Search

Paper description: Interactions between field boundaries with a permanent vegetation cover and neighboring tilled areas are a key factor for maintaining farmland biodiversity. Field margins, crop edges and the middle of the field from randomly selected sites were analyzed at the community level to explore the influence of agronomic and environmental variables on their floristic composition. A variety of interaction regarding environmental and management variables coexist between fields and their margins. Three distribution patterns were observed as weeds limited to the crop area, to the non-crop area, and as weeds with some ability to spread from the field margins to adjacent fields. Abstract : A vegetation survey in northeastern Croatia explored the influence of intensive arable farming on the weed community in relation to the crop edge and adjacent field margin. A total of 141 vascular plants were recorded, and significant differences among the species appear in the field margins (134) as compared to the crop edges (109) and middle of the fields (49). Native plants predominated (83.7%), but among non-natives, the most abundant were Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Abutilon theoprasti Med. and Veronica persica Poir., with the highest cover values inside the cropped areas, particularly during spring sowing of row crops. The most diverse (having significantly higher Evenness and Shannon’s diversity index) was the community from the field margin, followed by the weed community that developed on the crop edges. Three distribution patterns were observed: weeds typically limited to the crop area, weeds limited to the non-crop area and weeds with some ability to spread from the field margins. Major variations in species composition were identified according to sowing season and crop type. Wind dispersal annuals with light- and nitrogen-demands were associated with disturbed, tilled habitats, while perennials with higher requirements for moisture and other than a wind mode of dispersal, were associated with the field margins. https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS200605034S Received: June 5, 2020; Revised: July 31, 2020; Accepted: July 31, 2020; Published online: August 25, 2020 How to cite this article: Stefanic E, Antunovic S, Kovacevic V, Turalija A, Zima D.Impact of weeds from field margins on adjacent agriculture land. Arch Biol Sci. 2020;72(3):403-11.

This paper analyses the floristic biodiversity of weed communities in the arable lands of the Istrian peninsula during a twelve year period (2005–2017). A total of 50 fields were surveyed for each sampling time using the seven-degree Braun-Blanquet cover abundance scale in the following agricultural categories: a) permanent crops (vineyards/olive groves), b) alfalfa fields, c) cereals, d) row crops and e) ruderal areas. The taxonomic identification was performed during the full development of vegetation, for cereals in June and July, and for the rest – in August and September. A total of 175 weed species were determined during both study periods with Asteraceae and Poaceae families as the most abundant. Altogether, therophytes were dominant in both surveys, followed by hemycryptophytes and geophytes. Variations in species composition were visible in both study periods (2005 and 2017) as well as in the selected habitat types. Exclusive species were found in addition to those that were common for both surveys. Changes in species composition between 2005 and 2017 referred to the difference in row spacing in earlier period, and ruderal vs. agricultural habitats in the recent survey. The differences in phenological traits between the past and present surveys were greatest for germination season in permanent crops and row crops, flowering start for permanent crops, flowering period for ruderal area and weed height for permanent crops. Significant differences between the past and present survey for other plant traits did not occur.

On the experimental plots of the Institute of Agriculture and Tourism in Poreč, weed communities were analyzed in a conventionally‐grown olive orchard and in consociation with pyrethrum. Phytocenological surveys were conducted in March, June, and September using the Braun-Blanquet Cover Abundance Scale. Altogether, 54 species of vascular plants were recognized in both orchards. However, in a conventionally‐grown olive orchard, 27 were identified, whereas 42 weed species were identified in consociation with pyrethrum. Only 15 weeds were common to both orchards. Between both olive orchards, significant differences existed regarding the floristic and community diversity metrics. In consociation with pyrethrum as a cover crop, olive orchard had a more stable weed community during the season, while two weed species, Mercurialis annuua L. and Medicago arabica (L.) Huds., dominated in a conventionally‐grown orchard in the fall. The weed communities in both orchards significantly differ considering the appearance season (spring, summer, and fall). An autumnal weed community in a conventionally‐grown olive orchard was more diverse, more abundant, and with a more distinct floristic composition than a weed community in the spring and summer periods. However, an olive‐orchard weed community in consociation with pyrethrum also differed regarding the season, but a Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) demonstrated a clear separation of a more diverse estival weed community than the one observed in the spring and summer.

Cilj rada je utvrditi mogućnost razvoja ekoagroturizma na otoku Korčuli. Zbog sve veće diversifikacije unutar poljoprivredne djelatnosti i turizma, kombinacija ekološke poljoprivrede i ekoturizma daje jedan novi proizvod – „ekoagroturizam“ koji je sve više prepoznat u svjetskom turizmu. Ekoagroturizam na najvišem stupnju objedinjuje održivost obiju djelatnosti. Osim navedenog potpomaže i zaštitu raznolikosti ekosustava, očuvanje prirodnog krajobraza, potiče bioraznolikost, zaštitu ruralne arhitekture, čuva kulturne sadržaje, potiče promociju i prodaju ekoloških proizvoda kao i sinergiju gospodarstva s okolišem, te rastom i razvojem lokalnog turizma. Ekoagroturizam je i prilika za zapošljavanje domicilnog stanovništva posebno mladih. Ovo je posebice naglašeno u područjima s otežanim uvjetima gospodarenja kao što su otoci. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da vlasnici agroturističkih gospodarstava posjeduju ekološku osviještenost o važnosti očuvanja prirode, autentičnosti i izvornosti proizvoda kroz ekološku poljoprivrednu proizvodnju, što spojeno s tradicijom i kulturom otočja stvara snažnu interakciju objedinjenu u ekoagroturizmu. Također, otok Korčula ima temeljne pretpostavke za razvoj agroturizma, posebice ekoagroturizma kao što su: povoljni klimatski i geografski uvjeti, privlačni krajobrazi, specifična flora i fauna, tradicija poljoprivredne proizvodnje, dostupnost „zdravije“ i kvalitetnije hrane, ali i bogatstvo kulturnih dobara, tradicijski način života, razne manifestacije, dijalekti, folklor te gastronomija., The aim is to determine possibility of developing eco-agrotourism on the Korčula Island. Due to growing diversification within agriculture and tourism, the combination of organic agriculture and ecotourism gives a new product - eco-agrotourism, which is increasingly recognized in the world tourism. Eco-agrotourism at the highest level combines the sustainability of both activities. In addition to the mentioned it supports and protects the diversity of ecosystems, the preservation of natural landscapes; promotes biodiversity, preserves rural architecture and cultural content, encourages the promotion and sale of ecological products as well as the synergy of the economy with the environment and the growth and development of local tourism. Eco-agrotourism is an opportunity for employment of the domicile population especially young people. This is particularly pronounced in less favored areas, such as islands. The results showed that the agrotourism farm owners have the ecological awareness about the importance of nature, authenticity and origin of products through organic agriculture, which is connected with the tradition and culture of the islands, and creates a strong interaction unified in eco-agrotourism. Also, the island of Korčula has basic preconditions for the development of agrotourism, in particular eco-tourism, such as: favorable climatic and geographical conditions, attractive landscapes, specific flora and fauna, tradition of agricultural production, availability of "healthier" and quality food, but also wealth of cultural goods, way of life, various events, dialects, folklore and gastronomy.

Milk, an essential source of offspring nourishment, varies in it’s composition and properties significantly across species. In human nutrition, fresh milk and dairy products are valuable sources of protein, fat and energy, and are an important part of daily meals. Most of the world’s milk production (85 %) comes from cows followed by buffaloes, goats, ewes, mares and donkeys. However milk related food allergies in infants may be a reason for health problems and may cause a decrease in milk. The objective of this paper was to give an overview of the overall composition of milk and fat from different species in comparison to women milk. Regarding the overall milk composition remarkable differences in energy content, fat, lactose, protein and ash of the various milks were found, but also some similarities among milk from ruminants and non-ruminants were detected. The structures of fat globule membranes were similar among non-ruminants and women milk, while the milk fat globule structure in ruminants differed significantly. The size of fat globules was significantly different between species and highly correlated to the milk fat content, regardless of the specie. The amount of triacylglycerols was notably higher, while the amount of free fatty acids and phospholipids was notably lower in milk from ruminants and women compared to milk from mares and donkeys. The triacylglycerol structure in women and non-ruminantsˈ was similar. The percentage of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids was lower, while the unsaturated fatty acid content was higher in milk from non-ruminants, with a remarkably higher percentage of C-18:2 and C-18:3. The cholesterol content was similar in women and ruminantsˈ milk, but lower in that of non-ruminants. This review indicates that milk from non-ruminants could be more suitable for human nourishment than milk from ruminants.

Received: 2018-05-07 | Accepted: 2018-05-14 | Available online: 2018-11-26 https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.04.155-158 Busha cattle are indigenous breed in many Balkan countries. Because of the economic, cultural and scientific reasons it is very important to protect biological diversity of autochthonous breeds like Busha. In the past several decades, as a result of uncontrolled crossing of this cattle with some more productive breeds, the number of purebred Busha animals is permanently being reduced which imposes an urgent need for setting up in situ and ex situ conservation program for this breed. Since Busha is bred in many Balkan countries, the aim of this study was to define main productive, reproductive and exterior traits of Busha cattle in the following countries: Bosnia and Hercegovina, Croatia, Macedonia and Serbia. Also, number of animals and possibility of future production system was analysed. Analysed data indicate that highest milk production potential and lowest age at first mating has Serbian Busha (till 2000 kg in lactation, at 18 months). Regarding the exterior traits, smallest frame was observed in Bosnian and Macedonian Busha. The population decrease in the past several decades was determined in all analysed countries. The conservation programs in Croatia and Serbia resulted in certain increase of Busha population, but aiming successful preservation of the breed, economically effective production systems should be put in practice. The branding of Busha’s products could result in necessary added value. Taking into account similarity between all Busha breeds as well as population sizes, branding should be organized on regional level. Keywords : Busha breed, Balkan region, characteristics, preservation References Adilovic, S., Andrijanic, M. (2005) Indigenous Breeds of Domestic Animals of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sarajevo. Agency of Food and Veterinary (AFV) of RM (2014) Cattle breed structure in Macedonia. [Online] Skopje: Agency of Food and Veterinary. Available at: http://www.fva.gov.mk/index.php?lang=mk [Accessed 1 March 2018]. Brka, M., Zecevic, E., Dokso, A., Rahmanovic, A. (2007) Identifikacija i evidencija brojnog stanja autohtonih pasmina goveda i konja Bosne i Hercegovine. Sarajevo: Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Water Management and Forestry, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Brka, M., Omanovic, H., Zecevic, E., Dokso, A. (2011) Model the preservation of indigenous breeds. In: Sustainable conservation of livestock breeds diversity for the future: impact of globalisation of animal breeding and the loss of farm animal genetic diversity – a conflict? 8 th Global Conference on the Conservation of Animal Genetic Resources. Tekirdag: Namik Kemal University, 455-458. Bunevski G., Saltamarski Z. (2017) Genetic erosion of genetic resources of cattle in the R. of Macedonia. In: 3 rd International Symposium for Agriculture and Food – ISAF 2017. 18 th to 20 th of October 2017, Ohrid, Macedonia. Croatian Agricultural Agency (2017) Annual report for 2016 – Cattle Breeding. [Online] Križevci: Croatian Agricultural Agency. Available at: http://www.hpa.hr/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Govedarstvo.pdf [Accessed 1 May 2018]. Institute for Animal Husbandry (2018) Main breeding program for autochthonous breeds of Serbia. Annual reports 2018. Belgrade: Institute for Animal Husbandry. Skrtic, Z., Levart, A., Jovanovac, S., Gantner, V., Kompan, D. (2008) Fatty Acid Profile in Milk of Busha, Cika and Simmental Breed. Acta agriculturae Slovenica, Suplement 2, 213-217.

Received: 2018-05-08 | Accepted: 2018-05-14 | Available online: 2018-11-26 https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.04.159-161 The Lipizzan breed presents an indispensable part of numerous cultural and folklore events, equestrian games, folklore festivals and horse shows in Croatia. Also this is the third most populous breed of horses in Croatia and have status of Croatian protected breed. The aim of this paper was to show the history of breeding of Lipizzan horses and their introduction to Croatia. The origin of Lipizzan breed is connected with the year 1580 when Charles II, Archduke of Austria bought the village of Lipica near Sežana in Slovenia and founded a horse breed there. The Lipizzan were initially used for the protocol needs of the Vienna Court, and later as a working aid. Due to its exceptional beauty and wide usage, this breed began to spread through the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. Today, the Lipizzan breed, consists of 7 lines of stallions and 18 mare family lines. Throughout history, the breeding goal of the Lipizzan was harmonized depending on the country where it was grown, depending on the time and needs of the source of labour in agriculture and transport, but also depending on the culture of living in a particular region. More than 300 years of Lipizzan breeding in Croatia resulted in noble Baroque horse acclimated for Croatian conditions and deeply correlated with Croatian people and tradition. Keywords: breeding, Croatia, horses, Lipizzan breeds References Baban, M., Curik, I., Maic, B., Rastija, T., Cacic, M., Mijic, P. (2006) Morphological characteristics of the Đakovo Lippizaner. Krmiva, 48 (3). Bencevic, Z., Brlic, I. (1965) Bijelo biserje Jugoslavije. Zagreb: Izdavacko knjižarsko poduzece Mladost. Cacic, M. (2011) Geneticka analiza lipicanaca u Hrvatskoj. Zagreb: Sveuciliste u Zagrebu, Agronomski fakultet. Gregic, M., Baban, M., Sencic, Đ., Mijic, P., Bobic, T. (2013) Resursi i mogucnosti hrvatskog ekoloskog konjogojstva pod okriljem Europske unije. In: Jug, I., Đurđevic, B. (ed.) Proceedings & abstract of the 6th International Scientific/Professional Conference Agriculture in Nature and Environment Protection. Osijek: Glas Slavonije, 220-224. Gregic, M., Jankovic K., Sekulic, M., Gavran, M., Baban, M., Mijic, P., Bobic, T., Potocnik, K., Dokic, D., Gantner, V. (2018) Revitalizacija uzgoja konja finalizacijom proizvoda i usluga u istocnoj Hrvatskoj. Agriculture in Nature and Environment Protection, Jug, D., Brozovic, B., (ur.). Osijek: Glas Slavonije d.d., Osijek, 154-159. Horvath, S. (1996) Hrvatske bastinjene pasmine. Zagreb: Pokret prijatelja prirode „Lijepa nasa“. Hrvatska poljoprivredna agencija (HPA, 2018) Konjogojstvo 2017. Ilancic, D. (1975) Nekadasnje ergele Slavonije i Srijema. Zagreb: Orbis. Loncar, D., Gregic, M., Korabi, N., Ravas, M., Mijic, P., Bobic, T. (2016) Tradicija uzgoja lipicanaca u Slavoniji. In: Rasic, S.; Mijic, P., Proceedings & Abstracts, 9th international scientific/professional conference Agriculture in nature and environment protection. Osijek: Glas Slavonije, 262-266. Steinhausz, M. (1924) Lipicanac, Postanak i gojidbena izgradnja pasmine; danasnje stanje gojidbe. Zagreb: Hrvatsko-slavonsko gospodarsko drustvo. Župan, S. (2004) Lipicanci: ponos Slavonije. Meridijani: casopis za zemljopis, povijest, ekologiju i putovanja, 11 (87), 46-55.

Milk, an essential source of offspring nourishment, varies in it’s composition and properties significantly across species. In human nutrition, fresh milk and dairy products are valuable sources of protein, fat and energy, and are an important part of daily meals. Most of the world’s milk production (85 %) comes from cows followed by buffaloes, goats, ewes, mares and donkeys. However milk related food allergies in infants may be a reason for health problems and may cause a decrease in milk. The objective of this paper was to give an overview of the overall composition of milk and fat from different species in comparison to women milk. Regarding the overall milk composition remarkable differences in energy content, fat, lactose, protein and ash of the various milks were found, but also some similarities among milk from ruminants and non-ruminants were detected. The structures of fat globule membranes were similar among non-ruminants and women milk, while the milk fat globule structure in ruminants differed significantly. The size of fat globules was significantly different between species and highly correlated to the milk fat content, regardless of the specie. The amount of triacylglycerols was notably higher, while the amount of free fatty acids and phospholipids was notably lower in milk from ruminants and women compared to milk from mares and donkeys. The triacylglycerol structure in women and non-ruminantsˈ was similar. The percentage of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids was lower, while the unsaturated fatty acid content was higher in milk from non-ruminants, with a remarkably higher percentage of C-18:2 and C-18:3. The cholesterol content was similar in women and ruminantsˈ milk, but lower in that of non-ruminants. This review indicates that milk from non-ruminants could be more suitable for human nourishment than milk from ruminants., Mlijeko kao esencijalni izvor hrane za mladunčad značajno se razlikuje ovisno o vrsti. U ljudskoj prehrani svježe mlijeko i prerađevine predstavljaju važan izvor bjelančevina, masti i energije. Kravlje mlijeko dominira u svjetskoj proizvodnji sa 85 % ukupne proizvodnje mlijeka, a slijede ga mlijeko bivola, koza, ovaca, kobila te magarica. Vezano uz konzumaciju mlijeka problemi se mogu javiti u dojenčadi i to kao alergija na proteine mlijeka. Cilj ovoga rada bio je dati pregled ukupnog sastava mlijeka te sastava i karakteristika masti u mlijeku različitih životinjskih vrsta u odnosu na majčino mlijeko. S obzirom na ukupni sastav mlijeka utvrđene su značajne razlike između uspoređivanih mlijeka u pogledu energetske vrijednosti, sadržaja masti, laktoze, bjelančevina te pepela, dok su sličnosti utvrđene unutar preživača i nepreživača. Utvrđeno je da je struktura membrana i veličina globula masti slična u mlijeku nepreživača i majčinom, dok se ista u mlijeku preživača značajno razlikuje. Značajno više vrijednosti triglicerida te značajno niže vrijednosti slobodnih masnih kiselina i fosfolipida utvrđene su u majčinom mlijeku i mlijeku preživača u usporedbi s mlijekom magarice i kobile. Glede strukture triglicerida, sličnosti su utvrđene između majčinog mlijeka i mlijeka nepreživača. Mlijeko nepreživača karakterizira niži sadržaj zasićenih i mononezasićenih te viši sadržaj nezasićenih masnih kiselina, osobito C-18:2 i C-18:3 u odnosu na mlijeko preživača. Glede udjela kolesterola, u mlijeku preživača utvrđene su slične vrijednosti kao i u majčinom mlijeku, dok je u mlijeku nepreživača razina kolesterola značajno niža. Uzimajući u obzir sve navedene karakteristike ukupnog sastava mlijeka te sastava masti u mlijeku, kao i strukturu i probavljivost globula masti, može se pretpostaviti da je mlijeko nepreživača pogodnije za ljudsku prehranu u odnosu na mlijeko preživača.

Vlastelinstvo grofovije Prandau iz Valpova dobilo je posjede u Donjem Miholjcu još davne 1721. g. Obitelj Prandau posjeduje plemstvo s pravom grba, posjedovnicama i obligacijama već od 1579. g. Osnivanjem vrtlarije uz dvorac u Valpovu 1723. g. počinje njihova vrtlarska djelatnost. Prvi prihodi vlastelinskog vrta zabilježeni su već 1733. g. Barun Gustav Prandau najzaslužniji je za osnivanje vrtlarije u Donjem Miholjcu koja svoj rad počinje 1872. g. izgradnjom staklenika dugačkog 57.2 metara. U to je vrijeme u okolici dvorca već postojao perivoj na okućnici od oko 19 jutara. Uz staklenik su izgrađena topla i hladna klijališta, četiri kućice za vrtlare te prostorija za lonce. Staklenik se sastojao od tri dijela, jednog za tropsko raslinje, a dva za bilje kontinentalnog klimata. Iz procjene vrijednosti vlastelinstva Prandau iz 1877. g. možemo doznati da je na sjevernom dijelu ispred staklenika bio posađen matičnjak bjelogoričnog i crnogoričnog drveća i grmlja. Vrtlarija je u svojoj ponudi tada već imala 103 najljepših sorata kamelija, 60 najboljih sorata rododendrona, 118 azalea, 260 najljepših sorata ruža, 138 različitih četinjača, kao i 324 različitih vrsta listopadnog drveća i grmlja. Vrtlarija je imala sustav navodnjavanja i sustav grijanih travnjaka. Bila je nosilac i organizator mnogih izložbi cvijeća diljem Monarhije i surađivala je s mnogim poznatim domaćim i stranim vrtlarijama

Drveće u gradu uglavnom raste pod vrlo nepovoljnim uvjetima. Raste na mjestima koja inače prirodno ne bi nastanjivalo. Uz to, mnogi dijelovi gradskih komunalnih infrastruktura prolaze kroz za njih odabrano stanište. Ovaj je rad pregled mogućnosti i odabranih metoda implantacije drvoreda u urbani prostor., In towns trees mostly grow in very unfavourable conditions. They grow in places which they would not choose for their habitat in nature. Besides, a great deal of town infrastructure goes through the places chosen for their growth. This paper is a survey of possibillties and methods for planting trees in urban space.