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Abstract Background and purpose The workplace plays a key role in impacting the health and well-being of employees at various levels, including physical, psychological, and social aspects of health. This study aims to identify the drivers of a healthy environment that promotes the well-being of women employed in hospitals. Materials & methods This qualitative study used purposive sampling to recruit a total of 48 working women across a diverse range of participants with different job categories and socio-demographic statuses. These include clinical health (e.g., nurse, head nurse, practical nurse, supervisor, physicians); allied health (e.g., diagnostic services); public health (e.g., health promotion specialists); and administrative (e.g., hospital managers). Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using content analysis by creating codes, sub-themes, and themes. Results Content analysis resulted in 31 key codes, that generated 12 sub-themes and 4 key themes. These include Advancing women’s health through collaborative leadership; a Psychologically safe environment for women; Thriving for positive social connections; and Advancing holistic health for women. Discussion and Conclusion Hospital managers and leaders play a pivotal role in creating supportive workplaces for women. They can significantly assist in prioritizing their psychological and social health through personalized approaches tailored to women’s needs, positioning them as co-designers of their health and well-being.

Abstract Background Seafarers, especially those working for a prolonged period of time, are exposed to a high number of social, psychological and physical stressors including irregular working hours. Aim This study aims to identify important aspects of Asian seafarers’ psychosocial wellbeing and quality of sleep that could affect safety and health of the seafarers in long voyage tankers. Methods In this mixed method study, psychological health issues were investigated through semi-structured interviews with 17 Asian male seafarers. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. In the quantitative phase, 179 seafarers completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) on sleep quality. Results From the interviews, three categories consisting of six themes emerged, including sleep abnormalities, inevitable stressors, and lack of social communication. The majority of the seafarers believed that their quality of sleep was affected by their physical work environment and by issues raised by their families. As reasons for stress at sea, they mentioned the nature of the occupation and the psychosocial work environment. Most participants pointed out that lack of social communications had adverse effects on both their work lives on board and their private lives at home. In the quantitative phase, the response rate was 81.4%. Mean PSQI index was 5.9 (SD 2.6 and range from 2 to 14). Sleep impairment was higher in academic than non-academic individuals (p

Background: Different factors affect the success of standard operational procedures (SOPs). This study was conducted to explore the viewpoints of employees of Tehran Oil Refining Company about factors affecting the usability of SOPs. Methods: This qualitative study was a conventional content analysis research conducted on the oil refining company employers 2020, using the semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed by content analysis method using MAXQDA software. Results: The results showed that the employees had a positive perception toward the standard operating procedures and most of them used these procedures to improve work performance and reduce accidents. Also, from the viewpoint of the employees, organizational factors (desirable organizational culture, continuous supervision and evaluation and assurance of accurate implementation of instructions, and continuous personnel training), individual factors (positive perception of the personnel about the organization goals, rules obedience of the personnel, positive experiences of personnel from the implementation of instructions in the past), and environmental factors (environmental dynamics and their related SOP dynamics, desirable but formal relationships of managers and supervisors with personnel as well as optimal and standard work schedule) had a positive effect on the applicability of these procedures. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the employees, consider standard operating procedures of organizational, individual, and environmental factors effective in using standard operating instructions. Therefore, to increase the applicability of these procedures, the employees should consider their opinions.

Abstract Background Based on the World Health Organization (WHO), workplace violence can affect events where employees are abused, attacked or threatened in their workplace, and it also has some consequences such as safety, welfare, and health. Like other types of violence, workplace violence and aggression are an increasing phenomenon. Moreover, workplace violence not only disrupts interpersonal and organizational relationships, but it also impairs the persons self-esteem and affects their physical and mental health and well-being. Thus, this study aimed to explain the components of workplace violence against nurses from the perspective of women working in a hospital in Tehran, which was conducted through the qualitative method and content analysis. Methods In this study Purposive sampling included 21 female nurses who were working in different wards of the hospital. Also, female nurses were selected with maximum diversity in terms of work experience, age, and the wards they were working in. in this study the semi-structured interview was the main method of data collection. The interview transcriptions were extracted and then divided into meaningful units. For strengthening and confirming the results and accuracy of the research, the author used the data acceptability, credibility, accuracy, validity, believability, verifiability, reliability, and transferability. Results During the data analysis process of this study, the first 15 classes with the same characteristics were put together and then divided into 6 classes. Afterwards, based on the common features at a more abstract level, they were converted into 2 themes. Based on the findings, violence against women in the workplace occurs at two levels, that namely interpersonal violence and organizational coercion. Conclusion Therefore, it is necessary for managers to commit to lay the groundwork for reducing violence in the hospital, as well as barriers to report these cases especially the hospital managers and officials should create awareness on workplace among the staff, patient and visitors and must ensure stringent actions to prevent it.

Background: Musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) is one of the important problems concerning the staffschr('39') health and productivity in the workplace. Nutritional status and consumption of some foods are also among the determining factors of MSD. So, this study aimed to evaluate the correlation of diet and consumed food groups with MSD. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 office workers. The participantschr('39') anthropometric parameters and their dietary information were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The findings were categorized into nine levels. The total scores were calculated for all the items per food group and per person. Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was also administered to evaluate the MSD symptoms in nine parts of body. Results: The score of consumed food groups was compared between individuals “with pain” and “without pain” in nine parts of the body. The scores of fruit intake in individuals “with pain” and “without pain” were 2.94 ± 1.27 vs. 3.29 ± 1.16 and 2.81 ± 1.10 vs. 3.49 ± 1.38 in terms of neck and wrists, respectively. The difference between the two groups were significant (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the participants with pain in the neck consumed significantly lower amounts of cereals and nuts (P = 0.03, 0.04). In the case of the shoulder pain, consuming legumes and nuts in the “without pain” group was higher than the group of participants who had pain (P = 0.01, P = 0.03). Fat intake was higher in the patients who had pain in their hips (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Less pain was reported in the musculoskeletal system by higher consumption of fruits, nuts, and legumes. It seems that plant-based dietary pattern is more effective in musculoskeletal health.

Abstract Background and aims: Workers are the productive force of the society and their health is essential. Safety and health at workplace are of great importance in terms of economic development as workers spend more than a third of their lives at work. The role of international organizations such as the World Health Organization and the International Labor Organization in dealing with workerschr('39') issues, including their health care needs, emphasizes the multifaceted nature of the field. The International Labor Organization has requirements such as ergonomic and occupational risk factors to protect work forces from physical and mental illness and injury from workplace hazards and accidents. These standards have a great impact on the laws and regulations of governments .One of these standards is the Occupational Health Services Contract, which cover musculoskeletal injuries, violence, stress, biological, chemical and physical hazards. This, plays an important role in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care of workers as well as the fight against discrimination. In Iran, the primary health care system has established a national model by providing health services, and the Ministry of Healthchr('39')s Environmental and Occupational Health Center is responsible for monitoring and implementing occupational health programs and projects in the country. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the health status of workforce in Iranian labor and production society and to present a model for its improvement. Methods: This is a descriptive and policy research study. Data collection was conducted through a review of documents and resources and focus group discussions. In the firt phase, a diverse list of scientific documents and resources by searching Iranian and international databases including Iranmedex, Magiran, Medlib, Web of Science, Cochrane and Pubmed were identified and reviewed. The various keyword combinations such as health of workers, workforest health, human resource health, Iran, index, indicator, Intervention, plan, program and Policy both in Persian and English were searched. In addition, unpublished documents were received from relevant experts. The purpose of this phase was to determine the evaluation indicators and the health status of workers, the type and impact of interventions in the workplaces in recent years, as well as the recommended interventions for workerschr('39') health. A summary of the items obtained from the first phase, entitled "Recognition of the current situation in the framework of indicators, past interventions and challenges of the workerschr('39') health promotion system" was analyzed by the project team and then discussed in a focus group of stakeholders to determine the orientations. In order to apply the ideas and opinions of stakeholders related to this issue, Mendeleevchr('39')s Intrest-Power analysis method was used. . First, the main stakeholders were listed, then the list was placed in the matrix of interest and power, and the items with high interest and high power were selected as the steering committee. After analyzing the documentation and combining the findings, the results were summarized in two main parts: recognizing the current situation and the future orientations. Results: Due to the lack of point data in previous years, it is not possible to judge the ascending or descending trend of workerschr('39') health indicators; but, in general population, the status of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases, mental disorders and social injuries has been increased and is probably true for the labor population. Although, numerous interventions have been previously conducted in the workerschr('39') health area, they are not systematic and not included in a national program framework. The periodic monitoring report of the program and evaluation of the existing interventions are formally unavailable. Upstream documents supports every aspect of promoting workerchr('39')s health. There is a need to improve and focus on all four areas of formulating, monitoring and evaluating the National Worker Health Plan, the structure and standards of health service provision, improving behaviors of workers and employers, and providing sustainable resources (financial, information and human resources). The optimal point for the health of workers is that the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labour, and Social Welfare reduce the prevalence of work-related accidents and diseases for 15 years by attracting international sites and the participation of the working community and employers. To achieve this vision, at least three strategic goals must be considered; Including improving the score of health behaviors of workers in the production community by 30%, improving the score of suitable environment to reduce risk and increase protective factors (depending on the type of residence) by 30% and also improving the benefit of screening services, intervention And follow up to 50% Conclusion: The findings of this study show that despite the numerous national trustees and the packaging of various health, social and safety services, as well as the support of upstream documents, the health of workers has not improved considerably and there are various gaps in the operational levels. There is a need to improve and focus on the development, monitoring and evaluation of the National Workerschr('39') Health Plan, the structure and standards of health service provision, improving the behavior of workers and employers and the provision of sustainable resources (finance, information and workforce). The program should be approved by Insured Health Services Coordination Council after final opinion of the Employers Association, the Labors Association and the subsidiary units of the Ministry of cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare, the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and the Ministry of industry, mine and Trade in the. The plan is to be approved by the Supreme council for Health and Food Security for further sustainability.

BACKGROUND: Health-care workers are exposed to complex types of health and safety hazards. A high percentage of hospital staff in Iran are women, who in addition to heavy and stressful hospital work, also carry the burden of the family roles. It is in these circumstances that creating a supportive environment for women is of particular importance. Accordingly, this study is designed to determine the characteristics of a mental supporting work environment in the workplace from the perspective of female hospital staff. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed by a qualitative method and content analysis approach. Sampling was purposive and 26 women working in different wards of this hospital were included in the study. In this study, women with maximum diversity in terms of age, work experience, and employment ward were selected. The main method of data collection in this study was a semi-structured interview. Interview texts were extracted and divided into meaningful units. To validate and confirm the results plus accuracy of the research, the criterion of data validity or data credibility, admissibility, data accuracy, verifiability, reliability, and transferability were used. RESULTS: Through the data analysis, 58 primary concepts with the same features were classified into 10 subcategories. Then, based on common features at a more abstract level, they were converted into four main categories including job stressors, women's stress management, providing women's psychological-job satisfaction, and women's work-life balance. CONCLUSION: Creating supportive work environments for women, especially those operating in workplaces such as hospitals, which brings a lot of work pressure and workload for them, can be an important policy for organizations and hospital work environments.

Background and aims: In recent years, non- thermal plasma could has yield desirable and successful results, in spite of some challenges and limitations. In particular, in emission control of mobile and stationary sources. CO pollutant, which is emitted from various emission sources is a toxic gas and employee exposure at indoor and outdoor workplaces is one of the main world challenges. The approach of present study is to investigate the key performance parameters of non- thermal plasma in CO treatment efficiency by considering of techno- economic considerations at reactor design. Methods: A coaxial reactor composed of two inner (quartz) and outer (pyrex) tubes as dielectric material, tungsten electrode as cathode and copper foil as anode material has been used. In this study, we have investigated the parameters of temperature, space time, reductant gas, and current intensity of power supply voltage on removal efficiency of the pollutant. Sample size and sampling methods are determined based on the experimental design (i,e,. in two and four level) and ASTM D5835 standard method, Respectively. Data analysis has been done by SPSS software (version 22). Results: The mean conversion of 28- 29% for carbon monoxide is achieved under optimum conditions by temperature of 110 oC, propane to carbon monoxide ratio of 0.05 and SIE of 1000- 1400 j/l. This is one of the main results of present research and suitable primary alternatives at future researches to utilize non- thermal plasma technology. Conclusion: In this study, the key parameters of space time and temperature have been shown significant effect on removal efficiency of pollutant. While, due to molecular- chemical structure of CO gas and complexity of participation during redox reactions in NTP reactor, the presence and concentration of propane gas has no significance effect on treatment efficiency. So, consideration of relevant parameters of electron density, gas mixture properties, and geometric characteristics in designing step could play key role in optimization of temperature conditions and pollutant space time.

BACKGROUND: Many accidents in industries occur due to unsafe practices and unsafe conditions. Occupational accidents endanger the health of workers and impose excessive costs on the employers. This study was designed and conducted to evaluate and implement a behavior-based safety approach in an industrial workplace based on the theory of planned behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was a quasi-experimental study performed on 90 supervisors of an industrial workplace. Behavior-based safety interventions were performed based on the components of the theory of planned behavior using nine strategies of health education and health promotion, including skills training, participation, and social support. The data collection tool consisted of a researcher-made questionnaire that was answered by the supervisors before and 6 months after the intervention. The collected data were evaluated using SPSS 22 software. The significance level was considered 0.05. RESULTS: The results showed that the constructs of subjective norms, attitude, and perceived control of behavior predict the safe behavior of supervisors. After behavior-based safety interventions, significant changes were observed in subjective norms, intention, attitude, and perceived control of behavior (P < 0.001) compared to before the intervention. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed the improvement of safe behavior of supervisors in the workplace due to behavioral-based safety interventions using the theory of planned behavior. Accordingly, this theory can be used as a suitable theoretical framework for designing and implementing interventions to promote safe behaviors of employees in the workplace.

Background: Non-Communicable disease (NCDs) is a killer of people that needs to urgent actions across the world. Scientific evidence is the critical arm for effective interventions. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the trend of four main NCDs’ scientific publication in a 17-yr period, and reflect international collaboration. Methods: This scientometric study on four main NCDs; cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases were carried out through the narrative review in international databases of Scopus from 2000 to 2016. In this way, the number of articles, citations, and international collaboration were assessed, and the frequently used terms on non-communicable diseases were mapped by VOSviewer software. Results: Over the 17 years, 25827 articles about four main NCDs by Iran indexed in Scopus have increasing trend steadily. However, chronic obstructive respiratory publications have slow trend. The number of articles, citations, and h index of cancer-related publications was higher than the others. Diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic respiratory diseases scientometrics indicators state in next positions, respectively. The most collaborative country was USA in the four areas, and there was not seen region countries’ collaboration in top ten levels. The frequently used terms in NCDs’ articles in order were diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and breast cancer. Conclusion: Iran provides appropriate face of cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases publications in the mirror of NCDs’ scientometry. However, there is need for more effort in chronic respiratory diseases researches, and strengthen collaboration with regional countries.

Most of Iranian Oil Terminals are located in tropical regions and consequently, disorders of heat stress among workers are expected. There are many heat stress indices with self-advantages anddisadvantages which are used for evaluating the amount of heat stress. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reliability of WBGT, ET and CET indices by comparison to core body temperature inKharg Oil Terminal Company. Participants (n=94) were workers in different units of the terminal. After identifying units and type of activities, the air and wet temperatures, WBGT, and core body temperature (oral and ear drum) in three situations including outdoor and indoor activities were measured. The means and standard deviations of WBGT, ET, and CET in the indoor and outdoor workplaces were 26.9±4.29,25.94±4.05, 26.11±3.6 C° and 29.76±3.51, 28.03±4.05, 29.36±3.51 C°, respectively. The statistical correlation between the above mentioned heat stress indices with oral and tympanic temperatures were significant (p

Most of Iranian Oil Terminals are located in tropical regions and consequently, disorders of heat stress among workers are expected. There are many heat stress indices with self-advantages and disadvantages which are used for evaluating the amount of heat stress. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reliability of WBGT, ET and CET indices by comparison to core body temperature in Kharg Oil Terminal Company. Participants (n=94) were workers in different units of the terminal. After identifying units and type of activities, the air and wet temperatures, WBGT, and core body temperature (oral and ear drum) in three situations including outdoor and indoor activities were measured. The means and standard deviations of WBGT, ET, and CET in the indoor and outdoor workplaces were 26.9±4.29, 25.94±4.05, 26.11±3.6 °C and 29.76±3.51, 28.03±4.05, 29.36±3.51 °C, respectively. The statistical correlation between the above mentioned heat stress indices with oral and tympanic temperatures were significant (p

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of heat stress to construction workers using Thermal Work Limit (TWL) and Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) indices and by measuring Urine Specific Gravity (USG) among construction workers in Iran and comparing the appropriateness of these indices for measuring heat stress in Iran climate.This comparative and experimental study was conducted during September 2012 in Baghe Ketabe Tehran, one of the large size construction sites in Tehran City, Iran. Sixty participants were randomly selected in two groups (exposed to sun and non-exposed) among the construction workers in a construction campus with similar work type, climate and diet. TWL and WBGT and USG were measured in two consequent days and at the beginning, mid and end of the work shift, for both groups.The mean WBGT index was 22.6 ± 0.9 °C for control group and 27.5 ± 1.2 °C for exposure group, the mean TWL index measure was 215.8 ± 5.2 W/m(2) for control group and 144 ± 9.8 W/m(2) for exposure group and the mean USG was 1.0213 ± 0.0054 in control group and 1.026 ± 0.005 in exposure group. There was a significant difference in TWL, WBGT and USG between exposed and non-exposed group (P