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Ozet Bu calismada, gilaburu meyvesi (Viburnum opulus, GILA) ekstraktinin Streptozotozin (STZ) enjeksiyonu ile diyabet modeli olusturulan sicanlarin kan glukoz seviyeleri ve bobrek doku homojenatlari uzerindeki etkilerinin arastirilmasi amaclanmistir. Kan glukoz duzeyleri seker olcum cihazi kullanilarak kuyruk kaninda bakildi. Glukoz tayini STZ enjeksiyonundan 48 saat sonra yapildi. Bunun icin 32 adet Wistar albino sican kullanildi. Sicanlar, her biri 8 hayvan iceren Kontrol, STZ, STZ + GILA ve GILA olmak uzere 4 gruba ayrilmistir. 12 hafta sonra sakrifiye edildiler. Calisma donemlerinde, kan glukoz seviyeleri belirli araliklarla olculdu ve bobrek doku parametreleri sakrifiye edildikten sonra doku homojenatlarinda olculdu. Olculen parametreler Glutatyon (GSH), Malondialdehit (MDA) ve Total Antioksidan Kapasite (TAK) idi. Calismadan elde edilen sonuclar SPSS yazilim programi kullanilarak analiz edildi ve P Anahtar kelimeler: Viburnum opulus, diyabet, bφbrek, oksidatif hasar, siηan In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of highbush cranberry (Viburnum opulus, GILA) fruit extract on blood glucose levels and kidney tissue homogenates of diabetes-modeled rats by injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Blood glucose levels of rats were measured in tail blood using a glucose meter. Glucose determination was done 48 h after STZ injection. For this, 32 Wistar albino rats were employed. The rats were divided into four groups; control, STZ, STZ + GILA, and GILA with containing eight animals each. After 12 weeks, they were sacrificed. During the study periods, blood glucose levels were measured periodically and kidney tissue parameters were measured in their homogenates after sacrificing the rats. The measured parameters were glutathione, Malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant status. The results obtained from the study were analyzed using the SPSS for Windows software, and P

Melatonin is a potent antioxidant agent that can scavenge oxy- and nitroradicals generated under hypoxic conditions in the brain. In this study, we investigated the effect of melatonin on protein oxidation and nitric oxide (NO) during hypoxia. Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley newborn rats were divided into three groups. Hypoxic (n=9) and melatonin (n=11) groups were subjected to 2h of hypoxic exposure (a humidity mixture of gases consisting of 92% nitrogen and 8% oxygen). Melatonin (at a dose of 10mg/kg) was administrated 30 min before the onset hypoxia and then at 24th and 48th hours after the end of the hypoxic exposure. Control (n=10) and hypoxic groups received the isotonic sodium chloride according to the same schedule. The brain tissue concentration of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and protein thiol (P-SH) was used as an index of protein oxidation. In our study, although AOPP and NO increased significantly, the levels of P-SH decreased in the hypoxic group. The level of AOPP was declined by melatonin treatment. However, perturbed thiol status could not be recovered by melatonin treatment. There was no relationship between the levels of NO and protein oxidation markers. These results indicate that exogenous melatonin could prevent AOPP, but that it is inadequate in recovering perturbed thiol status. Therefore, melatonin alone was observed to be an incomplete treatment to prevent protein oxidation in hypoxia-induced brain damage.

It has been reported that mental stress causes abnormality of spermiogram parameters. We investigated the effect of psychological stress on the L-arginine-nitric oxide (NO) pathway. Semen samples were collected from 29 healthy fourth semester medical students just before (stress) and 3 months after (non-stress) the final examinations. Psychological stress was measured by the State Anxiety Inventory questionnaire. After standard semen analysis, arginase activity and NO concentration were measured spectrophotometrically in the seminal plasma. Measurements were made in duplicate. During the stress period, sperm concentration (41.28 +/- 3.70 vs 77.62 +/- 7.13 x 10(6)/mL), rapid progressive motility of spermatozoa (8.79 +/- 1.66 vs 20.86 +/- 1.63%) and seminal plasma arginase activity (0.12 +/- 0.01 vs 0.22 +/- 0.01 U/mL) were significantly lower than in the non-stress situation, whereas seminal plasma NO (17.28 +/- 0.56 vs 10.02 +/- 0.49 micromol/L) was higher compared to the non-stress period (P0.001 for all). During stress there was a negative correlation between NO concentration and sperm concentration, the percentage of rapid progressive motility and arginase activity (r = -0.622, P0.01; r = -0.425, P0.05 and r = -0.445, P0.05, respectively). These results indicate that psychological stress causes an increase of NO level and a decrease of arginase activity in the L-arginine-NO pathway. Furthermore, poor sperm quality may be due to excessive production of NO under psychological stress. In the light of these results, we suggest that the arginine-NO pathway, together with arginase and NO synthase, are involved in semen quality under stress conditions.

Purpose: Our purpose was to investigate the changes in antioxidant defense systems due to internal mammary artery (IMA) perfusion during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operations in which proximal anastomoses were completed under partial bypass with the aid of a side-biting clamp. Material and Method: Twenty-five patients to be studied were divided into two groups according to the criterion of whether during proximal anastomoses left internal mammary artery (LIMA) perfusion was applied ( n = 15, LIMA group) or not ( n = 10, non-LIMA group). The erythrocyte catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), serum lipid peroxidation (LPO) products and whole blood reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were measured in the blood samples taken from the coronary sinus before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (t1), before declamping (t2), at the 5th min after declamping (t3), at the 5th (t4) and 15th (t5) min after removing the side-biting clamp. Results: While erythrocyte CAT enzyme activity decreases in both groups after the basal measurements, no significant difference was detected between the groups. Although the GSH levels did not differ at t1, t2 and t3, they were found to be higher in the LIMA group at t4 ( p = 0.006) and t5 ( p = 0.021). The erythrocyte SOD enzyme activity decreased after the basal measurements in both groups, but this reduction was less in the LIMA group at t4 ( p= 0.034) and t5 ( p = 0.018) compared to the other group. LPO products rose in both groups when reperfusion started after declamping. The levels of LPO products were significantly higher at t4 and t5 in the non-LIMA group than the other group ( p = 0.011 and p = 0.008). Conclusion: If proximal anastomoses of coronary grafts are completed under partial bypass, permitting LIMA perfusion during this procedure will be beneficial to antioxidant defense systems.