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Retinal blood vessel segmentation plays an important part in the early diagnosis and treatment of eye disease. It is a tool for ophthalmologists. Many diseases can be identified by examining manifestations and images of blood vessels, including diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, retinopathy due to hypertension, glaucoma and others. Early detection allows physicians to provide patients with effective treatment, while in the opposite case, the late detection of retinal disease can ultimately lead to blindness. One of the indices when examining the retina is an evaluation of blood vessels based on tortuosity, i.e. the degree of curvature of blood vessels. This article presents a comprehensive overview of all segmentation techniques for retinal blood vessel extraction from images taken with a fundus camera in adults and older children or with a RetCam fundus camera in new-borns and younger children over the last 10 years. An integral part of this review is a comprehensive overview with information on all available public and private databases with retinal images. The review includes an evaluation of segmentation techniques based on objectivization parameters, including information on all objectivization parameters used in this article. As already mentioned, the degree of curvature of retinal blood vessels is used to classify severity of blood vessels tortuosity. There is no uniform metric for determining tortuosity, but this review presents a comprehensive overview of all metrics and calculations used to determine the degree of tortuosity of retinal blood vessels. Web of Science 8 197816 197787

Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) are among the most common kidney diseases. They are solid stones that arise from minerals dissolved in urine. The treatment of kidney stones depends primarily on the position, size and composition of the stones, as well as on the general health condition of the patient. However, early diagnosis is quite complicated. In this paper, we propose a fully automatic hybrid method for identification and features extraction of the kidney stones. Specifically, model is based on the multiregional segmentation and approximation of the kidney stone area. Methods consequently use concept of the active contours which are focused on extraction of the geometrical features. The method remarkably allowing for an objective monitoring and classification of the kidney stones. These results may play a role to overcome conventionally used clinical procedures where clinicians mark kidney stones manually, without software feedback.

A tangible user interface or TUI connects physical objects and digital interfaces. It is more interactive and interesting for users than a classic graphic user interface. This article presents a descriptive overview of TUI's real-world applications sorted into ten main application areas-teaching of traditional subjects, medicine and psychology, programming, database development, music and arts, modeling of 3D objects, modeling in architecture, literature and storytelling, adjustable TUI solutions, and commercial TUI smart toys. The paper focuses on TUI's technical solutions and a description of technical constructions that influences the applicability of TUIs in the real world. Based on the review, the technical concept was divided into two main approaches: the sensory technical concept and technology based on a computer vision algorithm. The sensory technical concept is processed to use wireless technology, sensors, and feedback possibilities in TUI applications. The image processing approach is processed to a marker and markerless approach for object recognition, the use of cameras, and the use of computer vision platforms for TUI applications. Web of Science 21 13 art. no. 4258

In this paper, it was using segmentation based on Gabor transformation for extraction the retinal blood vessels. The algorithm has been applied on images from freely accessible DRIVE and STARE databases. The segmentation algorithm provides the possibility of automatic modeling and consequent extraction of the retinal vascular system. Resultant images are in the form of a binary map. An algorithm for calculating the value of the curvature of the retinal vessels and thus objectifying the tortuosity can be applied to these images.

The application of radiofrequency energy to the hepatic tissue is currently a unique opportunity to solution problem of trauma and tumor tissues. With the increasing incidence of colorectal cancer and with successful oncology treatments, the number of potential patients with hepatic metastases is increasing. Using the new methods and instruments in surgical therapy, it can greatly improve the quality of life of these patients. The proposed RONJA ICS semispherical bipolar radiofrequency instrument enables fast coagulation of subsurface and surface hepatic tissue for ablation of neoplasms. This device allows to reduce the amount of tissue removed in the liver during surgery, which was confirmed in preclinical tests. When performing a resection of hepatic tissue using a new semispherical device, it was also confirmed that this new method is effective and safe.

Electrogastrography (EGG) has a substantial importance for the clinical practice for examination of gastric disorders and the stomach function. From a view of the EGG signal processing, there is not a unified scheme for the EGG evaluation due to complex variable EGG representation. The most important issue of the EGG is an interference with other electrophysiological signals, particular attention is paid to the ECG (electrocardiography) signal. In this context, the Wavelet transformation gives satisfactory results. The main issue we have to deal with is an optimal setting of the Wavelet transformation for the EGG filtration. In this paper, we have proposed a novel scheme utilizing the modified Artificial Bee Colony algorithm with the goal of an optimal selection of the Wavelet filter design. Based on the ABC evolutionary process, we specify an optimal mother’s wavelet and the decomposition level for the ECG reduction. The optimization procedure has been objectively verified by using selected evaluation parameters.