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The “Merdeka Belajar - Kampus Merdeka“ (MBKM) program emphasizes learning relevant to the needs of workplace so that students can compete with their abilities. However, the lack of information regarding MBKM is an important note. The research aims to analyze and review Scopus-indexed MBKM documents critically. The research focus is research trends, crucial information, and research recommendations. The research method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) supported by the VOSViewer application. SLR evaluates and analyzes documents systematically and VOSViewer visualizes relevant document results. Documents described from 2021 to 2024. The number of articles used was 29. The research results show that the number of documents related to MBKM has increased, indicating the great attention of researchers to this program. The MBKM program received a positive response from institutions and students. However, several aspects of implementing the MBKM program still require more attention. The bibliometric visualization results show that several clusters are not directly related to the MBKM program, which provides opportunities for future study. Apart from that, the quality of learning needs to be improved through various learning activities so that student's skills and abilities can be empowered more optimally, preparing them to face increasingly rapid developments.

The Merdeka Curriculum requires teachers to apply various learning models, including PBL, to achieve learning objectives, including critical thinking skills. However, in the context of biology learning, the application of the PBL model is rarely considered to improve students' critical thinking skills, and research on this is still limited. Therefore, this research is essential because there is no complete analysis of the impact of the PBL learning model on critical thinking skills in biology indexed by Scopus. This study uses the SLR method to investigate the effect of the PBL learning model on students' critical thinking skills in biology material. This research method follows the PRISMA model for selecting articles based on specific criteria in the SCOPUS database. The research results show that presentation and discussion methods dominate biology learning, while there is a lack of attention to students' critical thinking and a lack of electronic teaching materials. On the other hand, problem-based learning helps students understand and apply biological material and develop critical thinking skills by emphasizing the application of knowledge, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation and involving students in group discussions to motivate critical thinking. Research shows that PBL effectively improves students' critical thinking, supported by various learning models and media that strengthen students' critical thinking skills. In conclusion, applying the PBL model allows students to focus on specific topics, understand scientific concepts, and overcome challenges through data analysis, hypothesis generation, and deductive reasoning. This model encourages critical thinking and active participation of students. Teachers are expected to be able to use various learning models to improve students' thinking abilities.

We assessed the richness, diversity, composition of the large mammal community in Ghamot National Park (GNP), Neelum valley Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan, and how these characteristics differed between four habitat types: forest, riparian zone, scrubland, and wetland, as well as between seasons. Across all locales with 66 line transect surveys (53km), indirect observation had the highest sampling (n=131; 76.60%) while direct observation had the lowest (n=40; 23.39). Fecal dropping was the most common type of indirect evidence (n=73; 55.72%), followed by foot prints (n=29; 9.94%) and dens/latrine (n=19; 14.50%). The Scrubland zone had the most indirect evidences (n=37) of any zone (elevation ranges between 2600-3600m).The forest zone (elevation ranges between 2700-3450m) had the second highest sampling (n=28), followed by the Alpine Zone (n=28), Riparian Zone (n=21), and Alpine Pasture Zone (n=16) (elevation 4000-4400m; habitat type high alpine pastures). By using direct and indirect field evidence, 14 species from 6 families were identified. Unfortunately, the number of species encountered directly was low in this study; four species (28.57%) were directly observed, including Canis aureus, Vulpes vulpes, Macaca mulatta, and Semnopithecus ajax, while the remaining ten (71.42%) were observed indirectly. Summer had the most direct and indirect observations (n=86; 50.29%), followed by winter (n=85; 49.70%). (4.28). Season had little effect on species richness, diversity, and composition across or within habitat types. However, the richness of species varied greatly across seasons among the four habitat types. The forest and riparian zone had the greatest similarity in species composition, both between and among seasons. Finally, our findings show that GNP has an essential influence in Pakistan mammal conservation. Our findings will provide as a baseline for park management to make effective conservation decisions, as well as a baseline for researchers conducting similar ecological studies.

Key Clinical Message This case report highlights dilated cardiomyopathy as a cardiovascular complication in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS‐1), emphasizing the need for early recognition and a multidisciplinary approach. Comprehensive care and regular follow‐up are crucial in managing these atypical presentations to optimize patient outcomes. Abstract APS‐1, also known as Whitaker syndrome, is characterized by a triad of mucocutaneous candidiasis, adrenal insufficiency, and hypoparathyroidism. This rare autosomal recessive disorder results from mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. Cardiovascular and pulmonary manifestations in APS‐1 are infrequently reported in the literature. We present a case of a 28‐year‐old male who presented with shortness of breath and pedal edema. Physical examination revealed alopecia, absence of eyebrows, hyperpigmentation on joints, oral candidiasis, and nail dystrophy. Echocardiography demonstrated dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and pericardial effusion. Chest x‐ray showed left‐sided pleural effusion. Laboratory investigations revealed hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, low parathyroid hormone (PTH), low cortisol, and high adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels. The combination of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC), hypoparathyroidism, and adrenal insufficiency confirmed the diagnosis of APS‐1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first Pakistani and second worldwide reported case of APS‐1 presenting with such a combination of manifestations. Early recognition and multidisciplinary management are crucial for improving outcomes in these patients.

This study is a classroom action research conducted at SMA Negeri A Bondowoso, specifically in class XC with a total of 36 students, during the second semester of the academic year 2022/2023. In this research, both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. The results of a questionnaire completed by students and teachers in observation sheets during learning were used to generate quantitative data. Qualitative data was collected through observations and interviews with students and teachers. Data collection techniques include observation and testing. Two colleagues were involved as student activity observers. The results improved significantly between cycles I and II. The results of student activity in asking questions during learning were as high as 45% in cycle I to 49% in cycle II. The increase in reading literacy leads to increased listening skills from 51% in cycle I to 58% in cycle II. The increase in students' posttest results was 71% in cycle I and 84% in cycle II. Finally, according to the results of student responses, students who liked biotechnology material increased their acquisition from 47% in cycle I to 52% in cycle II. ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri A Bondowoso yaitu pada kelas XC dengan jumlah siswa 36 dan dilakukan pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2022/2023. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu data kuantitatif dan data kualitatif. Data Kuantitatif didapat dari hasil angket yang diisi oleh siswa dan guru dalam lembar observasi selama pembelajaran. Data Kualitatif diperoleh dari hasil Observasi dan Wawancara kepada siswa dan guru. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi dan tes. Observer aktivitas siswa melibatkan dua orang teman sejawat. Terdapat hasil peningkatan yang signifikan antara siklus I dan siklus II. Pada penilaian aktivitas siswa, Hasil keaktifan siswa dalam bertanya selama pembelajaran pada siklus I sebanyak 45%, selanjutnya dihasilkan peningkatan sebesar 49% pada siklus II. Kemudian peningkatan dari hasil literasi membaca, pada aspek keterampilan menyimak pada siklus I sebesar 51% menjadi 58% pada siklus II. Peningkatan hasil post test siswa pada siklus I sebesar 71% dan siklus II sebesar 84%. Terakhir, pada hasil respon siswa, siswa yang menyukai materi bioteknologi mengalami peningkatan dari yang sebelumnya diperoleh sebesar 47% pada siklus I, naik secara signifikan dengan perolehan 52% pada siklus II.

This study aims to describe the increase in students' creative thinking by combining cooperative script learning models with reciprocal teaching. This research is a Class Action Research (CAR). This research was conducted in class XI SMA. Learning tools, essay questions combined with creative thinking, observation sheets of learning implementation, and creative thinking instruments were used to collect data. Data analysis on the increase in creative thinking was calculated using the score gain (N-Gain) formula. The results show an increase in students' creative thinking, namely from cycle I with a score of 0.28 which is included in the low category, rising to a score of 0.5 in cycle II which is included in the medium category. The results of this study indicate an increase in students' learning activities and creative thinking in each learning cycle. Combining cooperative and reciprocal learning models can encourage students to dare to express opinions, thoughts, and ideas to empower students' creative thinking skills. This shows that applying the cooperative learning model, a combination of collaborative learning models with a reciprocal teaching model used continuously, can increase students' learning activities and creative thinking to train them to become self-regulation learners.

In this study, the tribological properties of a green lubricant synthesized from cottonseed oil through a two-step transesterification process are investigated, with a specific focus on the maximum throughput of the second step that involves the reaction of cottonseed methyl ester with 2-ethyl-1-hexanol alcohol and a titanium isopropoxide (TIS) catalyst. The research centers on evaluating the physiochemical characteristics of this biolubricant and comparing them with those of commercial oil (5W30) and the ISO VG40 standard. Furthermore, the influence of crucial process variables, such as temperature, pressure, reaction time, and TIS catalyst concentration, is examined by analyzing variance in experimental data. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis is employed to identify functional groups, particularly emphasizing the impact of temperature and reaction time. By optimizing the second transesterification process under specific conditions (pressure = 19.42 mmHg, temperature = 175°C, catalyst concentration = 0.63%, and reaction time = 4.0 h), a cottonseed oil-based biolubricant is successfully produced, exhibiting properties comparable to those of commercial mineral lubricants. Notably, the findings reveal significant enhancements in the coefficient of friction (CoF) with a 49% reduction and wear resistance with a maximum 19% reduction. This study contributes valuable insights into optimizing biolubricant production derived from cottonseed oil through two-step transesterification, emphasizing its novel potential in improving frictional and wear characteristics.

Particle rolling is an essential microscopic mechanism that governs macroscopic behavior. This study conducts biaxial shearing tests on bi-dispersed circular discs at different confining pressures. A novel 2D image analysis technique is employed to measure the rolling of all the particles. It is observed that most of the particles exhibit significant rolling during shearing. Rollings are normally distributed in clockwise and counterclockwise directions, and the net rolling of the granular assembly is almost zero. Generally, the rolling of a particle is accompanied by its neighboring particle’s opposite rolling in a similar magnitude. In some cases, a group of particles is observed to exhibit rolling in the same direction, accompanied by another opposite rolling group in the neighboring regions. Particles inside the shear band tend to show significant rolling. The rolling rate is prominent at the beginning of the shearing and gradually decreases towards the end. Small particles exhibit significantly higher rotations, while larger particles are relatively resistant to rolling. Small particles work as ball bearings between two big particles, reducing the shear strength of the granular materials. The experimental data obtained in this study can be used to perform detailed validation of numerical models to simulate realistic granular behavior such as DEM.

This review explores the challenges brought about by emerging foodborne pathogens and the strategies employed to ensure food safety. This study conducted a comprehensive literature review to gather information on the latest trends in foodborne pathogens, their impact on public health, and the measures taken to mitigate their risks. Various scientific databases were utilized to identify relevant articles, research papers, and reports. The research findings highlight the emergence of new and re-emerging foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and norovirus. These pathogens pose significant health risks and can lead to outbreaks and foodborne illnesses. This study examines the factors contributing to the emergence of these pathogens, including changes in food production, globalization, climate change, and antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, this study explores the challenges faced in controlling and preventing the spread of these pathogens throughout the food supply chain. It examines issues related to contamination during production, processing, transportation, and consumption. The study also investigates the limitations of current detection methods and the need for improved surveillance systems to identify and respond to emerging pathogens effectively. In terms of strategies for ensuring food safety, this study highlights the importance of implementing preventive measures such as good agricultural practices, proper sanitation, and hygiene protocols. It emphasizes the significance of robust food safety regulations and policies to enforce compliance across the industry. Additionally, this study explores the role of education and awareness campaigns in promoting safe food handling practices among consumers.

Students' knowledge of data analysis determines the quality of the research they report but they tend to perceive courses on statistics or data analysis as challenging and unappealing. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between biology education students' attitudes toward statistics and their proficiency in determining various data analytical techniques. This study involved biology education students from the Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang who had completed a course in statistics, research methods, and data analysis. The Survey of Attitudes Toward Statistics (SATS) and the Statistics Assessment of Graduate Students (SAGS) were used sequentially as instruments for collecting data on student attitudes toward statistics and data analysis competencies. The results revealed that while most students had positive attitudes toward statistics, they perceived the subject as challenging to learn. Additionally, the students demonstrated low levels of competency in data analysis. The aspects of cognitive competence and difficulty from SATS correlate significantly with their SAGS score. These results suggest that there is a need for a revision of the biology education curriculum to better equip students with the skills and knowledge to increase their data analysis competencies.

This study aims to explore the relationship between food quality and mental health by comprehensively analyzing existing research. A systematic review was conducted to identify relevant studies published between 2010 and 2022. The selected studies encompassed various populations, including adults, adolescents, and elderly individuals, and examined the impact of food quality on mental health outcomes such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive function. The findings of the analysis revealed a significant association between food quality and mental health. Several studies indicated that a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins was positively correlated with better mental health outcomes. Conversely, a diet high in processed foods, sugar, and saturated fats was associated with an increased risk of mental health disorders. Furthermore, the analysis highlighted the role of specific nutrients in mental health. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fatty fish and nuts, were consistently linked to improved mood and cognitive function. Additionally, the consumption of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals from fruits and vegetables showed positive effects on mental well-being. However, it is important to note that the relationship between food quality and mental health is complex and influenced by various factors such as socioeconomic status, cultural background, and individual differences. Future research should consider these factors to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the topic. In conclusion, this study provides evidence supporting the relationship between food quality and mental health. Adopting a healthy diet rich in nutrient-dense foods may have a positive impact on mental well-being. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and develop targeted interventions to improve mental health outcomes through dietary interventions.

Fruits are an essential part of a healthy lifestyle, providing the body with the necessary nutrients and helping to prevent illness. Recognizing the importance of fruits, our study aimed to create a unique and nutritious mixed fruit jam using the delightful combination of kiwi and cucumber. We chose kiwi and cucumber for this experiment due to their exceptional nutritional value. Kiwi is rich in vitamin C, vitamin K, and dietary fiber, while cucumber is hydrating and contains vitamins A, C, and K. Combining these two fruits not only adds a refreshing flavor but also enhances the nutritional profile of jam. In our experiment, we tested different ratios of kiwi and cucumber, including 100% kiwi (control), 50% kiwi and 50% cucumber, 70% kiwi and 30% cucumber, and 30% kiwi and 70% cucumber. To improve the texture and preservation of the jam, we added commercial pectin, sodium benzoate, and citric acid. Through comprehensive analysis, we found that the jam made with a 50%:50% kiwi ratio (T1) stood out regarding its physicochemical properties. It had higher levels of titratable acidity, total soluble solids, moisture, pH, and ascorbic acid while having a lower proportion of total sugar. These attributes contribute to a well-rounded nutritional profile, making it an excellent choice for individuals seeking a healthy option. To ensure the jam’s sensory appeal, we conducted sensory assessments evaluating its taste, scent, texture, and overall acceptance. The T1 jam received the highest scores in all sensory categories, indicating that it was the most preferred option among the participants. Its vibrant green color, with L*, a*, and b* values of 32.41, −2.29, and 9.51, respectively, adds to the overall sensory experience and entices consumers to indulge in its goodness. In conclusion, our study highlights the nutritional excellence and sensory delight of the kiwi-based jam, particularly the T1 variant. By combining the goodness of kiwi and cucumber, we have created a jam that not only satisfies taste buds but also nourishes the body. It is an excellent choice for individuals of all ages looking for a healthy and enjoyable spread. So spread this fruity goodness on your toast and savor the benefits.

A vast amount of information about distance based graph invariants is contained in the Hosoya polynomial. Such an information is helpful to determine well-known distance based molecular descriptors. The Hosoya index or Z-index of a graph G is the total number of its matching. The Hosoya index is a prominent example of topological indices, which are of great interest in combinatorial chemistry, and later on it applies to address several chemical properties in molecular structures. In this article, we investigate Hosoya properties (Hosoya polynomial, reciprocal Hosoya polynomial and Hosoya index) of the commuting graph associated with an algebraic structure developed by the symmetries of regular molecular gones (constructed by atoms with regular atomic-bonding).

Improving the frictional response of a functional surface interface has been a significant research concern. During the last couple of decades, lubricant oils have been enriched with several additives to obtain formulations that can meet the requirements of different lubricating regimes from boundary to full-film hydrodynamic lubrication. The possibility to improve the tribological performance of lubricating oils using various types of nanoparticles has been investigated. In this study, we proposed a data-driven approach that utilizes machine learning (ML) techniques to optimize the composition of a hybrid oil by adding ceramic and carbon-based nanoparticles in varying concentrations to the base oil. Supervised-learning-based regression methods including support vector machines, random forest trees, and artificial neural network (ANN) models are developed to capture the inherent non-linear behavior of the nano lubricants. The ANN hyperparameters were fine-tuned with Bayesian optimization. The regression performance is evaluated with multiple assessment metrics such as the root mean square error (RMSE), mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R2). The ANN showed the best prediction performance among all ML models, with 2.22 × 10−3 RMSE, 4.92 × 10−6 MSE, 2.1 × 10−3 MAE, and 0.99 R2. The computational models’ performance curves for the different nanoparticles and how the composition affects the interface were investigated. The results show that the composition of the optimized hybrid oil was highly dependent on the lubrication regime and that the coefficient of friction was significantly reduced when optimal concentrations of ceramic and carbon-based nanoparticles are added to the base oil. The proposed research work has potential applications in designing hybrid nano lubricants to achieve optimized tribological performance in changing lubrication regimes.

Listrik sudah merupakan menjadi kebutuhan sekunder manusia, yang dimana segala segi kehidupan manusia sudah terkoneksi ke listrik. Maka dari itu pada pendistribusian energy listrikke konsumen harus slalu terjaga ke stabilannya. Padasaat pendistribusian energy listruk, gangguan yang sering terjadi adalah gangguan ketidakstabilan beban pada trafo, gangguan ini akan megakibatkan mangalirnya arus pada penghantar netral, dan lebih parah akan mengkibatkan kerusakan pada transformator itu sendiri. Maka oleh karena itu, perlu dibuat suatu alat monitoring beban trafo berbasis mikrokontroler berbasis web, sehingga jika terjadi ketidak stabilan beban akan bisa dengan cepat dapat dideteksi. Dan ini akan menghemat waktu dalam pemonitoringan beban transformator yang masih dilakukan secara langsung ke tempat transformator tersebut dengan jadwal yang telah ditentukan. Sensor sct013 yang dipasang pada trafo tersebut akan membaca arus dan sensor zmpt101b akan membaca tegangan dari trafo tersebut, dan hasil pembacaan tersebut akan di diolah oleh arduino mega 2560, hasil dari pengolahan tersebut akan di tampilkan dalam lcd berupa tanggal, tegangn, arus, dan daya. Selain itu hasil dari pembacaan sensor yang telah di olah arduino ini dikirim ke database yang telah dibauat. Proses pengiriman data dari arduino ini dilakukan oleh modul esp8266-01 yang telah di konfigurasi dengan arduino. Sehingga pemonitoringan beban trafo bisa di lihat kapan pun di website alinasution.epizy.com.

The quantitative structures activity relationships (QSAR) and quantitative structures property relationships (QSPR) between the chemical compounds are studied with the help of topological indices (TI’s) which are the fixed real numbers directly linked with the molecular graphs. Gutman and Trinajstic (1972) defined the first degree based TI to measure the total π-electrone energy of a molecular graph. Recently, Ali and Trinajstic (2018) restudied the connection based TI’s such as first Zagreb connection index, second Zagreb connection index and modified first Zagreb connection index to find entropy and accentric factor of the octane isomers. In this paper, we study the modified second Zagreb connection index and modified third Zagreb connection index on the T-sum (molecular) graphs obtained by the operations of subdivision and product on two graphs. At the end, as the applications of the obtained results for the modified Zagreb connection indices of the T-sum graphs of the particular classes of alkanes are also included. Mainly, a comparision among the Zagreb indices, Zagreb connection indices and modified Zagreb connection indices of the T-sum graphs of the particular classes of alkanes is performed with the help of numerical tables, 3D plots and line graphs using the statistical tools.

BackgroundLow lung function is associated with high mortality and adverse cardiopulmonary outcomes. Less is known of its association with broader health indices such as self-reported respiratory symptoms, perceived general health, and cognitive and physical performance. The present study seeks to address the association between forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), an indicator of lung function, with broad markers of general health, relevant to aging trajectory in the general population.Methods and findingsFrom the Canadian general population, 22,822 adults (58% females, mean age 58.8 years [standard deviation (SD) 9.6]) were enrolled from the community between June 2012 and April 2015 from 11 Canadian cities and 7 provinces. Mixed effects regression was used to assess the cross-sectional relationship between FEV1 with self-reported respiratory symptoms, perceived poor general health, and cognitive and physical performance. All associations were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), education, smoking status, and self-reported comorbidities and expressed as adjusted odds ratios (aORs). Based on the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) reference values, 38% (n = 8,626) had normal FEV1 (z-scores >0), 37% (n = 8,514) mild (z-score 0 to > -1 SD), 19% (n = 4,353) moderate (z-score -1 to > -2 SD), and 6% (n = 1,329) severely low FEV1 (z-score = < -2 SD). There was a graded association between lower FEV1 with higher aOR [95% CI] of self-reported moderate to severe respiratory symptoms (mild FEV1 1.09 [0.99 to 1.20] p = 0.08, moderate 1.45 [1.28 to 1.63] p < 0.001, and severe 2.67 [2.21 to 3.23] p < 0.001]), perceived poor health (mild 1.07 [0.9 to 1.27] p = 0.45, moderate 1.48 [1.24 to 1.78] p = ConclusionsWe observed graded associations between lower FEV1 with higher odds of disabling respiratory symptoms, perceived poor general health, and lower cognitive and physical performance. These findings support the broader implications of measured lung function on general health and aging trajectory.

The importance of reflective thinking among teachers has long been recognized, and it remains a crucial indicator of learning and ensures teachers’ professional development. This study’s aim is to understand a teacher education program’s impact on the reflective thinking of preservice teachers in Pakistan. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, 400 teacher education candidates participated in the quantitative analysis, which involved a follow-up that included 10 semi-structured interviews by teacher education candidates. The results showed that teacher education in Pakistan is characterized by the production of more graduates but lacks the focus to develop and generate reflective practitioners in the field. This research contributes to our understanding about the importance of reflective thinking in terms of how it can improve preservice teachers’ thinking patterns and nurture teacher education. Furthermore, this study suggests that teacher-training institutions should focus on improving the quality of the trainings for students.

Classical applications of resolving sets and metric dimension can be observed in robot navigation, networking and pharmacy. In the present article, a formula for computing the metric dimension of a simple graph wihtout singleton twins is given. A sufficient condition for the graph to have the exchange property for resolving sets is found. Consequently, every minimal resolving set in the graph forms a basis for a matriod in the context of independence defined by Boutin [Determining sets, resolving set and the exchange property, Graphs Combin., 2009, 25, 789-806]. Also, a new way to define a matroid on finite ground is deduced. It is proved that the matroid is strongly base orderable and hence satisfies the conjecture of White [An unique exchange property for bases, Linear Algebra Appl., 1980, 31, 81-91]. As an application, it is shown that the power graphs of some finite groups can define a matroid. Moreover, we also compute the metric dimension of the power graphs of dihedral groups.

Fasilitas perkantoran banyak dibangun di Indonesia mulai dari kantor untuk pemerintahan hingga swasta. Kantor dibangun sebagian besar menggunakan kolom pada umumnya yakni kolom berpenampang persegi. Penampang kolom dengan bentuk lain yakni kolom lingkaran, kolom ini ketika berada dilapangan pada perkantoran jarang digunakan sehingga peneliti melakukan penelitian yang bisa menjadi saran bahwa kolom lingkaran baik digunakan pada bangunan kantor dari segi biaya, tulangan dan beban gempa. Redesain dilakukan pada gedung Kejaksaan Tinggi Riau dimana yang redesain pada kolom utama K1. Perancangan ulang dibantu dengan Etabs 2016 serta SNI 2847:2013, SNI 1726:2013, SNI 1727:2013 dan peraturan lain. Salah satu langkah menjadi pembeda dari penelitian lain diagram interaksi 1%-6% dibuat secara manual berdasarkan SNI 2847:2013 untuk penentuan persen tulangan utama kolom. Penelitian membuahkan hasil dimana kolom lingkaran dari biaya lebih murah 48,7% dari persegi. Kebutuhan tulangan utama lebih kecil dari persegi dengan persentase 3,13%. Sengkang 85,08 persen lebih kecil lingkaran. Kinerja menahan beban gempa kolom lingkaran hampir menyamai dengan persegi dengan selisih displacement pada arah x dan y sebesar 0,0001 m. Sehingga dari hasil disimpulkan bahwa kedepannya dalam membangun sebuah gedung kantor tidak hanya menggunakan kolom persegi sebagai kolom utama tetapi juga dapat menggunakan kolom lingkaran sebagai kolom utama. Office facilities have been built in Indonesia ranging from offices for government to private. The office was built mostly using columns in general, square columns. Column cross-section with another form that is a circle column, this column when in the field in offices is rarely used so researchers conduct research that could be a suggestion that the circle column is good for office buildings in terms of cost, reinforcement and earthquake load. The redesign was carried out at the Riau High Prosecutors building where the redesign was in the main column K1. The redesign was assisted with Etabs 2016 and SNI 2847: 2013, SNI 1726: 2013, SNI 1727: 2013 and other regulations. One step becomes a differentiator from other studies 1% -6% interaction diagram created manually based on SNI 2847: 2013 for determining the main percent reinforcement column. The research yielded results where the circle column of the cost is 48,7% cheaper than the square. The need for major reinforcement is smaller than a square with a percentage of 3,13%. Brace 85,08 percent smaller circle. The performance of withstanding earthquake column circle loads is almost equal to square with displacement difference in the x and y directions of 0,0001 m. So from the results concluded that in the future in building an office build not only uses a square column as the main column but also can use the circle column as the main column.

Resolving partition and partition dimension have multipurpose applications in computer, networking, optimization, mastermind games and modelling of chemical substances. The problem of finding exact values of partition dimension is hard so one can find bound for the partition dimension of a general family of graph. In the present article, we give the sharp upper bounds and lower bounds for the partition dimension of m-wheel, Wn,m for all n ≥ 4 and m ≥ 1. Presented data generalise some already available results.

Linear flux switching machines (LFSMs) are one of the recently emerging and competitive candidates for long stroke applications due to high thrust force density, low cost and robust secondary, and high reliability. In the past decade, permanent magnet linear flux switching machines (PMLFSMs) with continuous secondary is researched by numerous researchers. However, cost of rare earth permanent magnet and iron material for continuous secondary in case of long stroke application makes PMLFSMs not an economical choice. In order to incorporate advantages of segmented secondary, such as: less use of stator iron, high power factor, and less critical saturation, a novel complementary dual mover field excited linear flux switching machine (FELFSMs) with segmented secondary and parallel magnetic structure is proposed and investigated in this paper. Furthermore, geometry-based deterministic optimization approach based on finite element analysis (FEA) is adopted to uplift overall thrust force profile, reduce secondary iron volume, and balance magnetic circuit of the machine. During optimization process, magnitude difference of flux flow between ac winding tooth and dc winding tooth is observed, that compel designers to go for unequal primary teeth design. Finally, optimal ac and dc current densities of geometrically optimized model and without any cooling arrangements are investigated for maximum average thrust force and minimum thrust force ripple ratio.

Vitamin A deficiency is a major cause of blindness and severe morbidity and mortality in young children. Supplementation of vitamin A in the community might reduce child mortality rates. The safety of high dose of vitamin A administered to neonates is not clear. We randomized 2058 neonates to receive either a single dose of 50 000 IU oral vitamin A (n=l031) or placebo (n=l027). Bulging fontanel and head circumference were assessed before and throughout 48 hours following dosing. Cranial ultrasound examination was carried out in 972 infants before and 24 hours after dosing to rule out intracranial hemorrhage and determine resistive index (Rl) of the anterior cerebral artery. Slight bulging fontanel occurred in 2. 7% and 4.4% of the infants at 24 hours. Moderate bulging fontanel was seen in 0.1% of study group, no severe bulging was observed. At 48 hours slight bulging fontanel was observed in 2.4% of control group and 4.5% in study group. No intracranial hemorrhage was found. Mean RI values were normal in both groups at baseline or 24 hours. Bulging fontanel was not associated with increased signs or symptom, or with increase in RI. Single oral dose of 50 000 vitamin A may cause a small increase in intracranial volume in a small proportion of infants, without increase in intracranial pressure.

Percentile curves representing intrauterine growth of Indonesian infants ranging from 34 to 43 weeks of gestation in 14 teaching centers were constructed from birth weight, birth length, and head, mid-upper arm, and chest circumferences. The gestational age was determined based on the last menstrual period. Mothers with probable chronic diseases or pregnancy complications were excluded. Included for analysis were 5844 singleton newborns. The mean birth weight of Indonesian babies was higher for gestational age of 34-38 weeks, but lower at 40-42 weeks of gestation compared with that of the Denver study. The results showed that the mean birth weight of Denver's newborns was significantly different than that of the Indonesian infants, therefore the Denver intrauterine growth curve cannot be used as reference curve for Indonesian newborns. Baby boys in general bad a higher mean birth weight, birth length, head circumference, and chest circumference. No difference was found for arm circumference. For every gestational age and percentiles, later born infants were heavier than first born infants. Birth weight at 42 weeks was lower for first born infants, this was not shown in later-born infants which showed higher weight for each percentiles. Parity affected birth weight more than birth length. Birth length became more stable at 39 weeks. Chest circumference of < 29 em had the highest sensitivit,y and positive predictive value for low birth weight, followed by arm circumference of < 9 cm. The use of intrauterine growth chart in studying the nutritional status of babies at birth was described.

The objective of this study was to model the physical and mechanical properties of 100% cotton slub yarns commonly used in denim and other casual wear. Statistical models were developed using central composite experimental design of the response surface methodology. Yarn’s linear density, slub thickness, slub length and pause length were used as the key input variables while yarn strength, elongation, coefficient of mass variation, imperfections and hairiness were used as response/output variables. It was concluded that yarn strength and elongation increased with increase in linear density and pause length, and decreased with increase in slub thickness and slub length. Yarn mass variation and total imperfections increased with increase in slub thickness and pause length, whereas yarn imperfections and hairiness decreased with increase in slub length. It was further concluded that due to statistically significant square and interaction effects of some of the input variables, only the quadratic model instead of the linear models can adequately represent the relationship between the input and the output variables. These statistical models will be of great importance for the industrial personnel to improve their productivity and reduce sampling.

Urbanization is a big concern for both developed and developing countries in recent years. People shift themselves and their families to urban areas for the sake of better education and a modern lifestyle. Due to rapid urbanization, cities are facing huge challenges, one of which is waste management, as the volume of waste is directly proportional to the people living in the city. The municipalities and the city administrations use the traditional wastage classification techniques which are manual, very slow, inefficient and costly. Therefore, automatic waste classification and management is essential for the cities that are being urbanized for the better recycling of waste. Better recycling of waste gives the opportunity to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills by reducing the need to collect new raw material. In this paper, the idea of a real-time smart waste classification model is presented that uses a hybrid approach to classify waste into various classes. Two machine learning models, a multilayer perceptron and multilayer convolutional neural network (ML-CNN), are implemented. The multilayer perceptron is used to provide binary classification, i.e., metal or non-metal waste, and the CNN identifies the class of non-metal waste. A camera is placed in front of the waste conveyor belt, which takes a picture of the waste and classifies it. Upon successful classification, an automatic hand hammer is used to push the waste into the assigned labeled bucket. Experiments were carried out in a real-time environment with image segmentation. The training, testing, and validation accuracy of the purposed model was 0.99% under different training batches with different input features.

Students' knowledge of data analysis determines the quality of the research they report but they tend to perceive courses on statistics or data analysis as challenging and unappealing. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between biology education students' attitudes toward statistics and their proficiency in determining various data analytical techniques. This study involved biology education students from the Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang who had completed a course in statistics, research methods, and data analysis. The Survey of Attitudes Toward Statistics (SATS) and the Statistics Assessment of Graduate Students (SAGS) were used sequentially as instruments for collecting data on student attitudes toward statistics and data analysis competencies. The results revealed that while most students had positive attitudes toward statistics, they perceived the subject as challenging to learn. Additionally, the students demonstrated low levels of competency in data analysis. The aspects of cognitive competence and difficulty from SATS correlate significantly with their SAGS score. These results suggest that there is a need for a revision of the biology education curriculum to better equip students with the skills and knowledge to increase their data analysis competencies.