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Iron oxide nanoparticles were green synthesised by Falcaria vulgaris extract. Characterisation of samples was carried out by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Investigating factors, such as pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, contact time and the dose effect of the initial concentration of methylene blue dye, was done on adsorption of methylene blue. The synthesised nanoparticles exhibited a relatively spherical and irregular surface, with a size of about 35 nm, a haematite crystal phase and a saturation magnetisation of 8.3 emu/g. The highest adsorption of methylene blue (76%) was achieved at a pH value of 6, with an optimal adsorbent quantity of 0.004 g/L and a starting concentration of 80 mg/L. The adsorption behaviour of synthesised iron oxide nanoparticles follows from Langmuir isotherm and has a maximum adsorption capacity of 49.169 mg/g. The kinetics of methylene blue dye removal using iron oxide nanoparticles followed a second-order kinetic equation. The adsorption activity of iron oxide nanoparticles showed very little change even after two regeneration cycles. Therefore, the obtained adsorbent regained its adsorption capacity with the help of the photo-Fenton process and is reusable again. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Naturally, in human body, there is a balance between free radicals and the antioxidant system. Yet, cigarette consumption in smokers increases free radicals and decreases antioxidants. A vast body of research showed that the ROS level of seminal fluid is reduced using oral antioxidant complements through enhancing the clearing capacity of free radicals. Thus, the present research aimed to explore the effect of vitamin complement consumption on changing male infertility indices among smokers. Methods: In the present randomized clinical trial which was single-blinded, 50 infertile oligospermic and asthenospermic men participated. They were selected in a randomized convenient sampling method. Before the study began, a semen sample was taken from all participants for analysis. Subsequently, the patients received 30 mg of Q10 coenzyme, 8 mg of zinc, 100 mg of vitamin C, 12 mg of vitamin E, 400 mg of folic acid for a whole duration of 3 months on a daily basis (once a day) and 200 mg of selenium every other day after lunch. A second sample of seminal fluid was taken from patients and semen parameters were compared between the pre- and post-test. The relevant statistical analyses were conducted in SPSS.23. Results: A comparison of pre-test and post-test results revealed that all sperm parameters including the volume, morphology, motion, count and progressive motility were significantly increased after the intervention (p ≥ 005). Moreover, a statistically significant improvement was observed in the pH and concentration of seminal fluid. Conclusion: The present research showed that consuming vitamin complements (30 mg of Q10, mg of zinc, 100 mg of vitamin C, 12 mg of vitamin E, 400 mg of folic acid) once a day as well as 200 mg of selenium every other day can effectively improve the qualitative parameters (pH and concentration) and quantitative parameters (volume, motion, morphology, count and progressive motility) in infertile male smokers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]