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Introduction: Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is the most common problem seen in the preterm and term infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units. Etiology is not uniform, and mostly depend on gestational age. For adequate treatment is certainly important to recognize and treat underlying disease, but at the same time, we have to supply adequate respiratory support, tissue perfusion and oxygen deliveries. For a good outcome we need reliable estimation method for functional state of respiratory system, as well as monitoring the effects of treatment. Current assessment ARF is with blood gas, chest X-ray and Oxygenation index (OI). OI is quite aggressive assessment method for neonates, because it involves arterial blood sampling. Promoted in recent studies, Oxygen saturation index (OSI) measured by pulse oximetry, attempts to objectively score respiratory disease with parameters available non-invasively. The aim of our research is to evaluate correlation between OSI and OI in neonates with ARF requiring mechanical ventilation. Material and methods: In a retrospective cohort study 101 neonates were selected, treated at the Department of intensive therapy and care, Pediatric clinic of Tuzla, due to ARF requiring mechanical ventilation. We reviewed data such as gestational age, birth weight, gender, Apgar scores, values of Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology-Perinatal Extension, all the parameters from the arterial blood gas analysis, pulse oximetry values, Oxygenation Index and Oxygenation Saturation Index, that were calculated by the formulas. OSI and OI were calculated and correlated. Mean values of OSI and OI correlated with Pearson's coefficient of 0.76; p

Background: In Europe, survival-rates after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) vary widely between regions. Whether a system dispatching First Responders (FRs; main FR-types: firefighters, police officers, citizen-responders) is present or not may be associated with survival-rates. This study aimed to assess the association between having a dispatched FR-system and rates of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival across Europe., Methods: Results of an inventory of dispatched FR-systems for OHCA in Europe were combined with aggregate ROSC and survival data from the EuReCa-TWO study and additionally collected data. Regression analysis (weighted on number of patients included per region) was performed to study the association between having a dispatched FR-system and ROSC and survival-rates to hospital discharge in the total population and in patients with shockable initial rhythm, witnessed OHCA and bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR; Utstein comparator group). For regions without a dispatched FR-system, the theoretical survival-rate if a dispatched FR-system would have existed was estimated., Findings: We included 27 European regions. There were 15,859 OHCAs in the total group and 2,326 OHCAs in the Utstein comparator group. Aggregate ROSC and survival-rates were significantly higher in regions with an FR-system compared to regions without (ROSC: 36% [95%CI 35%-37%] vs. 24% [95%CI 23%-25%]; P <0.001; survival in total population [ N =15.859]: 13% [95%CI 12%-15%] vs. 5% [95%CI 4%-6%]; P <0.001; survival in Utstein comparator group [ N =2326]: 33% [95%CI 30%-36%] vs. 18% [95%CI 16%-20%]; P <0.001), and in regions with more than one FR-type compared to regions with only one FR-type. All main FR-types were associated with higher survival-rates (all P <0.050)., Interpretation: European regions with dispatched FRs showed higher ROSC and survival-rates than regions without., Funding: This project/work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under acronym ESCAPE-NET, registered under grant agreement No 733381 (IO, HLT and MTB) and the European Union's COST programme under acronym PARQ, registered under grant agreement No CA19137 (IO, DC, HLT, MTB). HLT and MTB were supported by a grant from the Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative, Dutch Heart Foundation, Dutch Federation of University Medical Centres, Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development, Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences - CVON2017-15 RESCUED (HLT), and CVON2018-30 Predict2 (HLT and MTB)., Competing Interests: The authors have nothing to declare., (© 2020 The Author(s).)