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The cross-sectional study was carried out in two high schools (one rural and the other one urban) with the aim of assessing the differences in oral health behavior between the two samples of teenagers. Materials and methods: An original questionnaire containing 17 questions was used in the study, which was completed by 251 adolescents aged between 15-17 years. Results: Healthy behaviors were found, such as a high percentage of teenagers who brushed their teeth 2 times a day (71.0% in rural and 75.0% in urban area) and the occasional consumption of carbonated drinks by 65.5% of young people from rural area and 55.5% of those from urban area. Unhealthy behaviors were represented by 51.4% of young people from rural area and 43% from urban area who addressed to the dental office only in case of pain, with the last visit being more than one year ago for 58.0% of rural teenagers and 53.5% of urban teenagers. A percentage of 40.9% of urban adolescents declared using mouthwash, while the highest percentage of rural adolescents (42.9%) did not reported using any additional method. An increased daily consumption of cariogenic products several times a day was reported by approximately the same percentage of urban and rural teenagers (49.4% and 42.1%, respectively). In conclusion, the study results indicate differences between the two social areas, with dental visits only in case of pain, dental anxiety, smoking and the prevalence of untreated caries found in the highest percentage among teenagers from rural areas.

Dental practitioners are at a high risk of occupational infections, but some of them do not comply with infection control practices very well. The aim of the present study was to assess the risk perception of work-related infections and the corresponding preventive measures among dental students in Iasi, Romania. Material and methods: Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study included 90 subjects aged 22-28 years, attending years 4th, 5th and 6th of the Faculty of Dental Medicine within the “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Iasi. Results: Wearing of personal protective equipment was reported by a percentage between 20% and 88% of the students. Half of the investigated students reported that they always perform hand hygiene after dental procedures The potential risk of transmission of blood-borne pathogens in the dental office was correctly estimated by 23% of students for HBV, 26% for HCV, and 33% for HIV. A percentage of 73% of study participants declared that they received full HBV vaccine, and 60% of students were not sure about what they must do in case of an accident with exposure to blood. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest the need for continuous information and a better awareness of young practitioners on work-related infections and preventive measures in dentistry.

Poor oral health can have significant consequences on the overall condition of an elderly person, affecting basic functions such as eating, speaking, and even social interactions. As they age, patients often face a range of specific oral health issues, such as tooth loss, gingivitis, periodontal disease, or dry mouth, which can significantly affect their quality of life. Pain, discomfort, and difficulty in chewing or swallowing food can lead to malnutrition and weight loss, negatively impacting general health and energy levels. Besides the impact on nutrition, oral health problems can influence both the physical appearance and the self-esteem of the patient. Moreover, oral health status can generate social anxiety, which may lead to isolation and depression. Education about proper oral hygiene, regular visits to the dentist for assessment and treatment, as well as adopting a healthy lifestyle that promotes oral health, such as quitting smoking and limiting the consumption of sugar-rich foods are important aspects in the care of oral health and improving the quality of life for elderly patients. The OHIP-14 (Oral Health Impact Profile) index is a tool used to assess the impact of oral health on quality of life. The questions in the OHIP-14 index address various aspects of oral health, including dental pain and discomfort, masticatory functionality, the psychosocial impact of dental problems, and the overall health-related impact. The scores obtained can be used to quantify the impact of dental problems on quality of life and to monitor the evolution over time of the patient’s health status.

We have lately noticed an increase of illegal drug consumption among young people. This phenomenon is associated to acute and chronic health problems worsened by diverse factors such as the properties of substances, the way of administration, the vulnerability of the individual and the social context in which drugs are used. Drugs affect general health by causing psychiatric disorders, cardiovascular and neurological diseases and, in the case of high quantities, even coma and death. These substances inevitably have effects on the oral cavity from rampant caries, severe xerostomia to periodontal disease, perforation of the nasal septum and palate, and to leukoplakia and oral cancer. From the viewpoint of dental treatment, we must envisage an interdisciplinary approach with the psychiatrist, psychologist and internist. The quality of life of these individuals is impaired due to the impact of these substances not only on their health but also on the psychological side through the appearance of emotional, mental and social disorders represented by marginalization and the lack of integration into society. Among the illicit drugs, alcohol and marijuana are less damaging for health as compared to cocaine and crack cocaine which may result in serious and sometimes lethal diseases.

Aim of the study Disability does not annul the right of an individual to receive qualitative health care, which includes oral and dental care; instead, it should actually increase the attentiveness of caregivers and medical providers regarding oral hygiene and treatment measures, considering the high risks of this category of population. Especially in the case of children and adolescents, population with a high prevalence of different types of disabilities, oral and dental care is often disregarded. This study aims to review current information in literature referring to disabled children and adolescents and the management of oral and dental care in the context of their quality of life. Material and methods A literature review was performed, after evaluating recent articles and studies, using the search terms: children, adolescents, disability, dental care. Results Inclusion of disabled individuals and their integration in society is more and more present, leading to concern regarding healthcare needs in general, and oral and dental care needs in particular. Since children and adolescents with disabilities present a greater risk for dental caries and periodontal pathology, efforts are made to prevent and properly manage these conditions. Conclusions Special needs dentistry benefits from the incredible evolution of social perception on disability, as well as technological and medical development available. Nevertheless, in our country, oral healthcare and dental prevention programs aimed at children and adolescents with disability are scarce, underlying an urgent need to develop and implement national strategies and plans to fulfil the worldwide current objective of a caries-free population.

Young adults represent the age group with the highest ability to understand the need of maintaining good oral health and the highest chance to adopt correct oral hygiene behaviors. Great attention should also be paid to risk factors for oral conditions, especially sugary aliments intake, which creates a suitable environment for developing dental caries. Young adults should be aware about the importance of reducing the frequency of consumption of these aliments. Smoking has negative effects on both general and oral health. It creates and maintains conditions favorable for developing oral diseases. Quitting smoking should be seen as an important recommendation, to ensure good oral health and quality of life. The impairment of oral health is strongly connected with quality of life. To quantify the impact of oral health on quality of life, the OHIP-14 questionnaire is widely used. Regarding the severity of the impact oral conditions have on quality of life, the most accused domains by subjects are physical pain, psychological discomfort and psychological disability. Oral health is directly influenced by caries experience, OHRQoL being lower as the caries prevalence is higher. To quantify the prevalence of dental caries, the DMFT index is one of the most used indicators. It evaluates, on one hand, the caries experience, and on the other hand, the exact number of decayed, missing and filled teeth. OHRQoL is a mandatory toll that helps understand the impact of oral conditions on general health. Both the OHIP-14 questionnaire and the DMFT index, are a real help to quantify the connection between oral conditions, most common of them being dental caries, and their negative effects on general health and on quality of life.

The most serious issue confronting young institutionalized individuals is aggression towards them, as well as a loss of self-esteem as a result of a lack of respect for others. The eruption of the third molar is a major problem in young patients who need oral rehabilitation. The complexity of the clinical cases from the point of view of the necessary dental, endodontic, periodontal and surgical treatments requires the realization of provisional removable partial denture to restore the functions of the oral cavity until the completion of the jaw growth and dental eruptions. The oral rehabilitation by fixed and removable dentures, associated with the eruption stage of the third molar, requires special attention in terms of establishing the prosthetic treatment, choosing materials so as to ensure resistance, a good stability and maintenance on the prosthetic field as well as the possibility of cutting in the distal area to ensure a space for the eruption of the molar.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge of resident dentists and new graduates regarding the etiology, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of the main medical emergency conditions. The study included a sample of 152 new graduates and residents in the first, second, and third year of training in Prosthodontics and General Dentistry from the Faculty of Dental Medicine in Iasi, Romania. Their level of knowledge and the attitudes were assessed using a questionnaire with 24 questions, divided into four sections. The differences among groups were identified using the chi-square test (p < 0.05). A high level of knowledge was found among the three groups of subjects for the questions regarding the recognition of clinical signs in hypoglycemic crisis (88–100%), in anaphylactic shock (83.3–94.5%), and the treatment of angina pectoris (76.2–84.2%). In contrast, a low level of knowledge was found for the questions regarding pulse evaluation in the case of an emergency (26.3–35.7%), the parameters of normal breathing (28.9–43%), and the treatment of hypoglycemic crisis (27.8–44.8%). The study indicated that the dentists had a moderate understanding of dental office medical emergencies and preferred practical training over theoretical courses.

The instruments that evaluate the health-related quality of life are extremely useful in the medical practice and research since they allow the full approach of patient’s general status. They come in the shape of questionnaires whose usage may be carried out either by creating one’s own questionnaire or by translating one from the literature. Regardless of the chosen method, the questionnaire must meet a series of characteristics that may make it easy to understand and use. In the field of dentistry, indicators falling into several categories have been validated: some of them address the population groups of different ages; others address the evaluation of therapeutic needs while others appreciate the impact determined by the specific oral disorders. Out of the multitude of indicators that may be found in the literature, those that are frequently used in population studies stand out due to their superior psychometric characteristics, limited scales and easy codification possibilities. A special category is represented by the indicators for the assessment of oncologic patient’s life quality, and instruments that explore the diverse facets of this disorder are validated such as post-irradiation sequels, complications of the surgical treatment, and the impact on the general health state. Another utility of these instruments refer to the possibility of identification of the oral disorders and the therapeutic needs in persons that cannot come to the dental office, such as the disabled and the institutionalized elderly.

The absence of one or multiple teeth can be remedied through the utilization of removable partial dentures, which possess a similar aesthetic quality to natural teeth and generally present a less intrusive and more cost-effective alternative to other tooth replacement options. Removable partial dentures serve as an excellent esthetic remedy for lost teeth and a suitable interim solution prior to the implementation of more extensive periodontic treatments. The denture base not only functions as a cornerstone for the denture, providing stability and retention within the mouth but also must be created from biocompatible materials, poses no risk in the oral cavity and to closely resemble the patient’s natural gum color and shape.

Digital technology has been created to minimize therapy times for both clinicians and dental technicians, as well as to reduce the number of errors that occur with traditional methods. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the technological processes of achieving metal-ceramic dentures in the context of full-arch rehabilitation on four implants, following the stages imposed by the digital systems in the dental technique laboratory. Digital laboratory techniques were used to aesthetically restore prosthetic restoration on implants. Among the devices used in the process of performing the works on the implant, we can mention the following: Scanner, 3D printers, laser milling and sintering devices, parallelograph, etc. Prosthodontic restorations on implants provide protection for the tissues at the level of the oral cavity. Maintaining the health of the oral cavity is a main objective of improving the quality of life. From indications point of view, depending on the clinical situation, we can say that metal-ceramic prosthesis is more indicated in extended edentations, due to resistance to fracture.

Dental anxiety is a phrase used to describe the fear or stress determined by dental treatments. This narrative review aims to highlight some epidemiologic aspects of the phenomenon while searching medical databases for researches relating to the topic of dental anxiety in adolescents. Adolescence represents a period of transition illustrated by changes both at physical level and behavior and personality levels. Anxiety disorders are frequent at this age and they may affect school performance, the relationships with one’s family and friends. Dental anxiety is associated with certain trigger factors such as needles or sometimes the simple sight of the dental instruments. Although most patients have a low level of dental anxiety, literature mentions the percentage of 11% for the prevalence of severe dental anxiety and 90% for low anxiety. Most studies show that the female patients are more anxious than the male patients. Among the dental procedures, the ones involving oral surgery, including tooth extraction and local anesthesia, remain the most incriminated trigger factors. This paper also presents the most known questionnaires used in current practice that help the dentist identify anxious patients as well as the etiology of this phenomenon.

The understanding of the oral rehabilitation principles leads to a complex approach of the patient, giving optimal aesthetic, biomechanical and biological results. The patient plays an important role in terms of taking responsibility for the aesthetic aspect. Restoring the aesthetic function involves knowledge of the facial parameters, the principles of restoring facial harmony as well as the geometric proportion of the artificial teeth. The aim of this study is to emphasize the importance of the patient’s evaluation, based on the esthetic rehabilitation, the patient’s perception and the clinician evaluation, so as to ensure the success of the prosthodontic treatment. Conception of the treatment The patients have been analyzed starting from diagnosis and rehabilitation possibilities so as to design the therapeutic concept. Before the beginning of the clinical stages, the evaluation of the patient must be done rigorously, using the current paraclinical investigation techniques. Discussions The success of the prosthetic treatment, from an aesthetic standpoint, requires knowing the patient’s personality in order to predict the degree of psychological acceptance of the prosthetic restoration. The aspect of the edentation is reflected on the patient’s behavior in society, by affecting the self-image and personality. Conclusion The notion of aesthetic or unaesthetic can be interpreted differently, depending on the degree of culture and perception of the notion of “beauty and symmetry”.

Oral rehabilitation with removable denture is associated with an increased risk of caries, periodontal disorders, as well as the accentuated resorption of the edentulous ridges, when the adaptation and the forces which are developed on the prosthetic field are not equally distributed. The elements that influence the prognosis of the prosthetic treatment, of the oral rehabilitation, are essential regarding the evolution, from the standpoint of the health of the stomatognat system’s parts. The tissues that come into direct contact with removable dentures are the most vulnerable, so there is a significant risk of developing a pathology or a complication of an already existing pathology. The risk of complications is directly proportional to the degree of adaptation of removable dentures. Without a periodic reassessment of the patient and possible maintenance treatments, the health of the tissues of the oral cavity could be deteriorated.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to validate the Romanian version of the SAQLI, which is a health-related quality of life questionnaire specific for OSA patients. Material and methods: All patients completed the following questionnaires: Romanian version of SAQLI, Epworth and FOSQ scale. The psychometric properties (internal consistency, construct validity, repeatability) of the SAQLI wich consist in four domains: daily function, social interactions, emotional function and symptoms. Results: 30 patients were included for study (mean age: 62 ±10, with an Epworth scale of 10±2, mean of FOSQ was 79 ±12). Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha between 0.72 to 0.89) and validity for Epworth scale and FOSQ were appropriate. Conclusions: The Romanian version of the SAQLI is a valid quality of life measurement with appropriate psychometric properties for use in patients with OSA.

ABSTRACT The proportion of older people continues to grow worldwide, especially in developing countries. Poor oral health among older people has been seen in a high level of tooth loss, dental caries experience, high prevalence rates of periodontal disease, xerostomia, and oral precancer/cancer. Although all countries face the problem of an aging population, there are differences due to factors such as: health insurance, economic development, social and cultural characteristics. The purpose of this review study is to report disparities in countries in different geographical region. On the other hand, the lack of national epidemiological data on the oral status of this population requires the implementation of epidemiological programmes and strategies towards improved oral health of older people.

Providing a long-term survival both for dental tissue and bonding restoration is one of the current therapeutic objectives. Objective. To use a combined technique of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) to a freshly cut dentin and indirect bonding restoration. Material and methods. Vital lateral teeth with extensive coronary destruction, with incorrectly adapted amalgam/composite fillings and deficient occlusal morphology were treated by applying IDS and all-ceramic onlay. Discussion. The clinical-technological algorithm used in our clinical cases is well-known and included tooth preparations, impression making, provisionalization, laboratory fabrication and adhesive cementation. In all cases, the vitality of the teeth was preserved and there were no signs of hypersensitivity in the near future after the final fixing of the all-ceramic onlay. Conclusions. The association of the IDS technique with indirect bonding onlay in the treatment of extensive coronary lesions of the molars allows preservation of their vitality, ensures their increased resistance over time, preservation of a stable occlusion and even periodontal protection by precise rendering of the crown morphology, occlusal and interproximal contacts.

The aim of the present study was to assess the compliance with protective gloves in young dental practitioners in Iasi, Romania, in correlation with their knowledge on infection control. Material and methods: Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study included 70 subjects aged 22-28 years, attending years IV, V and VI of the Faculty of Dental Medicine within the “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Iasi. Results: 83.33% of the respondents reported they wear protective gloves for all patients, regardless of the procedure and 65% of them change gloves after each patient. 55% of the subjects stated they wash their hands both before applying and after removing the gloves. 20% of the students said they had received full vaccination against hepatitis B and 42% of them rated the risk of hepatitis B transmission in the dental office as moderate. Conclusion: Additional training programs targeting young dental practitioners are required for a better implementation of the Universal/Standard Precautions.

White spot lesions are defined as demineralization of the enamel surface, which does not form cavities and can be reversible. The resin infiltration technique has been used successfully in dentistry, preventing the evolution of dental caries in an early stage. ICON is a commercially available infiltration resin with low viscosity, consisting of a resin matrix based on methacrylate, initiators, and additives. One of the considerable advantages of this product is that it does not require the preparation of lesions, the treatment being atraumatic and without the use of anesthesia. The purpose of this presentation is to evaluate the aesthetic, functional efficacy of infiltration resin for a patient, immediately after treatment.

Oral health, as an important part of general health, may negatively influence individuals’ quality of life. In recent decades, many instruments for oral health-related quality of life assessment have been developed. These are usually represented by questionnaires evaluating psychological, physical, material or social aspects and the results allow an analysis of the factors involved or how the individual perceives his own oral health status. A socio-dental evaluation system is also useful in the process of treatment needs assessment and may increase its usefulness in oral healthcare planning.

The aim of the present study was to assess the compliance of young dental practitioners in Iasi, Romania, regarding protective gloves. Material and methods Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study included 70 students attending the years 4, 5 and 6 of the Faculty of Dental Medicine within the “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Iasi. Self-administered questionnaire contained 10 questions with closed answer, single or multiple. Results 83.33% of the respondents used protective gloves for all the patients and procedures, 55% of them washed their hands before and after gloves application and 60% presented intolerance reactions to latex gloves. Conclusion Compliance of the investigated dental students with wearing protective gloves can be considered good, but additional training programs on infection control measures for young practitioners would be useful in order to protect patients and also to benefit from safe working conditions.

The mechanical properties of artificial teeth play an important role in the long-term functionality of removable partial prosthesis or complete dentures. Aim: To highlight the behavior of acrylic teeth according to the speed of mass wear rate. Materials and method: There were used the upper central incisors made industrially from methyl polymethacrylate from different manufacturers. The mass loss was calculated using an analytical balance, before and after each determination. Results: The use of 20 N and 30 N forces for acrylic teeth corresponding to commercial Acry Rock and Eray Deluxe products has similar values. Low values resulted in the case of commercial products Acry Plus (F = 20 N) and Quint Plus (F = 30 N). Conclusions: In addition to the composition of acrylic teeth, layering plays a key role in providing wear resistance.

The European health systems have developed starting from two different models, namely the Beveridge model and Bismark model, respectively, each of them having different funding and organization. At its turn, the oral health system, as an integrating part of the national system, shows some characteristics and particularities favorable or not to the patients and professionals in this field. The aim of this paper is to compare the oral health system of different European countries by means of the oral health indicators (DMFT at 12-year-olds, percentage of totally edentate people) and economic indicators (GDP percentage for health, dentists’ annual average wages, and oral health expenses per inhabitant). Moreover, the study lays focus on the distribution of professionals in the selected European countries while comparing the official statistic data in terms of density of dentists, and the ratio between the number of medical technicians and assistants and the number of physicians. The conclusion of the study shows that Romania occupies the last place in terms of GDP funding (0.3 %vs. 0.85% in Germany) and registers the highest value for DMFT index at 12-year-olds (2.4 versus 0.7 in Sweden and the Great Britain). Despite all that, in Romania, the profession of a dentist is considered as sufficiently attractive, the proof being the indicator showing specialists’ density for 100,000 inhabitants, namely 83.5 in Romania, a value that is close to the European Union mean -88/100,000 inhabitants.

The aim of the present study was to determine the dental treatment needs of schoolchildren aged 12 years in Iasi, Romania, and to determine whether there is a socioeconomic disparity in their distribution. Material and methods: the study cross-sectional included 402 schoolchildren aged 12 years. The children were clinically examined and the dental surfaces were scored using Full ICDAS criteria. Parents’ occupation, income and number of members in the family were considered to determine socioeconomic status (SES) of the family. Results: the most frequent treatment need was single-surface filling (2,06±2.18 teeth/subject), followed by multi-surface filling (0.93±0.75 teeth/subject) and endodontic therapy (0.31±0.16 teeth/subject). The treatment needs were much higher in the low SES group than in the high SES group (p < 0.01) and strong inverse correlations were found between SES and dental treatment needs. Conclusion: extensive preventive programs are needed to reduce the level of unmet dental treatment needs of schoolchildren in Iasi.

Professional activity of a dental practitioner is widely recognized not only for the excessive biomechanical stress of the spine and the peripheral joints, but also for the high percentage of axial and peripheral musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors and their consequences on the cervical spine in a cohort of dental practitioners who are currently involved in endodontic therapy. We included 30 dentists who worked daily in private offices in Iasi and in the Iasi county area. They were classified as belong to group A or B based on specific ergonomic criteria. We performed a complex analysis of all the participants in the current study based on a standard questionnaire aiming to identify if specific ergonomic measures may positively influence the musculoskeletal morbidity in dental practitioners. the endodontic field of the professional activity also generates different pathological conditions at this level. As a consequence, chronic pain, paresthesias, decreased muscle strength developed on a background of X-ray modifications including the malalignment of the cervical spine and degenerative disco-vertebral processes are commonly reported among dental practitioners, especially in those performing their daily activities in a non-ergonomic environment.

The prosthetic treatment of edentation must be considered a result of the comparative analysis between the biofunctional advantages and disadvantages entailed by the case. The absent of teeth are one of the common problems encountered in the dental clinics. The extraoral clinical examination show the aspects that individualize the prosthetic treatment plan finding an already existing pathology such as muscle dysfunction, TMJ dysfunctions which limit the opening of the mouth and lateral deviation. The starting point of the disorders, their etiology, the degree of morphological and functional impairment, as well as their evolutionary trend are established by taking into account the dysfunctions of the stomatognatic system. The appearance of some neighboring disorders which can interfere with the clinical manifestations of the dysfunctional syndrome leads to the necessity to put a differential diagnostic of a disease in the surrounding areas.

Oral health is currently based on objective measures such as the presence and severity of dental caries and periodontal disease. In the last years, researchers and dentists have shown increasing interest in a widened array of physical, psychological, and social factors found to influence patients’ oral health. Being a nowadays dentist means valuing health promotion and disease prevention, as well as the use of empathy, deep listening, and appreciation of the patient’s intrinsic motivation and unique psychosocial history. Coaching requires from the dentist to integrate the art of social interaction with the cognitive elements of psychology and the science of dental medicine. In this article we analyze health coaching approach, and how different levels of coaching from student to dentist to patient can influence and improve health communication, encourage effective health-promoting behavior change and improve the lives off all implied.

The cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 on a sample of 112 students at the Faculty of Dental Medicine of Iasi, Romania, with the aim to assess the stress level perceived by the students in the 3rd, 4th and 5th year of study. Material and methods: For this study I used my own questionnaire adapted after the Dental Environmental Stress scale. Results: 68% of the students mentioned the lack of free time, 65% said the curriculum is too vast and the timetable is too tight, and 63% did not have a positive opinion about university’s rules and regulations. There are statistically significant differences in terms of gender distribution, in the sense that female students are more stressed than male students, and the 3rd year students considered, by comparison to the students in the 4th and 5th years of study, that the biggest source of stress is determined by their academic performance and the difficulty to acquire practical skills. Only 24% of the whole sample did not complain about any physical or psychological problems caused by stress. In conclusion, the results of the study should trigger a change of the academic curriculum through the reduction of the number of classes for certain subjects which do not have specialized practical training and reconsideration of the rigid regulations of the university.

The interest in clinical epidemiology has increased considerably lately, and the application of epidemiological methods in the clinical activity is an aspect that takes into account the medical staff, as well as hospital managers and political makers. Assessment of a population health status requires the use of descriptive epidemiological studies, which allow evaluation of the prevalence of a disease, or of analytical studies, which are more complex and allow evaluation of the causal relationship between the disease and the risk factors. Moreover, clinical trials, the only experimental epidemiological studies, when well conducted and structured, can lead to the emergence of new drugs, dental materials or curative interventions, more efficient and possibly at reasonable costs.

Anxiety is frequently associated to dental care and the identification of anxious patients is highly important for the correct and safe therapeutic management of them. The aim of this study is the identification the level of dental anxiety of a group of patients addressing the dental care office within the Faculty of Dental Medicine of Iasi. Material and method: The cross-sectional study was carried out in 2019 on a sample of 53 patients aged between 18 and 64. To appreciate the anxiety level and the causes of this phenomenon, we used a specially designed questionnaire: Dental Anxiety Assessment Questionnaire. The data were statistically processed by SPSS.17 software for Windows. Results: Most patients, namely 52.8% consider that before their dental treatment they face a state of anxiety, 49% say they have a moderate anxiety level and only 15% consider themselves as severely anxious. The most frequent cause of this dental phobia correlates either with a traumatizing dental experience in the past (43.3%), or with their contact with a dentist lacking empathy (28.3%). Among the dental maneuvers, dental extraction is considered as the one inducing the highest stress level, while the fear of injection and pain represents the main reasons for dental anxiety. Conclusions: This study highlights the characteristics of dental anxiety in adult patients and identifies a common clinical picture of the anxious patient. The purpose of our study is also to inform the medical community about the frequency of this phenomenon and thus to prevent the negative situations that might appear during the specialized treatment of these subjects.

Before conceiving a treatment plan that provided the application of prosthetic works or dental implants, the establishment of a diagnosis is extremely important in order to identify the possible metabolic disorders. The involution process that occurs in old age is obvious but it has significant individual differences regarding the complexity and the high specializion of the structures. The aim of the performed study is to identify the essential parameters that characterize the influence of the general diseases in the appearance of the disturbances determined by edentation in the oral environment for the lots of analyzed patients. The clinical study, corroborated with the paraclinical data showed the presence of a tight correlation between the parodontal disease and/or the precocious appearance of edentation and some systemic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, pulmonary pathology and osteoporosis, results that were also confirmed by those existent on the international level in the specialize literature.

This paper aims to highlight the burnout syndrome among dentists, this phenomenon that affects between 22.2% and 55% of dentists, according to the data in the specialized literature. Besides the physical phenomena expressed by chronic fatigue, the syndrome determines and disturbs the behaviors with consequences like: absenteeism, alcohol and drug abuse, low performance. Psychological consequences include anxiety, depression, fatigue, dissatisfaction towards one’s own life. Pathological symptoms are heart diseases, cerebral strokes, digestive diseases such as gastric and duodenal ulcer, headaches and diverse infections. The most frequent risk factor incriminated is the overload at the workplace, followed by others, like: emotional factors, time since qualification, educational status and experience. Prevention of this phenomenon includes better time management, relaxation, maintaining an emotional balance and a mental well-being.

The prosthodontic restoration are intended to restore the original morphology of the arch and to be resistant to conditions in the oral cavity, dimensionally stable of the tissues, and tissue compatible. The aim of prosthetic treatment is to replace lost tissue and avoid, or at least reduce, all the functional disorders that occure because of tooth loss. Matherial and method Different types of dentures was used for different topographic situations in a partially edentulous dentition. Results and discussion Under the pressure of tooth migration, the bony alveolar wall opposing the edentulous space is broken down. Conclusion Management of tooth wear is an integral part of treatment planning

The aim of this study was to perform quantitative and qualitative assessment of salivary secretion within a group of young adults. Materials and methods: the study included 130 patients aged 19-22 years, attending the Faculty of Dental Medicine at the U.M.Ph. “Grigore T. Popa” in Iasi. The subjects were clinically examined for the DMFT, CPITN and API indices assessment, as well as for stimulated salivary flow rate and saliva buffer capacity. Results: 34% of the subjects had a medium oral hygiene. The mean DMFT index was 9.46. 60% of the subjects had supra/subgingival calculus. 92.31% of the subjects had a normal salivary secretion rate and 77% of them had a normal saliva buffer capacity. Correlations were found between the clinical indicators of oral health status and the salivary parameters. Conclusion: detecting host-related risk factors may be one of the basic elements in the control and prediction of dental caries.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge of the students attending the Faculty of Dental Medicine in Iasi regarding the HIV/AIDS infection. Material and method: The cross-sectional study included 124 students from the 4th and 6th years who filled in a specially designed questionnaire consisting of 20 questions on two aspects: the first one refers to HIV transmission pathways and the risk of transmission in the dental office, and the second one refers to the oral lesions associated with this disease. The results demonstrate that some of the issues are correctly assimilated by the students of both years of study, as more than 80% of them marked the correct answer (concerning blood, sexual, maternal-fetal transmission routes, as well as the association between fungal infections, Kaposi’s sarcoma and AIDS). However, there were questions with a very low correct response rate (below 50%), concerning the transmission via the saliva or via the contact of infected blood with the nasal, oral or ophthalmic mucosa, as well as the herpetic and cytomegalovirus-associated infections as oral lesions manifest in the HIV infected patient. Surprisingly, only 29.5% of the interviewed subjects knew the post-exposure prophylaxis method. In conclusion, the study underlines the need of introducing new programs and lectures on this topic, with an accent on the practical aspects specific to the dental office activity.

Aim of the study. The aim of this study was to assess dentists’ knowledge in preventing infection transmission, after having participated in professional training courses. Material and methods: 127 dentists from Iasi, Romania, aged 25-65 years, were investigated using a 14 item questionnaire with simple / multiple responses. Results: 66.5% of the investigated dentists were familiar with the elements included in the concept of preventing the infection transmission in the dental office. 90% of the subjects knew the complete post-exposure protocol for accidental contamination with infected blood, but only 36.8% of those surveyed knew the substances used for high-level disinfection. Conclusion: The main methods and techniques for the prevention of infection transmission in dental medicine are known by most of the investigated practitioners, but further training programs are required in the area to increase the level of knowledge.

Background and Objectives: Alveolar ridge augmentation in the complex bone defect is a popular topic in implantology. Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is one of the most commonly applied methods to reconstruct alveolar bone. The application of a membrane is the fundamental principle of GBR. There are many membrane types used in oral surgery, but the advantage of the titanium mesh is the rigidity which provides space maintenance and prevents contour collapse. The smooth surface also reduces bacterial contamination. Using computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) in dentistry allows us to obtain the perfect architecture form of the mesh, which covers and protects the bone reconstruction. Case presentation: We present a surgical case of a 27-year-old female patient with severe aesthetic bone atrophy after a deficient odontectomy. Based on the GBR clinical applications, the technique consists of bone reconstruction and a customized titanium mesh application. Using mesh titanium in this case presentation was a reliable alternative to perform a lateral alveolar bone augmentation and reconstruct ridge deformities before reaching an ideal implant placement. Conclusions: According to our case report, the customized titanium mesh could be a valuable option for guided bone regeneration in aesthetic maxillary defects.

Background and Objectives: Study models are essential tools used in the dental teaching process. The aim of the present study was to compare the values obtained by manual and digital orthodontic measurements on physical and digital case study models. Materials and Methods: The physical experimental models were obtained by traditional pouring (improved stone-type IV gypsum products) and by additive manufacturing (resins). The digital experimental models were created by scanning the physical ones, using a white light-emitting diode (LED) source and an L-shaped dental scanner—Swing DOF (DOF, Seoul, Korea). The physical study models were first measured using a digital caliper, and then, they were scanned and evaluated using the DentalCad 3.0 Galway software (exocad GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany). The Pont, Linder–Harth, and Bolton indices, which are used in orthodontics for training students, were derived using the available data. Results: When comparing the linear measurement mean ranks taken on physical study models to those of digital models, no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were found. A similar result was also shown when the dentoalveolar growth indicators were analyzed. Conclusions: It can be concluded that dental study models made by direct light processing (DLP) and pouring type IV class gypsum are both acceptable for orthodontic teaching purposes.

Background and Objectives: The surface condition of the materials that are used for temporary prostheses influences their microbial colonization, with a direct impact on the oral tissues. This study aims at a comparative analysis of three types of resins for temporary bridges using conventional and digital technologies. The attention was focused on the analysis of the surface characteristics and mechanical strength of these materials. Materials and Methods: The surface condition was assessed for three distinct materials both before and after polishing- heat-curing resin Superpont C + B (SpofaDental, Jicin, Czech Republic) used unconventional technology, Zotion dental milling polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) block (Zotion, Chongqing, China) for provisional crowns/bridges used in digital subtractive technologies and Freeprint Temp (Detax GmbH & Co. KG, Ettlingen, Germany) resin for temporary crowns and bridges that are used in 3D printing technologies. The two-way ANOVA analysis indicated that polishing leads to a statistically significant increase in roughness coefficients for all the three resins that were tested (p < 0.001). While the highest roughness coefficients were displayed in the 3D cured sample, the largest decrease was reported by the milled sample Results: The results revealed that surface roughness was significantly influenced by both the type of resin that was used (p < 0.001) and the treatment that was induced by finishing and polishing (p < 0.001). Similar p-values were obtained for each of the three resins. Conclusions: The results demonstrated a significant optimization of the surfaces after finishing and polishing and statistically significant differences between the surface parameters and the mechanical properties of the samples. The low values of the roughness and the acceptable values of the mechanical resistance for the conventional samples indicate these materials for the long-term temporary bridge’s realization, allowing the correct restoration of the functions and the rehabilitation at the oral level.

Background and Objectives: Dentists play a very important part in the early identification of oral cancer lesions. This aspect of dental practice depends on the knowledge acquired during the faculty years. The aim of this study was to assess dental students’ and residents’ levels of awareness in terms of oral cancer. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Dental Medicine within the “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Iasi, on a sample of 197 students in the fourth and the fifth years and first year residents in general dentistry. To assess their knowledge, a questionnaire was created containing 22 questions about the risk factors for oral cancer, with a focus on HPV infection. Results: Most participants correctly identified smoking, alcohol, and the HPV infection as risk factors and leukoplakia and erythroplasia as potentially malignant lesions. At the opposite site, aspects considered as unsatisfactory focused on the palpation of lymphatic nodules, a procedure largely carried out by 41.6% of the fourth year students, the counseling only of the patients at risk performed by 59.7% of residents, the lack of knowledge about the prevention of oral cancer through anti-HPV immunization found in 39.7% of the fifth year students. Other incorrect answers focused on other types of suspicious lesions, such as actinic cheilitis, as well as certain areas in the oral cavity subject to the frequent onset of oral cancer, such as buccal mucosa. Conclusions: Although the fifth year students and residents have better knowledge than the fourth year students, the gaps in terms of knowledge and practice encountered in all three categories of participants require a reevaluation of the academic curriculum and the focus on the building of the skills necessary for the correct screening of oral cancer.

The aim of the present study was to assess the oral and food hygiene habits of school children in Iasi in order to establish the necessary preventive measures. Material and methods: The study was cross-sectional and included 533 children aged between 7 and 12 years in Iasi. For the assessment of food hygiene habits, a questionnaire was used to record food consumption over a 4-day period. For oral hygiene assessment, the Silness-Löe bacterial plaque index was used. Results: the highest percentage of the children (43.71%) declared a moderate consumption of carbohydrates. Most of the investigated subjects (61.16%) declared a high frequency of sugar consumption. 45.59% of the children in the study had a less good oral hygiene. Conclusion: The results of the study highlight the need for effective oral health education, addressed not only to children but also to parents and teachers.

Oral rehabilitation involves complex procedures, especially when the edentation is biterminal. The loss of occlusal surfaces leads to important changes on the dento-periodontal and muco-osseous level that is also associated with the collapse of the occlusal vertical dimension and the modification of the centric relation landmarks.Aim The study is focused on detecting the complex oral rehabilitation methods in the case of extended partial edentation, as well as customizing the therapeutic algorithm depending on local and loco-regional factors and the clinical aspects that may influence the final therapeutic option.Material and method The evaluation of the therapeutic algorithm as part of the complex oral rehabilitation of partial edentulous patients has been performed focusing on the comparative aspects between various therapeutic solutions, explaining and correlating the positive, respectively the negative morphofunctional aspects which influence the oral rehabilitation solution. Results and discussions In order to obtain a complex oral rehabilitation, the functions of the stomatognathic system must be restored so as to result in compatibility between the aspect of the oral tissues and the rehabilitation solution. The partial removable dentures must be compatible from biological and physiological point of view with the elements of the prosthetic field and must restore the esthetical function. Conclusions The variety of the therapeutic alternatives must observe the patient’s requirements and the local biological aspects

The aim of the present study was to investigate the caries risk of schoolchildren in Iasi, Romania, using the cariogram program. Material and methods: the study was cross sectional, clinical and microbiological, and included 533 children aged 7 to 12 years, with various levels of socioeconomic status. Assessment of caries risk factors followed the protocol of the cariogram. Clinical and bacteriological assessments and questionnaires were used. Results: 35.81% of the children presented a high caries risk, and 36.78% – moderate caries risk. Caries risk decreased with increasing age and socioeconomic status. The DMFS index of 12-year-old children with high caries risk was 8.44 times higher than the DMFS index of children with low caries risk. Conclusion: The results of the study highlight the need for complex school-based caries preventive programs

Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) syndrome is considered nowadays to be a clinical problem in many countries. Aim. To determine the level of knowledge and the therapeutic attitudes of a group of dental practitioners concerning MIH syndrome. Material and Methods. The study was carried on a number of 75 questionnaires. To evaluate the statistical association between the results was applied the Pearson correlation test. Results. Around 70% of dental practitioners have dealt with MIH syndrome in their practice, even 64% of the respondents did not know which was the real prevalence of MIH syndrome. 83% of dental practitioners would choose direct reconstructions of the affected teeth with combinations of composite resins, glassionomer cements and modified glassionomer cements. Conclusions. The implementation of continuing medical education programs in the field of reference could contribute to the dissemination of the knowledge and to the correct therapeutic and clinical management of MIH syndrome

The aim of our study is to identify the risk factors involved in oral health in a group of students from 2 universities in Iasi with different profile, medical and non-medical and to highlight the cases with inappropriate health behavior. Material and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2016 and was selected a sample of 110 students from University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” (UMF) and University “Al.I.Cuza” (UAIC) of Iasi. The risk factors were assessed with a questionnaire with 12 questions divided in two sections: first section-dietary habits concerning sweet foods, carbonated drinks, fruits and vegetables consumption and oral hygiene, and other risk factors for oral health such as: smoking, alcohol consumption and dental check-ups, in second section. Results: There were no differences between students, regarding the consumption of cariogenic food, 28.8% students from UMF, compared to 29.9% students from UAIC. The daily drinking of carbonated drinks is an unhealthy habit among 3.4% of medical students and 7.8% non-medical young people. Regarding oral hygiene, there are more students from medical university who used mouthwash, 55.6% versus 43.5% and also for brushing after each meal, 13.3% compared to 3.9%. No significant differences were observed between groups for alcohol consumption, dental check-ups and the reasons for seeing a dentist. Conclusions: The knowledge and attitudes towards healthy life is not high correlated with the medical profile, because life style depends also on the family behavior, friends’ influences and educational role of the universities. This study highlights the importance of educational courses for health in university curriculum.

The Code of Ethics is a set of principles of professional conduct which establishes the requirements and expectations for dentists in fulfilling duties to their patients. In dentistry, ethical issues are present in every decision and unethical conduct seriously compromises the service to patients. Many dental organizations have published codes of ethical conduct to guide member dentists in their practice. In this article, the authors describe the most important principles of ethics, like: beneficence and non-maleficence, patient confidentiality, autonomy and consent, dental treatment for violent and HIV infected patients. They conclude that the malpractice has gained much interest in the past years and unfortunately, this aspect can become a legal issue. More specialized courses are required to make the right decisions regarding the diagnosis and treatment of patients.

Aim: is to evaluate dentists’ knowledge and attitude in relation to the management of the emergency treatment in the traumatic dental injury in children and teenagers as well as the level of parents’ information. Material and methods: We elaborated our own 23 question questionnaire that was distributed to a number of 151 dentists of Iasi, both general dentists and pediatric dentists. Results: The study results show that the generalists have less knowledge about the traumatic dental injury as compared to the pediatric dentists, and the level of information of the families is also reduced. We also identified other factors that may have negative effects on the successful treatment of these disorders such as the low professional expertise of the dentists, their attitude by avoiding such patients, the fear of failures and complications, the lack of cooperation from the part of parents or the cover of some additional costs. Conclusion: We consider as necessary the organization of continuous medical education courses on these topics and the introduction of oral health educational programmes in the school curriculum that might provide useful information both for parents and teachers.

The study aims at evaluating the satisfaction of the students at the Faculty of Dental Medicine in Iasi regarding their medical career. Material and methods: The study was carried out in 2016 by means of a questionnaire made up of 10 questions that was distributed to 115 students in the 5th and 6th year of study. Results: The reasons for choosing this career were first of all of economic and professional nature such as its independence and stability followed by the vocational aspects mentioned mainly by the female students. The options for professional accomplishment after graduation vary from the enrolling for the residency exam for 37.5% of students, the immediate beginning of the private activity for 36.5% to the migration abroad chosen by 26.1% of the study respondents. Conclusions: 69.6% of students declare they are satisfied by the educational process and the academic curriculum; however 80% of them consider that the number of practical activity hours should be increased to obtain the skills and abilities necessary for professional accomplishment. The satisfaction related to the student life was appreciated only by half of them, namely 51.3%. Key words: dental students, career satisfaction, career plans

The aim of our study is to identify the risk factors involved in oral health in a group of students from 2 universities in Iasi with different profile, medical and non-medical and to highlight the cases with inappropriate health behavior. Material and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2016 and was selected a sample of 110 students from University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” and University “Al.I.Cuza” of Iasi. The risk factors were assessed with a questionnaire with 12 questions divided in two sections: first section-dietary habits concerning sweet foods, carbonated drinks, fruits and vegetables consumption and oral hygiene, and other risk factors for oral health such as: smoking, alcohol consumption and dental check-ups, in second section. Results: There were no differences between students, regarding the consumption of cariogenic food, 28.8% students from UMF, compared to 29.9% students from UAIC. The daily drinking of carbonated drinks is an unhealthy habit among 3.4% of medical students and 7.8% non-medical young people. Regarding oral hygiene, there are more students from medical university who used mouthwash, 55.6% versus 43.5% and also for brushing after each meal, 13.3% compared to 3.9%. No significant differences were observed between groups for alcohol consumption, dental check-ups and the reasons for seeing a dentist. Conclusions: The knowledge and attitudes towards healthy life is not high correlated with the medical profile, because life style depends also on the family behavior, friends’ influences and educational role of the universities. This study highlights the importance of educational courses for health in university curriculum.