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Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research 2018; 14 (2): 240-243. The aim: the optimization of surgical treatment tactics at a customary shoulder dislocation, based on "on-track Hill-Sachs / off-track Hill-Sachs" concept. Material and Methods. The research group consists of 42 patients aged from 19 to 52 years with chronic recurrent anterior shoulder instability, who underwent a surgical treatment to restore previous shoulder anatomic and topographic correlations. Patients were divided into two subgroups according to diagnostic arthroscopy results. The first subgroup includes 14 patients with impaction visualized (off-track Hill-Sachs), the second one — 28 patients with head shoulder stability (on-track Hill-Sachs). Patients of the first subgroup underwent open surgical intervention according to Bristow — Latarjetand shoulder arthroscopic repair was carried out in the second group. Results. One month after the surgical treatment median total estimated figure exceeded by 1.8 times in patients of the first subgroup and by 1.2 times, by Rowe, in patients of the second subgroup and decreased by 2.1 times in patients of the first subgroup and by 1.7 times, by DASH, in the second subgroup in comparison with the indices before the operation, that was illustrative of a good treatment result. Six months after the operation median total estimated figure exceeded by 1.2 times, by Rowe, in patients both of the first subgroup and the second subgroup and decreased by 2 and 2.1 times, by DASH, in patients of the first and the second group, relatively in comparison with the indices found one month after the operation, that was illustrative of an excellent treatment result in the late postoperative period. Conclusion. Patients with anterior shoulder instability caused by a glenoid fossa deficiency less than 25% in combination with off-track Hill-Sachs lesion, the most convenient way is the replacement of the bone loss by coracoid process transposition. In patients with on-track Hill-Sachs lesion arthroscopic repair is preferable.

In the context of the rapid development of the audiovisual industry, the search for new tools to attract audience attention becomes a key task for any creative project. Special effects used to enhance the entertainment of an audio visual work can act as such tools. Within the framework of the research, the expediency of applying them is considered in the context of cinema. Modern trends in cinema are aimed at individualising a creative project. Therefore, it is necessary to know which special effects are advisable to use when realising a film project depending on its features. As a result, a detailed analysis of the implemented special effects has been conducted in relation to different forms of film products in order to better understand the cost of applying them in a particular film project. Variants of special effects have been formed, based not only on paired technologies, but also on more numerous relationships between the first ones. Special effects are both combined and complement each other, thus forming a more efficient filmmaking, which allows you to fully use the techniques of impressive display of visual elements. When evaluating the effectiveness of the application of special effects, the authors have introduced such indicators as output of a special effect and intensity of a special effect.

Abstract The population of Russia consists of more than 150 local ethnicities. The ethnic diversity and geographic origins, which extend from eastern Europe to Asia, make the population uniquely positioned to investigate the shared properties of inherited disease risks between European and Asian ancestries. We present the analysis of genetic and phenotypic data from a cohort of 4,145 individuals collected in three metro areas in western Russia. We show the presence of multiple admixed genetic ancestry clusters spanning from primarily European to Asian and high identity-by-descent sharing with the Finnish population. As a result, there was notable enrichment of Finnish-specific variants in Russia. We illustrate the utility of Russian-descent cohorts for discovery of novel population-specific genetic associations, as well as replication of previously identified associations that were thought to be population-specific in other cohorts. Finally, we provide access to a database of allele frequencies and GWAS results for 464 phenotypes.

One of the most pressing global problems today is the prevention of environmental crises is achieved only through targeted actions of people. In this regard, the search for ways out of the environmental crisis is being carried out, which is reflected in the laws "On environmental protection of the Republic of Kazakhstan", "Emergencies of natural and technogenic character ", as well as in state documents dedicated to environmental issues. as the "National Action Plan for Environmental Protection for Sustainable Development" adopted in our country. An environmental crisis is not the result of some mistakes in the technical or social development of society, it is a manifestation of a cultural crisis, which includes the relationship of people with each other and the system of interaction between society and nature. To get out of it, people need to master new value-normalized relationships, expand their environmental outlook, change the motto "economic efficiency" of society as a whole to "environmental efficiency." We believe that it is necessary to develop a new system of continuous environmental education and training to support these new trends and changes in cognitive / by cognitive /, value and practical orientation of the content of education. From this point of view, we tried to study the bioecological characteristics of plants in the Aral region of the Kyzylorda region as a regional component of teaching biology and to include the results obtained in the educational process. Studying the biology and ecology of plants in the Aral region of the Kyzylorda region, students express their patriotic feelings before their homeland, responsibility and views on nature conservation.

Abstract Achieving complete tumor resection is challenging and can be improved by real-time fluorescence-guided surgery with molecular-targeted probes. However, pre-clinical identification and validation of probes presents a lengthy process that is traditionally performed in animal models and further hampered by inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity in target expression. To screen multiple probes at patient scale, we developed a multispectral real-time 3D imaging platform that implements organoid technology to effectively model patient tumor heterogeneity and, importantly, healthy human tissue binding.

Endometriosis affects about 10% of women of reproductive age and can negatively impact their quality of life (QoL). Due to the heterogeneity of symptoms or even their absence, early diagnosis is difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively assess the patient's complaints, including a thorough review of medical history, the results of imaging studies, and risk factors for endometriosis. Early diagnosis enables preemptive treatment and avoids surgical intervention. The article presents data on managing patients with endometriosis in outpatient settings, describing methods for non-invasive imaging diagnosis of endometriosis. Current options of pharmacotherapy aimed at controlling the development of the disease and improving the QoL of patients in the long term are addressed. Timely initiated drug treatment improves the QoL of patients, in some cases, leads to a regression of the lesions, and improves the prognosis for the reproductive function. A shift in focus to clinical diagnosis, combined with non-invasive imaging, shortens the time between the first consultation and the final diagnosis. According to the current view of Russian and international professional societies, therapy should be long-term; therefore, selecting treatment with predictable responses and monitoring the course of the disease is necessary.

Abstract This paper examines Russia’s propaganda discourse on Twitter during the 2022 invasion of Ukraine. The study employs network analysis, natural language processing (NLP) techniques, and qualitative analysis to identify key communities and narratives associated with the prevalent and damaging narrative of “fascism/Nazism” in discussions related to the invasion. The paper implements a methodological pipeline to identify the main topics, and influential actors, as well as to examine the most impactful messages in spreading this disinformation narrative. Overall, this research contributes to the understanding of propaganda dissemination on social media platforms and provides insights into the narratives and communities involved in spreading disinformation during the invasion.

Aim: to assess the composition of the microbiota of the mucous membrane of the body and the antrum of the stomach.Materials and methods. Sixty patients with dyspeptic symptoms were included into the study. Two biopsy samples of the gastric mucosa (from the body of the stomach and the antrum) were obtained from each patient. The presence of H. pylori infection was confirmed by PCR; RNA was isolated and then libraries were prepared for metatranscriptomic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Sequencing was performed on MiSeq (Illumina, USA) using MiSeq Reagent Kit v3 (600-cycle) (Illumina, USA).Results. The bacterial diversity decreases with the predominance of Helicobacter pylori species in H. pylori-positive patients. These results were confirmed by the Shannon index, the average value of which was 3.6 in the H. pylori-positive group and 5.4 in the H. pylori-negative group. In H. pylori-negative patients an increase in the representation of Streptococcus, Prevotella and Alloprevotella genera was observed. The level of H. pylori contamination of the gastric mucosa varies in the antrum and body of the stomach, in some cases reaching a 3.5-fold difference. Representation of other bacteria in the body and antrum of the stomach does not differ significantly.Conclusion. The bacterial composition of the stomach is dependent on the presence of H. pylori. H. pylori leads to the decrease of the bacterial diversity with the predominance of H. pylori in gastric microbiome.

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a global medical, social and economic problem. Currently, the search and study of new biomarkers that can provide early diagnosis of CHF, serve as a laboratory tool for assessing the effectiveness of treatment, or be used as prognostic markers and risk stratification criteria are ongoing. Scientists' interest is focused, in particular, on studying the role of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in CHF. There is increasing evidence highlighting the value of FGF21 as a new marker for the diagnosis and assessment of prognosis in patients with CHF. The role of FGF21 in CHF is very interesting due to its cardioprotective aspects. Final confirmation of the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic roles of FGF21 will come from future studies.

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a global medical, social, and economic problem. It is a syndrome caused by imbalanced neurohumoral regulation of the cardiovascular system, which is accompanied by impaired systolic and/or diastolic function of the heart. Currently, the search and study of new biological markers that can help in the early diagnosis of CHF, serve as a laboratory tool for assessing treatment effectiveness, or be used as prognostic markers and risk stratification criteria are ongoing. Researchers focused on studying the role of Klotho protein, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and sclerostin in patients with CHF. Klotho expression decreases as the body ages, and impaired production has been reported in various aging-related diseases. The FGF23 / Klotho axis plays a key regulatory role in cardiovascular pathology. Laboratory, clinical, and genetic studies have suggested that sclerostin is associated with heart disease, although available data are not entirely consistent. Clinical work conducted on the study of the Klotho protein, FGF-23, and sclerostin indicates the potentially important diagnostic and prognostic significance of their analysis in patients with CHF. Thus, more studies of the issues related to serial testing of these biological markers, including in the aspect of the multibiomarker model, are needed.

IntroductionThe influence of chitosan's physicochemical characteristics on the functionality of lactic acid bacteria and the production of lactic acid remains very obscure and contradictory to date. While some studies have shown a stimulatory effect of oligochitosans on the growth of Lactobacillus spp, other studies declare a bactericidal effect of chitosan. The lack and contradiction of knowledge prompted us to study the effect of chitosan on the growth and productivity of L. bulgaricus in the presence of chitosan and its derivatives.MethodsWe used high molecular weight chitosan (350 kDa) and oligochitosans (25.4 and 45.3 kDa). The experiment was carried out with commercial strain of L. bulgaricus and the low fat skim cow milk powder reconstituted with sterile distilled water. After fermentation, dynamic viscosity, titratable acidity, pH, content of lactic acid, colony forming units, chitosan and oligochitosans radii were measured in the samples. Fermented dairy products were also examined using sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoretic analysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and light microscopy.Results and discussionThe results of the study showed that when L. bulgaricus was cultured in the presence of 25.4 kDa oligochitosans at concentrations of 0.0025%, 0.005%, 0.0075% and 0.01%, the average rate of LA synthesis over 24 hours was 11.0 × 10−3 mol/L/h, 8.7 × 10−3 mol/L/h, 6.8 × 10−3 mol/L/h, 5.8 × 10−3 mol/L/h, respectively. The 45.3 kDa oligochitosans had a similar effect, while the average rate of lactic acid synthesis in the control sample was only 3.5 × 10−3 mol/L/h. Notably, 350 kDa chitosan did not affect the rate of lactic acid synthesis compared with the control sample. Interestingly, interaction of chitosan with L. bulgaricus led to a slowdown in the synthesis of propanol, an increase in the content of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids, and a change in the composition and content of other secondary metabolites. The quantity of L. bulgaricus in a sample with 0.01% chitosan exceeded their content in the control sample by more than 1,700 times. At the same chitosan concentration, the fermentation process was slowed down, increasing the shelf life of the fermented milk product from 5 to 17 days while maintaining a high content of L. bulgaricus (6.34 × 106 CFU/g).

In the process of growth and crystallization of the alloying elements in the interlayer space of the crystal the nanocomposites are formed perpendicularly to the ground plane, which leads to new electronic properties of the crystal. Formed interlayer nanostructure elements increase the mechanical strength of crystals with high thermoelectric quality factor.

The sector of organic agriculture is attractive for investment, and the organic food market demonstrates a dynamic growth. The article suggests methodological approaches to the analysis of demand trends on the organic food market based on the use of growth curves. The dynamics of changes in the consumption of organic products per capita is characterized by a sequential single passage of the stages of development (growth), the achievement of maximum indicators (saturation), recessions, and cessation of existence. As the main factors determining the rate of development and the potential consumption of organic food products per capita, the level of incomes and life of the population was considered. The potential consumption of organic food products per capita in different countries is grounded, taking into account these factors. Based on the analysis of the functions of the growth rates of the per capita demand for organic food products derived from the estimated demand growth curves, the stages of the life cycle of organic food products on the European markets were analyzed, and the exhaustion of the potential demand for organic products in all considered countries except Britain was identified. It is expected that the further expansion of organic food production in the European producer countries will be facilitated by the reorientation to new markets actively importing this product (China, Russia, Japan, and Singapore).

BACKGROUND: Self-stigma remains one of the most vexing issues in psychiatry. It complicates the treatment and social functioning of patients with endogenous psychiatric disorders. Identifying the specific features of self-stigma depending on the type and duration of the endogenous mental illness can help solve this problem. AIM: The aim of this study was to establish the level and specific features of self-stigma in patients with various types of chronic endogenous psychiatric disorders at different disease stages and to establish the correlation between the level of self-stigma and the attitude of the patient to his/her disease and treatment. METHODS: Clinical psychopathology assessment, psychometric scales and questionnaires: “Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale” (PANSS), “Questionnaire for Self-Stigma Assessment in Mentally Ill Patients”, and Russian versions of the “Insight Scale for Psychosis” (ISP), and “Drug Attitude Inventory” (DAI-10). The cross-sectional study included 86 patients with endogenous mental illnesses (bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. RESULTS: The analysis of the results of the “Questionnaire for Self-Stigma Assessment in Mentally Ill Patients” showed that at the initial disease stages the highest level of self-stigma is observed in patients with bipolar affective disorder (M±σ=1.22±0.73; Me [Q1; Q3]=1.10 [0.83; 1.60]), while the lowest level was observed in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (M±σ=0.86±0.53; Me [Q1; Q3]=0.77 [0.31; 1.25]). Patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder and a disease duration more than five years participating in a long-term comprehensive psychosocial rehabilitation program also demonstrated high rates of self-stigma (M±σ=1.20±0.57, Me [Q1; Q3]=1.26 [0.89; 1.47]). The study groups showed differences in terms of the structure of components of self-stigma and their severity; significant correlations were uncovered between the self-stigma parameters and the attitude of patients to their disease and therapy. CONCLUSION: The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the specific features of self-stigma in patients with various endogenous disorders at different stages of the disease. These data can be used as part of a comprehensive psychosocial treatment program for this patient cohort, as well as for future research.

Abstract It is well known that molecules confined very close to a surface arrange into molecular layers. Because solid-liquid interfaces are ubiquitous in the chemical, biological and physical sciences, it is crucial to develop methods to easily access molecular layers and exploit their distinct properties by producing molecular layered crystals. Here we report a method based on crystallization in ultra-thin puddles enabled by gas blowing, which allows to produce molecular layered crystals with thickness down to the monolayer onto a surface, making them directly accessible for characterization and further processing. By selecting four molecules with different types of polymorphs, we observed exclusive crystallization of polymorphs with Van der Waals interlayer interactions, which have not been observed with traditional confinement methods. In conclusion, the gas blowing approach unveils the opportunity to perform materials chemistry under confinement onto a surface, enabling the formation of distinct crystals with selected polymorphism.

An important factor characterizing the level of development of medicine in a particular country is the prevalence and intensity of nosocomial infections. In this regard, studies were carried out, the purpose of which was to analyze the prevalence and structure of nosocomial infections among children. Age characteristics, type of infection, as well as clinical strains of microorganisms isolated from 350 pediatric patients with pathological infectious processes, developing organs and tissues of the respiratory tract - 200 (group 1), and digestive tract - 150 patients (group 2) were studied. The frequency of occurrence of isolated bacterial cultures directly depended on the nosological form of the studied infectious pathology. In the first and second groups, the priority causative agent of nosocomial infection is Ps.aeruginosa, which was intensively sown in 41.5% and 43.33% of children, respectively. In general, the symptoms of respiratory system damage occurred more often among children included in the study and corresponding to age indicators above 10 years - 62.5%. In the same age group, a high level of damage to organs and tissues of the gastrointestinal tract was observed, which was determined by the obtained statistical data - 58.0%.

Introduction. Diarrheal syndrome is the most characteristic symptom of HIV infection, which occurs in 70% of patients and is often fatal. The severity of diarrheal syndrome, irrespective of immune status, is usually determined by specific microorganisms colonising the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of classical pathogens of acute intestinal infections in diarrheal syndrome in HIV-infected residents of the Chechen Republic (Grozny). Materials and methods. Stool samples (n = 191) of HIV-infected patients with a history of diarrheal syndrome were studied by real-time PCR with two kits of reagents: "AmpliSens OKI screen-FL" for the detection of DNA/RNA of Shigella spp./EIEC, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Adenovirus, Rotavirus, Norovirus and Astrovirus; "AmpliSens Escherichiosis-FL" for the detection of diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) DNA of five pathogroups: EPEC, EHEC, ETEC, EIEC, EAgEC. Results. Genetic markers of the acute intestinal infection pathogens were detected in 20.9% of the examined individuals. In patients aged 0–7 years and 18–24 years, DNA/RNA of the tested pathogens were not detected. DNA of bacterial pathogens accounted for 93.9%, RNA of viral pathogens — 6.1%. The etiological structure of bacterial infections was represented by a significant predominance of DEC (84.8%) compared to 10.9% of Campylobacter spp. and 4.4% of Salmonella spp. The structure of viral infections included 66.7% Rotavirus and 33.3% Norovirus. Genetic markers of Adenovirus and Astrovirus have not been identified. In 77.5% of HIV-infected patients, diarrheal syndrome was caused by one pathogen (mono-infection), but in nine examined patients (22.5%) it had a combined etiology. Conclusion. The etiology of acute intestinal infections in HIV-infected patients of the Chechen Republic includes bacterial and viral pathogens, in every fifth the cause of diarrheal disease was DEC. Due to diarrhea in HIV-infected people being a polyetiological disease, it is necessary to introduce a comprehensive, fast, reliable, and affordable method for identifying a wide range of pathogens that cause secondary infections.

Nanowires formation process on a (0001) surface of Bi2Te3 is studied. It has been established that on interlayer surface Te(1)—Te(1) there is a process of migration of atoms, moving and coagulation of clusters on the basis of Zn atoms. As a result of diffusion-limited aggregation the structures with quantum dots are formed, from which nanowires are self-organized. Such superficial structures play regulating role in working out the topological insulators based on A2VB3VI and increase thermoelectric efficiency of a composite.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are uniquely suited for highly anisotropic thermal transport, which is important in thermoelectrics, thermal barrier coatings, and heat spreaders. Solution-processed 2D materials are attractive for simple, low-cost, and large-scale fabrication of devices on, virtually, any substrate. However, to date, there are only few reports with contrasting results on the thermal conductivity of graphene films, while thermal transport has been hardly measured for other types of solution-processed 2D material films. In this work, inkjet-printed graphene, h-BN and MoS2 films are demonstrated with thermal conductivities of ∼10 Wm-1K-1 and ∼0.3 Wm-1K-1 along and across the basal plane, respectively, giving rise to an anisotropy of ∼30, hardly dependent on the material type and annealing treatment. First-principles calculations indicate that portion of the phonon spectrum is cut-off by the quality of the thermal contact for transport along the plane, yet the ultra-low conductivity across the plane is associated with high-transmissivity interfaces. These findings can drive the design of highly anisotropic 2D material films for heat management applications.

Introduction The phenomenon of self-stigma in patients with bipolar affective disorder (BD) has been studied much less than in other mental disorders (Favre, Richard-Lepourie, 2023). However, self-stigma has equally negative psychosocial consequences for them (Shargh et al, 2015). Therefore, identifying the clinical and psychological characteristics of self-stigma in BD patients, especially in the initial stages of the disease, and developing on this basis new directions for their psychosocial rehabilitation to reduce self-stigma is relevant. Objectives To identify clinical and psychological characteristics of self-stigma in BD patients, to identify targets for psychosocial rehabilitation. Methods «Questionnaire for assessing the phenomenon of self-stigmatization of mentally ill people» (Mikhailova et al., 2005), «Insight Scale for Psychosis» - ISP (Birchwood et al., 1994). We examined 17 patients (12 women and 5 men) with a diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder (F31.xxx according to ICD-10). The average age of the patients was 25.52±4.55 years. The duration of the disorder is 0.5-3 years. Results It was shown, that patients with BD had a high level of self-stigma. Indicator «General level of self-stigma» was 1.22±0.73 points, that higher its average values. The main component in the structure of self-stigmatization was an overestimation of possible limitations of one’s own internal activity and self-realization (1.96 ± 0.87 and 1.62 ± 0.82 points, respectively) associated with the disease. Idealization of one’s pre-illness qualities and achievements (1.62±0.82 points) and the formation of misconceptions about the loss of previous opportunities will able to lead to negative personal changes and limit the activity of patients. Correlation analysis revealed significant (p≤0.01) correlations between the «Patient’s ability to recognize painful phenomena as symptoms of mental illness» scale of the ISP scale and individual parameters of the questionnaire for assessing self-stigma: «Imagination of one’s own failure due to illness» - r = 0, 52; «Fear of becoming insolvent due to illness» - r=0.54; «Idealization of the «healthy self», r=0.51. Thus, in BD patients, self-stigma is associated with low awareness of the disease and misconceptions about it and about themselves. Conclusions Psychoeducation programs, aimed at formation an adequate perception of mental disorder, the ability to recognize its symptoms, and destigmatization trainings to increase the social activity are needed for BD patients. Such trainings were developed during the research and are currently being tested. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction The development of the methodology for the psychiatric care quality managing is associated with the implementation of criteria and standards, systematic evaluation and the continuous improvement of the care quality. Important role in assessing the care quality belongs to the specialists of the psychiatric services, who are both “providers” and “internal consumers” of care. At the same time, it is especially significant to take into consideration the opinion of nurses, as the largest group of specialists working in psychiatric institutions and directly providing treatment and care for patients. Objectives To assess the quality of care by nurses of psychiatric institutions and to develop evaluation criteria and measures to improve the quality of care. Methods Questionnaire «Assessing the satisfaction with quality of care by medical staff of psychiatric institution», including 78 questions about the quality of the structure, process and results of activities (Solokhina et al., 2014); adapted questionnaire «Assessment of the burden of psychiatric staff working in psychiatric institution», including 52 questions (WHO, 1994). The study involved 35 nurses of inpatient and outpatient services of Moscow psychiatric hospital № 4 named after P.B. Gannushkin. Results It was found that 76,5% of respondents were satisfied with the quality of proved care in general and 78,2% of them were satisfied professional level of medical staff. The lower satisfaction was obtained when the other aspects were assessed. For example, only 58,6% of respondents were satisfied by relations with colleagues, 55,9% – by support from administration correspondingly. Dissatisfaction of nurses was related with working conditions, salary, excessive control by administration, insufficient professional training and lack of participation in the assessment of the institution’s activities. It was revealed that the integral index of professional burden of nurses was at the average level (1,47±0,26). Inverse correlations between burden of staff and satisfaction with quality of care and institution’s activities were established. This allows to consider the professional burden as criterion in assessing the quality of care. Using obtained results, a training aimed at improving the communicative competence of medical personnel was developed and implemented in practice (Trushkina, Solokhina, 2019). For today more the 60 nurses have taken part in this training. The results demonstrate the professional growth of the participants and their communication patterns expansion. Conclusions Nurses’ satisfaction and indicators of professional burden both can be used as criteria of assessment of the psychiatric care quality. It is also necessary to introduce in psychiatric institutions training aimed at continuous professional skills improving. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction An important aspect in providing effective psychiatric care and treatment is the formation of an adequate perception of their mental disorder in patients and awareness of the need for treatment, especially at the initial stages of the disease. Patients’ misunderstanding of their own psychopathological manifestations can act as a serious obstacle to their compliance and lead to an increase in the frequency of exacerbations and repeated hospitalizations. Objectives To assess the attitude to the disease and treatment in patients with various mental disorders at the initial stages of the disease. Methods Clinical and psychopathological, psychological, statistical. The following scales were used: Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI, Hogan T.P. et al., 1983); Insight Scale for Psychosis (ISP, Birchwood M., 1994); Questionnaire “Style of self-regulation of behavior” (SSPM, V.I. Morosanova, 1988) and others. 17 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD, F31.xxx, ICD-10) were examined, the average age of patients was 25.52±4.55 years and 39 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (F20.1xx and F23.1xx, ICD-10), the average age of patients was 29.29±9.71. The duration of the disorder in both groups of patients was 0.5-3 years. Results A comparative analysis of the average scores of the scale of attitude to the disease revealed significant differences in the groups (p≤0.01). Patients with schizophrenia had a lower awareness of their disease (2.31±0.91 points) than patients with bipolar disorder (3.59±0.76 points). Correlation analysis revealed reliable connections (p≤0.01) between the scales of attitude to the disease and drugs and the self-regulation questionnaire. In patients with schizophrenia, deeper violations were found in the links of self-regulation, such as programming and planning when assessing the presence of a mental disorder and deterioration of their condition due to discontinuation of medication (r=0.38 and r=0.36, respectively). The low level of self-regulation in general and the rigidity of negative attitudes in awareness of the disease and the need for treatment also have a negative impact on compliance with the medication regimen. No such correlations were found in patients with bipolar disorder: they were more aware of the presence of a mental disorder and the need for treatment, but the degree of compliance with the medication regimen was not high enough. Conclusions The treatment of patients with mental disorders requires an integrated approach with the mandatory inclusion of a psychoeducational component in order to form an adequate model of their disease and an understanding of the expected risks when therapy is discontinued. Psychoeducation is especially relevant in the early stages of the disease, both for patients with schizophrenia and with BD. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction According to scientific sources, personal resources in the form of resilience, stress coping skills play an important protective role in the prevention of psychosis recurrence. Weakening the psychological capacity of the patient and increasing stress are risk factors for psychosis. Objectives To study the protective role of such personal resources as resilience and coping with stress in schizophrenia, as well as the influence of negative symptomatology and psychosociorehabilitation intervention on these factors. Methods Clinical-psychopathological, statistical, and psychometric methods were used (Alfimova-Golimbet’s resilience scale, Amirkhan’s coping strategies questionnaire, and PANSS). Patients of two groups participated in the study: 1 - members of a community organization (OO), n=49, who in addition to psychopharmacotherapy were given comprehensive long-term psychosociorehabilitation (3.7±2.5 years), 2 - patients of the medical-rehabilitation department of a psychiatric hospital (MRO), n=48, in whom the psychosociorehabilitation intervention was shorter (40.3±6.5 days). Results The results of the study showed that significant predictors of a favorable course of the schizophrenic process were high indicators of resilience, coping behavior, and a small degree of negative symptomatology. Analysis of the data regarding patients’ coping with stress shows that constructive coping strategies are more frequent in both groups. Thus, “problem solving” (24.3 points in GS and 22.9 points in MPO) and “search for social support” (23.0 points and 22.7 points, respectively), that is patients of both groups are generally oriented to a productive way of coping with difficult situations and are ready to seek help from others in a difficult situation. Notably, the strategy of “problem avoidance” is less pronounced (18.5 points and 19.4 points, respectively). The high resilience scores in the GS group (32.5 points), comparable to the norm in the population (33.1 points), are explained by long-term comprehensive psychosociorehabilitation, while the resilience scores in the MPO group are lower - 28.7 points. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia were equally pronounced in both groups, manifested by difficulties in communication (2.6 points each), passive-apathetic social withdrawal (2.7 points each). Such negative symptoms as blunting of affect and emotional indifference were more pronounced in the MPO group - 3.2 points each vs. 2.8 points in the group from the GS. Conclusions High levels of resilience and ability to cope with stress as a result of psychosociorehabilitation intervention allow patients to overcome difficult life circumstances more flexibly. They are associated with less pronounced negative symptoms, which generally helps prevent psychosis relapses and contribute to a more favorable course and prognosis of schizophrenia. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

In 1838 G. Rees, a doctor from London (Guy's Hospital), for the first time isolated excess sugar from the blood serum of a patient with diabetes mellitus. Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus gradually developed. The next step was the understanding that regular monitoring of glucose levels by the patient himself is an integral part of diabetes mellitus therapy. The starting point of the technology for self-monitoring of diabetes mellitus was the determination of the sugar content in urine using chemical reactions. The method had no great clinical significance, it only indicated a progressive disease. The first Dextrostix blood glucose test strip (Ames-Mile's laboratories) was introduced in 1964. In 1970, the first automated blood glucose analysis system, the Ames Reflectance Meter (ARM), was created. Over time, the technology has been improved, accuracy, visibility, comfort, and an individual approach to glucometry have been formed. A new chapter was the development of remote technologies and the possibility of remote monitoring. More advanced data processing is now available in tabular and graphical form, with the calculation of 7-, 14-, 30-, and 90-day average glycemic values. A promising direction is the introduction of artificial intelligence in the management of diabetes mellitus.

Background: Skin cancer is the most frequently diagnosed type of cancer among all malignant neoplasms. The decrease in mitotic activity and the death of intact keratinocytes arise due to the constantly renewing epithelium is highly sensitive to ionising radiation. Aim: The aim of the study is immunohistochemical evaluation of the proliferative-apoptotic balance of keratinocytes, the fibrous component of the skin and the expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines after single or fractional local electron irradiation. Methods: Wistar rats (n=80) were taken from the ITM&B Vivarium (Sechenov University) and divided into groups: I – control, which were injected with saline; and experimental groups, local electron irradiation at doses: II – 8 Gy (single), III – 40 Gy (single), IV – summary dose 78 Gy (fractional; 13 Gy per day for 6 days). We performed histological analysis, histochemical analysis using Masson, safranine and picrosirius red staining, immunohistochemical (Ki-67, caspase-3, p53, types I and III collagens, IL-1, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10) and morphometric analysis of skin fragments of the outer surface of the thigh, irradiated in accordance with the design of the experiment. The early and delayed effects of local electron irradiation at different doses were studied. Results: After local electron irradiation, dose-dependent morphological changes in the skin of the experimental groups were observed: violation of the histoarchitectonics of the skin confirmed by morphological and morphometric analysis, proliferation of connective tissue according to the results of histochemical and immunohistochemical studies with signs of the radiation-induced skin fibrosis development, an increase in the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. We observed the most pronounced signs of the radiation-induced skin damage in the group of fractional irradiation after three months. Conclusion: 8 Gy and 40 Gy single local electron irradiation leads to a shift in the proliferative-apoptotic balance of keratinocytes towards their apoptosis, which activity is directly correlate with the dose of ionizing radiation, and 78 Gy in fractions leads to partial desquamation of the epithelium and inflammatory infiltration. In addition, after three months a significant increase in the expression of type I and type III collagen fibers and the development of radiation-induced skin fibrosis takes place against the background of 78 Gy fractional local electron irradiation. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(12.000): 1570-1582]

Despite significant advances in medicine, cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of death worldwide. An important task in cardiology is the search and study of new cardiovascular biological markers. In recent years, salusins have attracted the interest of scientists. Salusins are endogenous biologically active peptides, which were first identified in 2003. Thus far, studies have demonstrated that salusin-α and salusin-β play important roles in vascular remodeling, inflammation, hypertension, and atherosclerotic processes. Salusin-α exhibits an antiatherogenic effect, whereas salusin-β plays a proatherogenic role. Despite the diverse biological, physiological, and pathophysiological aspects of salusins, the exact mechanism of their cardiovascular effects is not fully known. Further in-depth studies of the role of salusins in cardiovascular diseases are required. The regulation of the concentration and expression of salusin-α and salusin-β may prove to be a promising strategy for the treatment of patients with cardiac diseases.

Cardiovascular pathology is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. An important task of modern cardiology is the search and study of new biological markers. Scientists’ interest is actively focused on the study of interleukin-38. Interleukin-38 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine and a member of the interleukin-1 family. This study aimed to analyze literature sources devoted to the study of interleukin-38 as a cardiovascular biological marker. Literature sources, including all relevant publications in PubMed (MEDLINE), RSCI, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, were analyzed. The search depth was 9 years. Interleukin-38 is found in the skin, heart, placenta, fetal liver, spleen, thymus, and activated B cells of the tonsils. Interleukin-38 protein is detected in human plasma, serum, and cell cultures by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Interleukin-38 regulates immune and inflammatory responses by binding to its receptors and activating downstream signals. Its deficiency is associated with increased systemic inflammation in aging, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic diseases. Currently, not much clinical and experimental data have been accumulated regarding the effect of interleukin-38 on the cardiovascular system; however, further studies are expected to demonstrate the possibility of its use as an additional laboratory tool for diagnosis and assessment of prognosis in patients with cardiac problems. Regulating the concentration and expression of interleukin-38 is a promising strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.