, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malhotra, R, Malta, DC, Mantovani, LG, Manyazewal, T, Mapoma, CC, Marczak, LB, Marks, GB, Martinez-Raga, J, Martins-Melo, FR, Massano, J, Maulik, PK, Mayosi, BM, Mazidi, M, McAlinden, C, McGarvey, ST, McGrath, JJ, Mckee, M, Mehata, S, Mehndiratta, MM, Mehta, KM, Meier, T, Mekonnen, TC, Meles, KG, Memiah, P, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Mengesha, MM, Mengistie, MA, Tadese, D, Menon, MGR, Menota, BG, Mensah, GA, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Mezgebe, HB, Micha, R, Mikesell, J, Miller, TR, Mills, EJ, Minnig, S, Mirarefin, M, Mirrakhimov, EM, Misganaw, A, Mishra, SR, Mohammad, KA, Mohammadi, A, Mohammed, KESM, Mohan, MBV, Mohanty, SK, Mokdad, AH, Assaye, AM, Mollenkopf, SK, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Hernandez, JCM, Montico, M, Mooney, MD, Moore, AR, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Velasquez, IM, Mori, R, Morrison, SD, Mruts, KB, Mueller, UO, Mullany, E, Muller, K, Venkata, G, Murthy, S, Musa, KI, Nachega, JB, Nagata, C, Nagel, G, Naghavi, M, Naidoo, KS, Nanda, L, Nangia, V, Nascimento, BR, Natarajan, G, Negoi, I, Cuong, TN, Ningrum, DNA, Nisar, MI, Nomura, M, Vuong, MN, Norheim, OF, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJN, Nyakarahuka, L, Obermeyer, CM, O'Donnell, MJ, Ogbo, FA, Oh, I-H, Okoro, A, Oladimeji, O, Olagunju, AT, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Oren, E, Ortiz, A, Osgood-Zimmerman, A, Ota, E, Owolabi, MO, Oyekale, AS, Pa, M, Pacella, RE, Pakhale, S, Pana, A, Panda, BK, Panda-Jonas, S, Park, E-K, Parsaeian, M, Patel, T, Patten, SB, Patton, GC, Paudel, D, Pereira, DM, Perez-Padilla, R, Perez-Ruiz, F, Perico, N, Pervaiz, A, Pesudovs, K, Peterson, CB, Petri, WA, Petzold, M, Phillips, MR, Piel, FB, Pigott, DM, Pishgar, F, Plass, D, Polinder, S, Popova, S, Postma, MJ, Poulton, RG, Pourmalek, F, Prasad, N, Purwar, M, Qorbani, M, Rabiee, RHS, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, SU, Rai, RK, Rajsic, S, Ram, U, Rana, SM, Ranabhat, CL, Rao, PV, Rawaf, S, Ray, SE, Rego, MAS, Rehm, J, Reiner, RC, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, AMNN, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, S, Rezai, MS, Ribeiro, AL, Rokni, MB, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Roth, GA, Rothenbacher, D, Roy, A, Rubagotti, E, Ruhago, GM, Saadat, S, Sabde, YD, Sachdev, PS, Sadat, N, Safdarian, M, Safiri, SSS, Sagar, R, Sahathevan, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, MA, Salama, J, Salamati, P, Salomon, JA, Salvi, SS, Samy, AM, Sanabria, JR, Sanchez-Nino, MD, Santos, IS, Milicevic, MMS, Sarmiento-Suarez, R, Sartorius, B, Satpathy, M, Sawhney, M, Saxena, S, Saylan, MI, Schmidt, MI, Schneider, IJC, Schutte, AE, Schwebel, DC, Schwendicke, F, Seedat, S, Seid, AM, Sepanlou, SG, Servan-Mori, EE, Shackelford, KA, Shaheen, A, Shahraz, S, Shaikh, MA, Shamsipour, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Islam, SMS, Sharma, J, Sharma, R, She, J, Shen, J, Shetty, BP, Shi, P, Shibuya, K, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shiue, I, Shrime, MG, Sigfusdottir, ID, Silberberg, DH, Silpakit, N, Silva, DAS, Silva, JP, Silveira, DGA, Sindi, S, Singh, A, Singh, JA, Singh, PK, Singh, V, Sinha, DN, Skiadaresi, E, Sligar, A, Smith, DL, Sobaih, BHA, Sobngwi, E, Soneji, S, Soriano, JB, Sreeramareddy, CT, Srinivasan, V, Stathopoulou, V, Steel, N, Stein, DJ, Steiner, C, Stockl, H, Stokes, MA, Strong, M, Sufiyan, MB, Suliankatchi, RA, Sunguya, BF, Sur, PJ, Swaminathan, S, Sykes, BL, Szoeke, CEI, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tadakamadla, SK, Tadese, F, Tandon, N, Tanne, D, Tarajia, M, Tavakkoli, M, Taveira, N, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tekelab, T, Tekle, DY, Shifa, GT, Temsah, M-H, Terkawi, AS, Tesema, CL, Tesssema, B, Theis, A, Thomas, N, Thompson, AH, Thomson, AJ, Thrift, AG, Tiruye, TY, Tobe-Gai, R, Tonelli, M, Topor-Madry, R, Topouzis, F, Tortajada, M, Tran, BX, Trujillo, TTU, Tsilimparis, N, Tuem, KB, Tuzcu, EM, Tyrovolas, S, Ukwaja, KN, Undurraga, EA, Uthman, OA, Uzochukwu, BSC, van Boven, JFM, Varakin, YY, Varughese, S, Vasankari, T, Vasconcelos, AMN, Venketasubramanian, N, Vidavalur, R, Violante, FS, Vishnu, A, Vladimirov, SK, Vlassov, VV, Vollset, SE, Vos, T, Waid, JL, Wakayo, T, Wang, Y-P, Weichenthal, S, Weiderpass, E, Weintraub, RG, Werdecker, A, Wesana, J, Wijeratne, T, Wilkinson, JD, Wiysonge, CS, Woldeyes, BG, Wolfe, CDA, Workicho, A, Workie, SB, Xavier, D, Xu, G, Yaghoubi, M, Yakob, B, Yalew, AZ, Yan, LL, Yano, Y, Yaseri, M, Ye, P, Yimam, HH, Yip, P, Yirsaw, BD, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S-J, Yotebieng, M, Younis, MZ, Zaidi, Z, Zaki, MES, Zeeb, H, Zenebe, ZM, Zerfu, TA, Zhang, AL, Zhang, X, Zodpey, S, Zuhlke, LJ, Lopez, AD, Murray, CJL, Wang, H, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abera, SF, Abraha, HN, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adedoyin, RA, Adetifa, IMO, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Aggarwal, R, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Kiadaliri, AA, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aichour, MTE, Aiyar, S, Akanda, S, Akinyemiju, TF, Akseer, N, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al Lami, FH, Alabed, S, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Aldridge, RW, Alene, KA, Alhabib, S, Ali, R, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, SM, Alkaabi, JM, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allam, SD, Allebeck, P, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Martin, EA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Ameh, EA, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Amoako, YA, Anber, N, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Ansari, H, Ansha, MG, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arnlov, J, Arora, M, Al, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Asghar, RJ, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Quintanilla, BPA, Babalola, TK, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Balalla, S, Barac, A, Barber, RM, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, T, Barquera, S, Barregard, L, Barrero, LH, Baune, BT, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bejot, Y, Bekele, BB, Bell, ML, Bello, AK, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Benson, J, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabe, E, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bisanzio, D, Bizuayehu, HM, Bjerregaard, P, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Boufous, S, Bourne, RRA, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, NJK, Brenner, H, Brugha, TS, Bukhman, G, Negesa, L, Bulto, B, Bumgarner, BR, Burch, M, Butt, ZA, Cahill, LE, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Campos-Nonato, IR, Car, J, Car, M, Crdenas, R, Carpenter, DO, Carrero, JJ, Carter, A, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Rivas, JC, Castro, FF, Castro, RE, Catala-Lopez, F, Chen, H, Chiang, PP-C, Chibalabala, M, Chisumpa, VH, Chitheer, AA, Choi, J-YJ, Christensen, H, Christopher, DJ, Ciobanu, LG, Cirillo, M, Cohen, AJ, Colquhoun, SM, Coresh, J, Criqui, MH, Cromwell, EA, Crump, JA, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dargan, PI, das Neves, J, Davey, G, Davitoiu, DV, Davletov, K, de Courten, B, De Leo, D, Degenhardt, L, Deiparine, S, Dellavalle, RP, Deribe, K, Deribew, A, Des Jarlais, DC, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, SD, Dherani, MK, Diaz-Torne, C, Ding, EL, Dixit, P, Djalalinia, S, Huyen, PD, Doku, DT, Donnelly, CA, Priscila, K, dos Santos, B, Douwes-Schultz, D, Driscoll, TR, Duan, L, Dubey, M, Duncan, BB, Dwivedi, LK, Ebrahimi, H, El Bcheraoui, C, Ellingsen, CL, Enayati, A, Endries, AY, Ermakov, SP, Eshetie, S, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esteghamati, A, Estep, K, Fanuel, BBF, Faro, A, Farvid, MS, Farzadfar, F, Feigin, VL, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, JG, Fernandes, JC, Feyissa, TR, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Foreman, KJ, Frank, T, Franklin, RC, Fraser, M, Friedman, J, Frostad, JJ, Fullman, N, Furst, T, Furtado, JM, Futran, ND, Gakidou, E, Gambashidze, K, Gamkrelidze, A, Gankpe, FG, Garcia-Basteiro, AL, Gebregergs, GB, Gebrehiwot, TT, Gebrekidan, KG, Gebremichael, MW, Gelaye, AA, Geleijnse, JM, Gemechu, BL, Gemechu, KS, Genova-Maleras, R, Gesesew, HA, Gething, PW, Gibney, KB, Gill, PS, Gillum, RF, Giref, AZ, Girma, BW, Giussani, G, Goenka, S, Gomez, B, Gona, PN, Gopalani, SV, Goulart, AC, Graetz, N, Gugnani, HC, Gupta, PC, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Haagsma, JA, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Bidgoli, HH, Hakuzimana, A, Halasa, YA, Hamadeh, RR, Hambisa, MT, Hamidi, S, Hammami, M, Hancock, J, Handal, AJ, Hankey, GJ, Hao, Y, Harb, HL, Hareri, HA, Harikrishnan, S, Haro, JM, Hassanvand, MS, Havmoeller, R, Hay, RJ, Hay, SI, He, F, Heredia-Pi, IB, Herteliu, C, Hilawe, EH, Hoek, HW, Horita, N, Hosgood, HD, Hostiuc, S, Hotez, PJ, Hoy, DG, Hsairi, M, Htet, AS, Hu, G, Huang, H, Huang, JJ, Iburg, KM, Igumbor, EU, Ileanu, BV, Inoue, M, Irenso, AA, Irvine, CMS, Islam, N, Jacobsen, KH, Jaenisch, T, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, MB, Javanbakht, M, Jayatilleke, AU, Jeemon, P, Jensen, PN, Jha, V, Jin, Y, John, D, John, O, Johnson, SC, Jonas, JB, Jurisson, M, Kabir, Z, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kalkonde, Y, Kamal, R, Kan, H, Karch, A, Karema, CK, Karimi, SM, Karthikeyan, G, Kasaeian, A, Kassaw, NA, Kassebaum, NJ, Kastor, A, Katikireddi, SV, Kaul, A, Kawakami, N, Kazanjan, K, Keiyoro, PN, Kelbore, SG, Kemp, AH, Kengne, AP, Keren, A, Kereselidze, M, Kesavachandran, CN, Ketema, EB, Khader, YS, Khalil, IA, Khan, EA, Khan, G, Khang, Y-H, Khera, S, Khoja, ATA, Khosravi, MH, Kibret, GD, Kieling, C, Kim, C-I, Kim, D, Kim, P, Kim, S, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kinfu, Y, Kishawi, S, Kissimova-Skarbek, KA, Kissoon, N, Kivimaki, M, Knudsen, AK, Kokubo, Y, Kopec, JA, Kosen, S, Koul, PA, Koyanagi, A, Kravchenko, M, Krohn, KJ, Defo, BK, Bicer, BK, Kuipers, EJ, Kulikoff, XR, Kulkarni, VS, Kumar, GA, Kumar, P, Kumsa, FA, Kutz, M, Lachat, C, Lagat, AK, Lager, ACJ, Lal, DK, Lalloo, R, Lambert, N, Lan, Q, Lansingh, VC, Larson, HJ, Larsson, A, Laryea, DO, Lavados, PM, Laxmaiah, A, Lee, PH, Leigh, J, Leung, J, Leung, R, Levi, M, Li, Y, Liao, Y, Liben, ML, Lim, SS, Linn, S, Lipshultz, SE, Liu, S, Lodha, R, Logroscino, G, Lorch, SA, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, PA, Lozano, R, Lunevicius, R, Lyons, RA, Ma, S, Macarayan, ERK, Machado, IE, Mackay, MT, Abd el Razek, MM, Magis-Rodriguez, C, Mahdavi, M, Majdan, M, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malhotra, R, Malta, DC, Mantovani, LG, Manyazewal, T, Mapoma, CC, Marczak, LB, Marks, GB, Martinez-Raga, J, Martins-Melo, FR, Massano, J, Maulik, PK, Mayosi, BM, Mazidi, M, McAlinden, C, McGarvey, ST, McGrath, JJ, Mckee, M, Mehata, S, Mehndiratta, MM, Mehta, KM, Meier, T, Mekonnen, TC, Meles, KG, Memiah, P, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Mengesha, MM, Mengistie, MA, Tadese, D, Menon, MGR, Menota, BG, Mensah, GA, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Mezgebe, HB, Micha, R, Mikesell, J, Miller, TR, Mills, EJ, Minnig, S, Mirarefin, M, Mirrakhimov, EM, Misganaw, A, Mishra, SR, Mohammad, KA, Mohammadi, A, Mohammed, KESM, Mohan, MBV, Mohanty, SK, Mokdad, AH, Assaye, AM, Mollenkopf, SK, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Hernandez, JCM, Montico, M, Mooney, MD, Moore, AR, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Velasquez, IM, Mori, R, Morrison, SD, Mruts, KB, Mueller, UO, Mullany, E, Muller, K, Venkata, G, Murthy, S, Musa, KI, Nachega, JB, Nagata, C, Nagel, G, Naghavi, M, Naidoo, KS, Nanda, L, Nangia, V, Nascimento, BR, Natarajan, G, Negoi, I, Cuong, TN, Ningrum, DNA, Nisar, MI, Nomura, M, Vuong, MN, Norheim, OF, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJN, Nyakarahuka, L, Obermeyer, CM, O'Donnell, MJ, Ogbo, FA, Oh, I-H, Okoro, A, Oladimeji, O, Olagunju, AT, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Oren, E, Ortiz, A, Osgood-Zimmerman, A, Ota, E, Owolabi, MO, Oyekale, AS, Pa, M, Pacella, RE, Pakhale, S, Pana, A, Panda, BK, Panda-Jonas, S, Park, E-K, Parsaeian, M, Patel, T, Patten, SB, Patton, GC, Paudel, D, Pereira, DM, Perez-Padilla, R, Perez-Ruiz, F, Perico, N, Pervaiz, A, Pesudovs, K, Peterson, CB, Petri, WA, Petzold, M, Phillips, MR, Piel, FB, Pigott, DM, Pishgar, F, Plass, D, Polinder, S, Popova, S, Postma, MJ, Poulton, RG, Pourmalek, F, Prasad, N, Purwar, M, Qorbani, M, Rabiee, RHS, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, SU, Rai, RK, Rajsic, S, Ram, U, Rana, SM, Ranabhat, CL, Rao, PV, Rawaf, S, Ray, SE, Rego, MAS, Rehm, J, Reiner, RC, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, AMNN, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, S, Rezai, MS, Ribeiro, AL, Rokni, MB, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Roth, GA, Rothenbacher, D, Roy, A, Rubagotti, E, Ruhago, GM, Saadat, S, Sabde, YD, Sachdev, PS, Sadat, N, Safdarian, M, Safiri, SSS, Sagar, R, Sahathevan, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, MA, Salama, J, Salamati, P, Salomon, JA, Salvi, SS, Samy, AM, Sanabria, JR, Sanchez-Nino, MD, Santos, IS, Milicevic, MMS, Sarmiento-Suarez, R, Sartorius, B, Satpathy, M, Sawhney, M, Saxena, S, Saylan, MI, Schmidt, MI, Schneider, IJC, Schutte, AE, Schwebel, DC, Schwendicke, F, Seedat, S, Seid, AM, Sepanlou, SG, Servan-Mori, EE, Shackelford, KA, Shaheen, A, Shahraz, S, Shaikh, MA, Shamsipour, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Islam, SMS, Sharma, J, Sharma, R, She, J, Shen, J, Shetty, BP, Shi, P, Shibuya, K, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shiue, I, Shrime, MG, Sigfusdottir, ID, Silberberg, DH, Silpakit, N, Silva, DAS, Silva, JP, Silveira, DGA, Sindi, S, Singh, A, Singh, JA, Singh, PK, Singh, V, Sinha, DN, Skiadaresi, E, Sligar, A, Smith, DL, Sobaih, BHA, Sobngwi, E, Soneji, S, Soriano, JB, Sreeramareddy, CT, Srinivasan, V, Stathopoulou, V, Steel, N, Stein, DJ, Steiner, C, Stockl, H, Stokes, MA, Strong, M, Sufiyan, MB, Suliankatchi, RA, Sunguya, BF, Sur, PJ, Swaminathan, S, Sykes, BL, Szoeke, CEI, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tadakamadla, SK, Tadese, F, Tandon, N, Tanne, D, Tarajia, M, Tavakkoli, M, Taveira, N, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tekelab, T, Tekle, DY, Shifa, GT, Temsah, M-H, Terkawi, AS, Tesema, CL, Tesssema, B, Theis, A, Thomas, N, Thompson, AH, Thomson, AJ, Thrift, AG, Tiruye, TY, Tobe-Gai, R, Tonelli, M, Topor-Madry, R, Topouzis, F, Tortajada, M, Tran, BX, Trujillo, TTU, Tsilimparis, N, Tuem, KB, Tuzcu, EM, Tyrovolas, S, Ukwaja, KN, Undurraga, EA, Uthman, OA, Uzochukwu, BSC, van Boven, JFM, Varakin, YY, Varughese, S, Vasankari, T, Vasconcelos, AMN, Venketasubramanian, N, Vidavalur, R, Violante, FS, Vishnu, A, Vladimirov, SK, Vlassov, VV, Vollset, SE, Vos, T, Waid, JL, Wakayo, T, Wang, Y-P, Weichenthal, S, Weiderpass, E, Weintraub, RG, Werdecker, A, Wesana, J, Wijeratne, T, Wilkinson, JD, Wiysonge, CS, Woldeyes, BG, Wolfe, CDA, Workicho, A, Workie, SB, Xavier, D, Xu, G, Yaghoubi, M, Yakob, B, Yalew, AZ, Yan, LL, Yano, Y, Yaseri, M, Ye, P, Yimam, HH, Yip, P, Yirsaw, BD, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S-J, Yotebieng, M, Younis, MZ, Zaidi, Z, Zaki, MES, Zeeb, H, Zenebe, ZM, Zerfu, TA, Zhang, AL, Zhang, X, Zodpey, S, Zuhlke, LJ, Lopez, AD, and Murray, CJL

Published
2017

5. Global, regional, and national deaths, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years, and years lived with disability for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author

Soriano, JB, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abera, SF, Agrawal, A, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aichour, MTE, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alkaabi, JM, Al-Maskari, F, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amberbir, A, Amoako, YA, Ansha, MG, Anto, JM, Asayesh, H, Atey, TM, Avokpaho, EFGA, Barac, A, Basu, S, Bedi, N, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Beyene, AS, Bhutta, ZA, Biryukov, S, Boneya, DJ, Brauer, M, Carpenter, DO, Casey, D, Christopher, DJ, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dharmaratne, SD, Huyen, PD, Fischer, F, Geleto, A, Ghoshal, AG, Gillum, RF, Ginawi, IAM, Gupta, V, Hay, SI, Hedayati, MT, Horita, N, Hosgood, HD, Jakovljevic, MMB, James, SL, Jonas, JB, Kasaeian, A, Khader, YS, Khalil, IA, Khan, EA, Khang, Y-H, Khubchandani, J, Knibbs, LD, Kosen, S, Koul, PA, Kumar, GA, Leshargie, CT, Liang, X, Abd El Razek, HM, Majeed, A, Malta, DC, Manhertz, T, Marquez, N, Mehari, A, Mensah, GA, Miller, TR, Mohammad, KA, Mohammed, KE, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Naghavi, M, Cuong, TN, Nguyen, G, Quyen, LN, Trang, HN, Ningrum, DNA, Vuong, MN, Obi, JI, Odeyemi, YE, Ogbo, FA, Oren, E, Mahesh, PA, Park, E-K, Patton, GC, Paulson, K, Qorbani, M, Quansah, R, Rafay, A, Rahman, MHU, Rai, RK, Rawaf, S, Reinig, N, Safiri, S, Sarmiento-Suarez, R, Sartorius, B, Savic, M, Sawhney, M, Shigematsu, M, Smith, M, Tadese, F, Thurston, GD, Topor-Madry, R, Tran, BX, Ukwaja, KN, van Boven, JFM, Vlassov, VV, Vollset, SE, Wan, X, Werdecker, A, Hanson, SW, Yano, Y, Yimam, HH, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, Zaki, MES, Murray, CJL, Vos, T, Soriano, JB, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abera, SF, Agrawal, A, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aichour, MTE, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alkaabi, JM, Al-Maskari, F, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amberbir, A, Amoako, YA, Ansha, MG, Anto, JM, Asayesh, H, Atey, TM, Avokpaho, EFGA, Barac, A, Basu, S, Bedi, N, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Beyene, AS, Bhutta, ZA, Biryukov, S, Boneya, DJ, Brauer, M, Carpenter, DO, Casey, D, Christopher, DJ, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dharmaratne, SD, Huyen, PD, Fischer, F, Geleto, A, Ghoshal, AG, Gillum, RF, Ginawi, IAM, Gupta, V, Hay, SI, Hedayati, MT, Horita, N, Hosgood, HD, Jakovljevic, MMB, James, SL, Jonas, JB, Kasaeian, A, Khader, YS, Khalil, IA, Khan, EA, Khang, Y-H, Khubchandani, J, Knibbs, LD, Kosen, S, Koul, PA, Kumar, GA, Leshargie, CT, Liang, X, Abd El Razek, HM, Majeed, A, Malta, DC, Manhertz, T, Marquez, N, Mehari, A, Mensah, GA, Miller, TR, Mohammad, KA, Mohammed, KE, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Naghavi, M, Cuong, TN, Nguyen, G, Quyen, LN, Trang, HN, Ningrum, DNA, Vuong, MN, Obi, JI, Odeyemi, YE, Ogbo, FA, Oren, E, Mahesh, PA, Park, E-K, Patton, GC, Paulson, K, Qorbani, M, Quansah, R, Rafay, A, Rahman, MHU, Rai, RK, Rawaf, S, Reinig, N, Safiri, S, Sarmiento-Suarez, R, Sartorius, B, Savic, M, Sawhney, M, Shigematsu, M, Smith, M, Tadese, F, Thurston, GD, Topor-Madry, R, Tran, BX, Ukwaja, KN, van Boven, JFM, Vlassov, VV, Vollset, SE, Wan, X, Werdecker, A, Hanson, SW, Yano, Y, Yimam, HH, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, Zaki, MES, Murray, CJL, and Vos, T

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are common diseases with a heterogeneous distribution worldwide. Here, we present methods and disease and risk estimates for COPD and asthma from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) 2015 study. The GBD study provides annual updates on estimates of deaths, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), a summary measure of fatal and non-fatal disease outcomes, for over 300 diseases and injuries, for 188 countries from 1990 to the most recent year. METHODS: We estimated numbers of deaths due to COPD and asthma using the GBD Cause of Death Ensemble modelling (CODEm) tool. First, we analysed data from vital registration and verbal autopsy for the aggregate category of all chronic respiratory diseases. Subsequently, models were run for asthma and COPD relying on covariates to predict rates in countries that have incomplete or no vital registration data. Disease estimates for COPD and asthma were based on systematic reviews of published papers, unpublished reports, surveys, and health service encounter data from the USA. We used the Global Initiative of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease spirometry-based definition as the reference for COPD and a reported diagnosis of asthma with current wheeze as the definition of asthma. We used a Bayesian meta-regression tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to derive estimates of prevalence and incidence. We estimated population-attributable fractions for risk factors for COPD and asthma from exposure data, relative risks, and a theoretical minimum exposure level. Results were stratified by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite measure of income per capita, mean years of education over the age of 15 years, and total fertility rate. FINDINGS: In 2015, 3·2 million people (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·1 million to 3·3 million) died from COPD worldwide, an increase of 11·6% (95% UI 5·3 to 19·8) compared with 1990. There was a decrease in age-stan

Published
2017

6. Incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus in the United Arab Emirates; comparison of six diagnostic criteria: The Mutaba'ah Study.

Author

Bashir MM, Ahmed LA, Elbarazi I, Loney T, Al-Rifai RH, Alkaabi JM, and Al-Maskari F

Subjects
Pregnancy, Child, Female, Humans, Young Adult, Adult, Incidence, Pregnancy Outcome, Cohort Studies, United Arab Emirates epidemiology, Diabetes, Gestational diagnosis, Diabetes, Gestational epidemiology
Abstract

Background: For more than half a century, there has been much research and controversies on how to accurately screen for and diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). There is a paucity of updated research among the Emirati population in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The lack of a uniform GDM diagnostic criteria results in the inability to accurately combine or compare the disease burden worldwide and locally. This study aimed to compare the incidence of GDM in the Emirati population using six diagnostic criteria for GDM., Methods: The Mutaba'ah study is the largest multi-center mother and child cohort study in the UAE with an 18-year follow-up. We included singleton pregnancies from the Mutaba'ah cohort screened with the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24-32 weeks from May 2017 to March 2021. We excluded patients with known diabetes and with newly diagnosed diabetes. GDM cumulative incidence was determined using the six specified criteria. GDM risk factors were compared using chi-square and t-tests. Agreements among the six criteria were assessed using kappa statistics., Results: A total of 2,546 women were included with a mean age of 30.5 ± 6.0 years. Mean gravidity was 3.5 ± 2.1, and mean body mass index (BMI) at booking was 27.7 ± 5.6 kg/m 2 . GDM incidence as diagnosed by any of the six criteria collectively was 27.1%. It ranged from 8.4% according to the EASD 1996 criteria to 21.5% according to the NICE 2015 criteria. The two most inclusive criteria were the NICE 2015 and the IADPSG criteria with GDM incidence rates of 21.5% (95% CI: 19.9, 23.1) and 21.3% (95% CI: 19.8, 23.0), respectively. Agreement between the two criteria was moderate (k = 0.66; p < 0.001). The least inclusive was the EASD 1996 criteria [8.4% (95% CI: 7.3, 9.6)]. The locally recommended IADPSG/WHO 2013 criteria had weak to moderate agreement with the other criteria, with Cohen's kappa coefficient ranging from (k = 0.51; p < 0.001) to (k = 0.71; p < 0.001). Most of the GDM risk factors assessed were significantly higher among those with GDM (p < 0.005) identified by all criteria., Conclusions: The findings indicate discrepancies among the diagnostic criteria in identifying GDM cases. This emphasizes the need to unify GDM diagnostic criteria in this population to provide accurate and reliable incidence estimates for healthcare planning, especially because the agreement with the recommended criteria was not optimal., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Bashir, Ahmed, Elbarazi, Loney, Al-Rifai, Alkaabi and Al-Maskari.)

Published
2022
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7. Systematic review of the effects of pandemic confinements on body weight and their determinants.

Author

Khan MA, Menon P, Govender R, Abu Samra AM, Allaham KK, Nauman J, Östlundh L, Mustafa H, Smith JEM, and AlKaabi JM

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Weight, Case-Control Studies, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Young Adult, COVID-19 epidemiology, Pandemics
Abstract

Pandemics and subsequent lifestyle restrictions such as ‘lockdowns’ may have unintended consequences, including alterations in body weight. This systematic review assesses the impact of pandemic confinement on body weight and identifies contributory factors. A comprehensive literature search was performed in seven electronic databases and in grey sources from their inception until 1 July 2020 with an update in PubMed and Scopus on 1 February 2021. In total, 2361 unique records were retrieved, of which forty-one studies were identified eligible: one case–control study, fourteen cohort and twenty-six cross-sectional studies (469, 362 total participants). The participants ranged in age from 6 to 86 years. The proportion of female participants ranged from 37 % to 100 %. Pandemic confinements were associated with weight gain in 7·2–72·4 % of participants and weight loss in 11·1–32·0 % of participants. Weight gain ranged from 0·6 (sd 1·3) to 3·0 (sd 2·4) kg, and weight loss ranged from 2·0 (sd 1·4) to 2·9 (sd 1·5) kg. Weight gain occurred predominantly in participants who were already overweight or obese. Associated factors included increased consumption of unhealthy food with changes in physical activity and altered sleep patterns. Weight loss during the pandemic was observed in individuals with previous low weight, and those who ate less and were more physically active before lockdown. Maintaining a stable weight was more difficult in populations with reduced income, particularly in individuals with lower educational attainment. The findings of this systematic review highlight the short-term effects of pandemic confinements.

Published
2022
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8. Effects of Diabetes Prevention Education Program for Overweight and Obese Subjects with a Family History of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study from the United Arab Emirates.

Author

Alkaabi JM, Al-Maskari F, Afandi B, Yousef S, Shah SM, Heideman WH, Papadimitropoulos EA, Zoubeidi T, Souid AK, Paulo MS, and Snoek FJ

Abstract

Objectives: The association of obesity and family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) provides an opportunity for risk stratification and prevention, as these two conditions are the most well-known risk factors for T2DM. We aimed to test the feasibility and effects of a diabetes mellitus prevention education program designed for overweight and obese Emirati people with at least one parent with T2DM., Methods: We conducted a pilot study using a pre-post design without a control arm at the Diabetes Center at Tawam Hospital in Al Ain, UAE. Overweight and obese subjects with at least one parent with T2DM were invited to participate. Three study assessments were conducted at baseline, three months, and six months including a questionnaire, anthropometry, and laboratory assessments. Interventions included three individualized or family-engaged counseling sessions based on the DiAlert protocol. The study outcomes included awareness of risks and prevention opportunities to T2DM, behavior changes in nutrition and exercise, decreased waist-circumference, and clinical/metabolic/inflammatory markers. Pre-post changes were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance., Results: One hundred twenty-two overweight or obese individuals were approached. Forty-four individuals met the eligibility criteria, and 32 individuals (35.0±9.0 years; 75.0% female) completed the study. At six months, there were significant improvements in the glycated hemoglobin levels ( p = 0.007), high-density lipoprotein ( p < 0.049), serum creatinine ( p < 0.025), estimated glomerular filtration rate ( p = 0.009), and adiponectin levels ( p < 0.024). Sixteen of 32 participants had ≥ 2 cm reduction in waist circumference. They demonstrated notable physical and laboratory improvements in moderate-vigorous activity, average activity counts per day, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein., Conclusions: Offering family-oriented diabetes education to people at risk for T2DM is well received and has favorable effects on relevant risk factors. Better testing with large-scale randomized controlled studies is needed, and implementing similar educational programs for the Emirati population seems warranted., (The OMJ is Published Bimonthly and Copyrighted 2021 by the OMSB.)

Published
2021
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9. Clinical Presentation, Treatment, and Outcome of Acromegaly in the United Arab Emirates.

Author

Al Dahmani K, Afandi B, Elhouni A, Dinwal D, Philip J, Bashier A, Beshyah SA, Nagelkerke N, and Alkaabi JM

Abstract

Objectives: We sought to ascertain the clinical characteristics and control rate of acromegaly in the UAE., Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective analysis of all patients presenting with acromegaly to six endocrine centers in the UAE between November 2010 and December 2018. Demographic, clinical, biochemical, and radiologic data were collected. Patients were considered controlled if normal insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) level and growth hormone < 1 mcg/L were achieved at their last visit., Results: A total of 75 patients were included in the study (60.0% males, 33.3% native UAE nationals). The mean age at diagnosis was 37.2 (range: 12-69) years. Common clinical features at diagnosis were headache (82.4%), coarse facial features (82.4%), acral enlargement (79.7%), and sweating (31.3%). Diabetes mellitus/prediabetes and hypertension were present in 45.2% and 35.5% of patients, respectively. About 82.2% had pituitary macroadenoma on pituitary magnetic resonance imaging. At presentation, 27.0% and 3.2% of the patients had secondary hypogonadism and diabetes insipidus, respectively. Overall, 76.7% of the patients underwent surgery, 20.8% received radiotherapy, and 50.7% received medical therapy. At their last clinic visit, only 43.7% of all patients achieved disease control., Conclusions: Our study shows a high prevalence of pituitary macroadenoma in our acromegalic population, suggesting a delayed diagnosis. Also, a significant proportion of patients remained uncontrolled. Efforts to increase physician's awareness of acromegaly and to improve disease control are underway., (The OMJ is Published Bimonthly and Copyrighted 2020 by the OMSB.)

Published
2020
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10. Reduction in the amplitude of shortening and Ca(2+) transient by phlorizin and quercetin-3-O-glucoside in ventricular myocytes from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Author

Hamouda NN, Qureshi MA, Alkaabi JM, Oz M, and Howarth FC

Subjects
Animals, Cells, Cultured, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental physiopathology, Glucosides, Heart Ventricles drug effects, Heart Ventricles metabolism, Myocytes, Cardiac drug effects, Myocytes, Cardiac physiology, Quercetin analogs & derivatives, Rats, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum drug effects, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum physiology, Streptozocin, Calcium metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental metabolism, Flavonoids pharmacology, Myocytes, Cardiac metabolism, Phlorhizin pharmacology, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum metabolism
Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Phlorizin (PHLOR) and quercetin-3-O-glucoside (QUER-3-G) are two natural compounds reported to have antidiabetic properties by inhibiting sodium/glucose transporters. Their effects on ventricular myocyte shortening and intracellular Ca(2+) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were investigated. Video edge detection and fluorescence photometry were used to measure ventricular myocyte shortening and intracellular Ca(2+), respectively. Blood glucose in STZ rats was 4-fold higher (469.64+/-22.23 mg/dl, n=14) than in Controls (104.06+/-3.36 mg/dl, n=16). The amplitude of shortening was reduced by PHLOR in STZ (84.76+/-2.91 %, n=20) and Control (83.72+/-2.65 %, n=23) myocytes, and by QUER-3-G in STZ (79.12+/-2.28 %, n=20) and Control (76.69+/-1.92 %, n=30) myocytes. The amplitude of intracellular Ca(2+) was also reduced by PHLOR in STZ (82.37+/-3.16 %, n=16) and Control (73.94+/-5.22 %, n=21) myocytes, and by QUER-3-G in STZ (73.62+/-5.83 %, n=18) and Control (78.32+/-3.54 %, n=41) myocytes. Myofilament sensitivity to Ca(2+) was not significantly altered by PHLOR; however, it was reduced by QUER-3-G modestly in STZ myocytes and significantly in Controls. PHLOR and QUER-3-G did not significantly alter sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) in STZ or Control myocytes. Altered mechanisms of Ca(2+) transport partly underlie PHLOR and QUER-3-G negative inotropic effects in ventricular myocytes from STZ and Control rats.

Published
2016
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11. Dapagliflozin reduces the amplitude of shortening and Ca(2+) transient in ventricular myocytes from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Author

Hamouda NN, Sydorenko V, Qureshi MA, Alkaabi JM, Oz M, and Howarth FC

Subjects
Animals, Blood Glucose, Calcium metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental pathology, Heart Ventricles drug effects, Heart Ventricles metabolism, Heart Ventricles pathology, Humans, Myocytes, Cardiac drug effects, Myocytes, Cardiac pathology, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Rats, Streptozocin toxicity, Benzhydryl Compounds administration & dosage, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental drug therapy, Glucose metabolism, Glucosides administration & dosage, Myocytes, Cardiac metabolism
Abstract

In the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, Dapagliflozin (DAPA) is a newly introduced selective sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor which promotes renal glucose excretion. Little is known about the effects of DAPA on the electromechanical function of the heart. This study investigated the effects of DAPA on ventricular myocyte shortening and intracellular Ca(2+) transport in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Shortening, Ca(2+) transients, myofilament sensitivity to Ca(2+) and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+), and intracellular Ca(2+) current were measured in isolated rats ventricular myocytes by video edge detection, fluorescence photometry, and whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. Diabetes was characterized in STZ-treated rats by a fourfold increase in blood glucose (440 ± 25 mg/dl, n = 21) compared to Controls (98 ± 2 mg/dl, n = 19). DAPA reduced the amplitude of shortening in Control (76.68 ± 2.28 %, n = 37) and STZ (76.58 ± 1.89 %, n = 42) ventricular myocytes, and reduced the amplitude of the Ca(2+) transients in Control and STZ ventricular myocytes with greater effects in STZ (71.45 ± 5.35 %, n = 16) myocytes compared to Controls (92.01 ± 2.72 %, n = 17). Myofilament sensitivity to Ca(2+) and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) were not significantly altered by DAPA in either STZ or Control myocytes. L-type Ca(2+) current was reduced in STZ myocytes compared to Controls and was further reduced by DAPA. In conclusion, alterations in the mechanism(s) of Ca(2+) transport may partly underlie the negative inotropic effects of DAPA in ventricular myocytes from STZ-treated and Control rats.

Published
2015
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12. Glycemic indices of five varieties of dates in healthy and diabetic subjects.

Author

Alkaabi JM, Al-Dabbagh B, Ahmad S, Saadi HF, Gariballa S, and Ghazali MA

Subjects
Adult, Blood Glucose analysis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Postprandial Period, United Arab Emirates, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 blood, Diet, Diabetic, Dietary Carbohydrates metabolism, Fruit, Glycemic Index
Abstract

Background: This study was designed to determine the glycemic indices of five commonly used varieties of dates in healthy subjects and their effects on postprandial glucose excursions in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus., Methods: Composition analysis was carried out for five types of dates (Tamer stage). The weights of the flesh of the dates equivalent to 50 g of available carbohydrates were calculated. The study subjects were thirteen healthy volunteers with a mean (± SD) age of 40.2 ± 6.7 years and ten participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (controlled on lifestyle measures and/or metformin) with a mean HbA1c (± SD) of 6.6 ± (0.7%) and a mean age (± SD) of 40.8 ± 5.7 years. Each subject was tested on eight separate days with 50 g of glucose (on 3 occasions) and 50 g equivalent of available carbohydrates from the 5 varieties of date (each on one occasion). Capillary glucose was measured in the healthy subjects at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min and for the diabetics at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min. The glycemic indices were determined as ratios of the incremental areas under the response curves for the dates compared to glucose. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test and repeated measures analysis of variance., Results: Mean glycemic indices ± SEM of the dates for the healthy individuals were 54.0 ± 6.1, 53.5 ± 8.6, 46.3 ± 7.1, 49.1 ± 3.6 and 55.1 ± 7.7 for Fara'd, Lulu, Bo ma'an, Dabbas and Khalas, respectively. Corresponding values for those with type 2 diabetes were very similar (46.1 ± 6.2, 43.8 ± 7.7, 51.8 ± 6.9, 50.2 ± 3.9 and 53.0 ± 6.0). There were no statistically significant differences in the GIs between the control and the diabetic groups for the five types of dates, nor were there statistically significant differences among the dates' GIs (df = 4, F = 0.365, p = 0.83)., Conclusion: The results show low glycemic indices for the five types of dates included in the study and that their consumption by diabetic individuals does not result in significant postprandial glucose excursions. These findings point to the potential benefits of dates for diabetic subjects when used in a healthy balanced diet., Trial Registration Number: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01307904.

Published
2011
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13. Terrestrial snakebites in the South East of the Arabian Peninsula: patient characteristics, clinical presentations, and management.

Author

Alkaabi JM, Al Neyadi M, Al Darei F, Al Mazrooei M, Al Yazedi J, and Abdulle AM

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oman, Retrospective Studies, Snake Bites drug therapy, United Arab Emirates, Young Adult, Snake Bites epidemiology, Snake Bites pathology
Abstract

Background: To describe the characteristics, clinical presentations, management and complications of snakebites in the border region between Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Buraimi, Sultanate of Oman., Methodology/principal Findings: We carried out a retrospective review of medical records to study snakebite cases over four-year duration at three tertiary hospitals. Overall, 64 snakebite cases were studied with median hospitalization of 2 (interquartile range [IQR] 1-4) days. The majority of cases were male (87.5%), and most (61%) of the incidents occurred during summer months. The bite sites were predominantly (95%) to the feet and hands. Main clinical features included pain, local swelling, and coagulopathy, blistering and skin peeling. Overall, there were no deaths, but few major complications occurred; extensive skin peeling (n = 5, 8%), multi-organ failure (n = 1, 1.5%), and compartment syndrome (n = 1, 1.5%). Polyvalent anti snake venom (ASV), analgesia, tetanus toxoid, intravenous fluids, and antibiotics such as ampicillin, cloxacillin, and cephalosporins were commonly instituted as part of treatment protocols in the three hospitals., Conclusion: The overwhelming majority of bites occurred during summer months, and envenomations were more common in, relatively, young male farmers, but with no serious clinical complications. Prevention and treatment strategies should include increasing public awareness, developing management guidelines, and manufacturing specific ASV for a wide spectrum of the local venomous snakes.

Published
2011
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14. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis: a case series, review of the literature and update of management.

Author

Alkaabi JM, Mushtaq A, Al-Maskari FN, Moussa NA, and Gariballa S

Subjects
Adult, Emigrants and Immigrants, Fluid Therapy, Humans, Hypokalemia diagnosis, Hypokalemia therapy, Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis etiology, Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis therapy, Male, Middle Aged, Potassium blood, Potassium therapeutic use, Seasons, Thyrotoxicosis complications, United Arab Emirates, Young Adult, Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis diagnosis
Abstract

The objective of this study was to present a case series of patients with hypokalemic periodic paralysis. We described all patients with diagnosis of hypokalemic periodic paralysis admitted to the Al Ain Hospital (UAE) during the year 2006. Seventeen patients, all males and mostly Asians, were presented to the Al Ain Hospital over a 12-month period. The majority were admitted during the summer months. Four were thyrotoxic. All of the 17 patients received oral potassium supplements and recovered well without any major complications. In conclusion, clinicians should have a high index of suspicion, especially among Asians presenting with flaccid paralysis and hypokalemia. The main steps in the management include exclusion of other causes of hypokalemia, potassium replacement, hydration and close monitoring of the cardiac rhythm and serum potassium levels. When possible, the underlying cause must be adequately addressed to prevent the persistence or recurrence of paralysis.

Published
2010
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15. Pericarditis with cardiac tamponade and addisonian crisis as the presenting features of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type II: a case series.

Author

Alkaabi JM, Chik CL, and Lewanczuk RZ

Subjects
Addison Disease etiology, Adult, Cardiac Tamponade etiology, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pericarditis etiology, Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune complications, Addison Disease diagnosis, Cardiac Tamponade diagnosis, Pericarditis diagnosis, Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune pathology
Abstract

Objective: To present 3 cases of cardiac tamponade and addisonian crisis as the presenting features of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) type II., Methods: We present the clinical features, physical examination findings, radiographic findings, and laboratory investigations in 3 patients and provide an overview of the published cases of pericarditis and APS type II found in a MEDLINE search., Results: Patient 1, a 34-year-old woman, and Patient 3, a 35-year-old woman, had known autoimmune thyroid disease. Patient 2 was a 58-year-old man with no known history of autoimmune disease. All presented with a history of long-standing lethargy, nausea, weight loss, dyspnea, chest pain, and striking hyperpigmentation. Physical examination, laboratory, and radiographic findings were consistent with cardiac tamponade and addisonian crisis. In all 3 patients, serum cortisol was either very low or undetectable with a subnormal response to cosyntropin (250 mcg) stimulation. Cells in the pericardial fluid were predominantly neutrophils, and findings from cytology, microbiology, and serology investigations were normal. Symptoms and pericardial fluid resolved during treatment with high-dose glucocorticoids and various anti-inflammatory agents. Over the follow-up period of at least 2 years, all 3 patients experienced recurrent pericarditis and/or pleuritis despite replacement doses of glucocorticoids, which resolved with high-dose anti-inflammatory therapy., Conclusions: Pericarditis is a rare, but life-threatening manifestation of APS type II that is currently not considered to be a key manifestation of the syndrome. Our experience suggests that APS should be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with unexplained pericarditis. In patients with established APS, one should be vigilant for the development of recurrent pericarditis.

Published
2008
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