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In Mexico, archaeological heritage belongs to all members of society, according to section XXV of Article 73 of the Mexican Constitution and Article 27 of the federal law on monuments and archaeological sites. The Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH) was founded in 1939 as a federal government agency for the research, protection, and dissemination of archaeological heritage. Although this heritage belongs to all, stringent rules and procedures create an unequal relationship between career professionals and the diverse communities interested in the past (i.e., collectors, local museums, descendant communities). It is long due to begin practicing an inclusive archaeology that considers all the various knowledge systems (i.e., academic, technical, local, and traditional) of the communities interested in the past. Here, we describe case studies from Sonora, Mexico, to propose the implementation of several far-reaching activities with artifact collectors, Indigenous communities, researchers, archaeologists, and INAH Sonora authorities. Our pilot proposal needs to be implemented in other areas of Mexico that continue to prioritize archaeological narratives over other narratives about our past.

Research finds that parents’ knowledge and practices exert significant influence on the developmental outcomes of children and youth. Formal parenting programs that improve parenting knowledge and practices can positively impact children’s development and behavior; however, these programs tend to be limited in terms of their scope and size of the populations they serve. We conducted an experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of the Positive Parenting Newsfeed project – a wide-reaching parenting initiative that features rigorous research-based strategies and recommendations for parents through monthly TV news reports in English and Spanish. In a sample of 381 parents, we evaluated outcomes such as parents’ knowledge about the topics covered in the reports, intent to adopt, and adoption of research-based parenting behaviors. Compared to a control group, we find that parents exposed to the 1–1.5-minute Positive Parenting TV news segments report higher knowledge about research-based parenting topics, are more likely to report intention to adopt the behaviors featured in the segments, and implement more behaviors that follow the featured advice, one week and one month after watching the segments. Prior State of Knowledge. Public education campaigns, specifically public health education campaigns, have found success in modifying mass population opinions and behaviors, but rarely focus on child development topics. Novel Contributions. This study is the first experimental evaluation to examine the effectiveness of communicating research-based parenting strategies to parents through videos displayed in local TV news segments, on parents’ knowledge, intent to adopt, and adoption of behaviors. Practical Implications. News producers and policymakers need to address global challenges and promote positive child outcomes, and television news can be an effective medium to provide important information to parents – the most important adults in children’s lives

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Diversos estudios han destacado el importante papel de los monos aulladores (Alouatta palliata mexicana) en la dispersión de semillas y, con ello, en la regeneración de las poblaciones de plantas con frutos carnosos de los bosques tropicales. Sin embargo, poca es la evidencia empírica sobre cuáles podrían ser los mecanismos que les permitiría a los monos aulladores favorecer la germinación de las semillas de muchas especies de plantas, incluyendo la escarificación de su cubierta externa. En este trabajo se evaluó si los endocarpos de Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae), una especie importante en la dieta de los monos aulladores, podrían ser escarificados al pasar por el tracto digestivo de estos primates. Métodos: Se colectaron endocarpos de las heces de monos aulladores, así como frutos maduros del suelo, en la región de Los Tuxtlas, municipio Catemaco, Veracruz, México. Mediante cortes transversales de los endocarpos y su análisis en el microscopio electrónico de barrido, se tomaron medidas del grosor de la cubierta externa y probaron las diferencias entre ambos tipos de muestras (i.e., endocarpos de frutos y endocarpos que pasaron por el tracto digestivo). Resultados clave: Se observó que el grosor de la cubierta de los endocarpos en frutos fue mayor (=47.05±9.69 µm) que el de endocarpos en heces (=1.51±3.60 µm) (W=0.48, p

Este artículo analiza los litigios presentados en las cortes de la Audiencia de Quito entre fines del siglo XVIII e inicios del XIX que se acogieron a la Pragmática Sanción expedida en 1776, una legislación sobre el consentimiento de los padres para el matrimonio de los hijos e hijas menores de 25 años que buscaba impedir los matrimonios desiguales. Argumenta que las relaciones entre hombres y mujeres de la Real Audiencia de Quito durante el siglo XVIII fueron marcadamente desiguales, fruto de una estructura social jerárquica basada en diferencias relacionadas con el estatus, la clase, la raza y el género. Sin embargo, esta estructura social jerarquizada fue también porosa y cambiante. Los criterios de desigualdad no fueron definidos por la Corona y esta indefinición permitió que el disenso de los padres apelara a categorías que incluyeron la clase, la raza, la calidad y el estatus, las cuales se construían en la vida cotidiana, en la práctica diaria. De esta manera, se demuestra que la identidad de las personas se definió a lo largo de las querellas. Los hombres y mujeres desafiaron las formas aceptables de construir las relaciones de pareja. Desafiaron, por lo tanto, el intento de la Corona por limitar su capacidad de elección y, al hacerlo, dieron cuenta de cómo se construía la autoridad imperial en el Quito del siglo XVIII: en el aquí y en el ahora.

[EN] Emerging art, performativity, and collaboration networks. How collaboration is the starting point from which we often work, especially when we talk about emerging art, and how it conditions it, creating spaces of possibility, but also obstacles that are sometimes difficult to overcome. The opportunities and problems that also entail artistic practices based on performativity and live act as part of this collaboration. Also understanding creative processes as a perpetual direct that lasts as long as participation and dialogue are active. How the dialogical work of art requires strategies, which we can extrapolate from the living arts, to record, document, and preserve its integrity. As a practical example: continuo. Collective and association where we work with the living arts, more specifically in the audiovisual environment with live music and visuals. In its artistic project we focus on the organization of audiovisual sets of experimental electronic music and the curation of exhibitions, whose final objective is the dissemination —and participation— of emerging culture. The different individuals and groups that participate in the audiovisual presentations are bonded by their active involvement in current experimental creation and, in the context of continuo, they become a collective identity —or community— that accounts for a concrete reality, in a determined moment, through collaborative productions., [ES] Arte emergente, performatividad y redes de colaboración. De qué manera la colaboración es el punto de partida desde el que a menudo se trabaja, más aún cuando hablamos de arte emergente, y de qué manera lo condiciona, creando espacios de posibilidad, pero también obstáculos a veces difíciles de salvar. Las oportunidades y problemas que conllevan, además, las prácticas artísticas basadas en la performatividad y el directo como parte de esta colaboración. Pero también entendiendo los procesos creativos como un perpetuo directo que dura en tanto que está activa la participación y el diálogo. Cómo la obra de arte dialógico requiere de estrategias, que podemos extrapolar de las artes vivas, para registrar, documentar y preservar su integridad. Como ejemplo práctico: continuo. Colectivo y asociación donde trabajamos con las artes vivas, más concretamente en el entorno audiovisual con directos de música y visuales. En su proyecto artístico se centra en la organización de ciclos audiovisuales de música electrónica experimental y el comisariado de exposiciones, cuyo objetivo final es la difusión —y participación— de la creación emergente. Los diferentes individuos y agrupaciones que participan en los ciclos audiovisuales están unidos por su activa implicación en la creación experimental actual y, en el contexto de continuo, se convierten en una identidad colectiva — o comunidad— que da cuenta de una realidad concreta, en un momento determinado, a través de producciones fruto de la colaboración.

Introduction: Neural tube defects (NTD) are congenital malformations that are caused by the lack of fusion of the neural tube during the embryonic period, exposing the nervous tissue to the outside. There are different types, and they can be cranial (anencephaly and encephalocele) and spinal (spina bifida). The encephalocele is a protrusion or herniation of the intracranial content, through the bony defect of the skull. In this article, we report the case of a patient diagnosed with occipital encephalocele, while reviewing the neurosurgical treatment performed in our hospital. Clinical Case: We present the case of an 8-day-old male neonate, the son of a 36-year-old diabetic mother, with a prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of occipital encephalocele, evidenced at 16 weeks of gestational age. The patient underwent surgery, performing a plasty of the occipital encephalocele; he presented as a mediate complication infection of the surgical wound that was resolved with antibiotic treatment, later presenting a favorable evolution. Conclusion: The extension and nature of the hernial content of the encephalocele determine its prognosis, as well as immediate treatment, which can reduce postoperative complications. Keywords: Encephalocele, Neural Tube, Spinal Dysraphism, Nerve Tissue (Source: MeSH NLM)

Las periferias de las zonas metropolitanas se han convertido en canales de desagüe y basureros, aprovechando los cauces de los arroyos, ríos, canales de riego y barrancas para verter los desechos líquidos o sólidos. No obstante, es en las periferias de estas ciudades el lugar en donde se dan mayormente los asentamientos irregulares y/o construcción de vivienda de interés social, convirtiendo estos espacios en cinturones de pobreza, marginación y contenedores de desechos urbanos. Bajo esta premisa se analiza el problema generado por el crecimiento urbano e industrial de la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara (ZMG) a partir de las aguas residuales que son vertidas a los cuerpos de agua que la circundan. Este documento se basa en la revisión documental, bibliográfica y de documentos institucionales, así como del meta análisis de mapas e imágenes, y recorridos de campo, lo que nos permite realizar la correlación y relación de los datos obtenidos para la construcción del modelo de desalojo de las aguas residuales de la ZMG.

A pesar de ser el agua un recurso vital para la existencia de cada especie del planeta Tierra; pese a haber sido reconocido, en declaraciones internacionales de diversos tipos, como un derecho de todos los individuos, tal recurso no se encuentra distribuido y disponible en igualdad, cantidad y calidad, por tanto existe hoy en día una creciente problemática por asegurar tal garantía, objetivo a demostrar en el presente documento, que muestra los resultados de un estudio realizado en la localidad de Tlachichilco del Carmen, en el municipio de Poncitlán, Jalisco, México.Así, mediante una revisión exhaustiva de fuentes documentales y aplicación de entrevistas y encuestas, se evidencia en este texto el problema de acceso al agua y las estrategias, como la captación de agua de lluvia que están sucediendo en una localidad conlindante al cuerpo de agua dulce más grande de México, el lago de Chapala, ubicado en el occidente de México.

This paper proposes a holistic vision of the urban metabolism (UM), viewing the city as a subsystem within an industrial ecosystem (IE) in which municipal-industrial symbiosis is essential to achieve sustainability goals. For this purpose, the metabolism of a large Spanish city, Zaragoza, was studied by analyzing the main fractions of its MSW. A methodology based on carbon footprint (CF) was developed to analyze the environmental impact—in terms of CO2—of the influence of households’ behavior, the City Council’s strategies, and the main MSW fractions. Zaragoza’s IE represents a footprint of 931,250 CO2 tons for the fractions studied, of which 438,000 CO2 tons are due to organic fraction, 180,371 to plastics and 154,607 to paper and cardboard, which are the three most significant contributors. If households selectively separated 100% of their waste, the footprint would drop to 648,660 tons of CO2. Furthermore, monetary savings were quantified through the CO2 emissions price. The proposed methodology accounts for the CF of the whole IE, not just the city. Moreover, it enables the creation of Sankey diagrams to visualize the distribution of emissions of each subsystem, highlighting the importance of cooperation between the city and its recycling industries to reduce its CF.

Objetivo: analizar los significados y las experiencias de mujeres usuarias de droga en el proceso de internamiento y rehabilitación bajo el modelo de ayuda mutua. Metodología: aproximación cualitativa desde el método biográfico. Entrevistamos a doce mujeres internas en dos clínicas de rehabilitación. Resultados: expondremos las vivencias del inicio del proceso de rehabilitación y la llegada a las clínicas de rehabilitación. Posteriormente, abordaremos la construcción de planes al concluir el tratamiento, y las motivaciones familiares para recuperar la confianza, el rol como madre responsable de sus hijos y la autosuficiencia. Conclusiones: El modelo de rehabilitación actual reproduce roles y estereotipos de género, incrementa la desigualdad social y reproduce una estigmatización que limita el proceso de rehabilitación, el desarrollo social y personal de las mujeres. De aquí se desprende, la necesidad de generar protocolos de intervención desde la perspectiva de género. Objective: to analyze the meanings and experiences of women drug users in the involuntary commitment and rehabilitation process under the mutual aid model. Methodology: Qualitative approach from the biographical method. Twelve female admitted at two rehabilitation clinics were interviewed. Results: The experiences of the beginning of the rehabilitation process and the arrival at the rehabilitation clinics will be presented. Subsequently, the construction of plans at the end of the treatment and family motivations to regain confidence, the role as responsible mother of her children and self-sufficiency will be addressed. Conclusions: The current rehabilitation model reproduces gender roles and stereotypes, increases social inequality, and reproduces stigmatization that limits the rehabilitation process and the social and personal development of women. Hence, the need to generate intervention protocols from a gender perspective emerges.

The Comcaac have lived along the central part of the Sonoran coast of Mexico for over a thousand years. These traditionally highly mobile hunters, gatherers, and fishermen of the desert and sea are now mainly settled in two villages with several seasonal exceptions. Past places remain important to the Comcaac, and they recall and remember these places through place-names, storytelling, and other cultural practices that integrate Comcaac historical events and traditions. Enduring cultural knowledge about the land and sea reveals that the Comcaac constructed a complex cultural landscape through their multifaceted mobility patterns during the past that included different people with varying degrees of cultural knowledge and experience. Through materiality theory, a cultural landscape approach and the analytical unit of place, this paper understands mobility as multifaceted, played out by different participants with different motivations. Direct involvement by Comcaac community members in this work expands and refines interpretations about the Comcaac cultural landscape through time using archaeological evidence, oral history, archival documents, and ethnographic information to better understand and explain past mobility patterns. Comcaac patterns of mobility and cultural meanings of places are valuable in understanding broader movement scenarios that may be applicable to a range of cultures.

MnFe2O4 solid nanospheres (MSN) were synthesized by a solvothermal method. The sample was then used as catalyst to activate potassium peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the generation of sulfate (SO4.–) and hydroxyl (HO.) radicals to degrade and mineralize para-nitrophenol (PNP) in water. The aim of this work was to study the influence of operational variables on the activity of the MSN catalyst to degrade and mineralize PNP, the PMS consumption kinetics, the leaching of metal ions, and the removal of nitrogen. Results showed that 100% of PNP (0.1 mM) was removed in MSN/PMS system by degradation within 7 h at a dosage of 4 mM of PMS, 0.5 g L−1 of MSN, 40 °C, and pH0 5.8. The reusability of the MSN catalyst was also studied, and a PNP degradation pathway was proposed. The PNP degradation followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model and the activation energy obtained was 37.1 kJ/mol. Under the above standard reaction conditions, the catalyst showed a good performance after five catalytic runs, with a degradation efficiency that exceeded 98%, and removed around 70% of total organic carbon in each run. The excellent reusability and long-term stability was verified by the characterization of fresh and used catalysts. The sole degradation products were maleic and fumaric acids and nitrate and nitrite ions.

The medicinal applications of curcumin, the major component of Curcuma longa, are limited by its poor solubility and low oral bioavailability. In order to overcome this limitation, a method to produce nanocapsules of chitosan loaded with curcumin was developed. Three different molecular weight and deacetylation degree chitosan polymers were used in the formulation in order to prepare curcumin-loaded nanocapsules (mass ratio 1 : 1.4). The best results were achieved using chitosan-Bi with a molecular weight of 710 000 Da. A bimodal distribution was observed in samples; moreover, chitosan-Bi produced the lowest particle size (197 nm). The entrapment efficacy of all chitosan nanocapsules produced reached values between 75 and 92 %. Their rate of drug release at different pH levels (2.0 and 7.4) showed a fast onset of curcumin release. Swiss mice were used to determine oral and total bioavailability of the new curcumin-loaded nanocapsules. Remarkably, the bioavailability of curcumin nanoformulated increased 9-fold compared with no formulated curcumin. These nanocapsules have the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, and its production is an easy to scale-up procedure using nontoxic materials.

Biodegradability and activity tests of winery wastewater at 37 °C using inoculum from a paper mill suggested hydrolysis as the rate limiting step with hydrogen the predominant pathway to methane. Scaling-up to a Hybrid-EGSB showed that after 100 days acclimation at moderate temperatures (20 ± 2 °C) a 70 ± 2% COD removal is achievable, applying an OLR of up to 15.32 kgCOD m −3 day −1 and an SLR of 3.83 kgCOD kgVSS −1 day −1 , respectively. Conventional operation and mesophilic temperature increase improved COD removal efficiency (≤96%) while sCOD concentration met the European COD effluent standards. COD:CH 4 conversion reached 0.31 ± 0.07 m 3 CH 4 kgCOD removed −1 ; COD:biogas estimated 0.45 ± 0.06 m 3 gas kgCOD removed −1 , ∼300% higher than the acclimation period. Operation remained stable at OLR −3 day −1 , which corresponds to an SLR of 4.8 kgCOD kgVSS −1 day −1 . This limit results in an Alk bicarb .:Alk tot ∼ 0.31 and a pH ∼ 6.51, an irreversible status that demonstrates the limits of anaerobic treatment of winery wastewater with this reactor setup.

Stray animals such as dogs and cats have an important role in maintaining the transmission cycles and dissemination of Toxoplasma gondii. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of T. gondii in stray dogs and cats in six different regions of Panama and determine risk factors associated with the dynamics of infection in each of the studied regions. Data were obtained using serological tests for the detection of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies. The results of this study revealed an overall infection frequency of 23.73%. The infection frequencies found in dog and cat populations were 25.70% and 21.93% respectively, showing no statistically significant difference. Risk factor correlations suggested different infection dynamics depending on the region analyzed. The San Miguelito, North and West regions were more associated with positive cases in dogs with an age range greater than 13 months. Conversely, the Metro, Central and East regions were more associated with negative cases in cats with age ranging between 0 and 5 months. Infection of the parasite in stray animals can be influenced by intrinsic characteristics of each region, which can potentiate different risk factors associated with the different routes of transmission.