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Background: The Iraqi conflicts that have unfolded since 2013 have given rise to the most significant displacement crisis in the Middle East in more than six decades. Approximately 4.5 million Iraqis have been forced to leave their residences, resulting in Iraqis emerging as one of the globe's most extensively displaced communities. Aim: This study aims to assess the physical health problems of people displaced in Hamam Al-Alil Camp. Methods: The cross-sectional survey study design was performed in Hamam Al-Alil camps (Located on the western bank of the Tigris River in the Nineveh Governorate in Iraq, to the south of Mosul) for the period of 26th December 2017 throughout 1st March 2018. The sample of the study consists of (869) participants. Results: The study distributed 869 surveys which show that the estimation of females was (54%), while males (46%), most of the participants in this study were at age (18-30) years old, and the majority of them reported at least one chronic condition. Conclusions: This study concluded that most of the participants were female (54%), middle-aged, and reported a high prevalence of suffering from physical health symptoms such as hypertension, diabetes, and diarrhea. Recommendation: Resettlement partners should be mindful of the unique health challenges affecting this population to effectively meet the community's specific needs.

Background: There are multiple pieces of evidence in the literature that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a pronounced effect on physiological health. There is little existing literature that has studied the pandemic's impact on adhesive capsulitis (AC) incidence. This study aimed to compare the incidence of primary AC before and during the pandemic. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was done to establish the incidence of primary AC during the COVID-19 pandemic, from March 2020 to March 2021, the pandemic period, and from March 2019 to March 2020, the control period. During these periods, all patients diagnosed with primary AC were included. Patients were also categorized into three different treatment groups according to corticosteroid injection status (none, 1 injection, and 2 injections). The waiting time for the appointment was calculated as a possible confounding factor. Statistical analysis used the chi-square for categorical variables and the Student t test for continuous variables. Results: There were 69 patients diagnosed with primary AC out of 704 new referrals during the pandemic. One year earlier, a total of 73 patients were diagnosed with primary AC out of 1148 new referrals. Representing a relative increase of 3.5% (P = .086) in the incidence of primary AC. No significant differences were found between the control and the pandemic groups in regard to the distribution of patients per treatment group (P = .13), age (P = .49), sex (P = .21), laterality (P = .54), diabetic disease (P = .45), and thyroid disease (P = .62). Conclusion: There was a nonstatistically significant increase in the incidence of primary AC during the COVID-19 pandemic. No other significant differences were found. Further research is still needed to evaluate the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and AC.

The research aims to study the estimation of the volume of water losses from surface streams in each of Lake Habbaniyah، and to achieve this goal the study adopted a descriptive approach to explain the reasons for the increase in the volume of water losses and study the factors affecting them. different، and it was found in general through the research that there are large amounts of surface water wasted through several processes، the most important of which are (leakage – evaporation. Where the latter worked to increase the amount of water losses from surface streams because the amount of evaporation from a water body during a specific period depends on two groups، the first includes climatic factors that carry between its folds، solar radiation، temperature، relative humidity ... etc.) and the second group includes factors related to The nature of water and its characteristics in terms of water quality، water depth، size and shape of water bodies. The results proved that both groups worked directly to increase the amount of water losses and thus led to a decrease in the amount of water in the study area، so this study came as an attempt to clarify the reality of the possibilities available to estimate the volume of water losses in Lake Habbaniyah، and its role in economic evaluation by working to reduce evaporation and shortage rates The occurrence of water، which leads to hitting the existing tourism in that region.

Combined heat and power (CHP) plants are known as efficient technologies to reduce environmental emissions, balance energy costs, and increase total energy efficiency. To obtain a more efficient system, various optimization methods have been employed, based on numerical, experimental, parametric, and algorithmic optimization routes. Due to the significance of algorithmic optimization, as a systematic method for optimizing energy systems, this novel review paper is focused on the meta-heuristic optimization algorithms, implemented in CHP energy systems. By considering the applied objective functions, the main sections are divided into single-objective and multi-objective algorithms. In each case, the units’ combination is briefly detailed, the objective functions are introduced, and analyses are conducted. The main aim of this paper is to gather a database for the optimization of CHPs, demonstrate the effect of the applied optimization methods on the objective functions, and finally, introduce the most efficient methods. The most significant feature of this paper is that it covers all types of CHP optimization issues including scheduling, sizing, and designing problems, finding the extent of each optimization issue in the relevant papers in the last decade. Based on the findings, in the single-objective problems the combined heat and power economic dispatch (CHPED) issue as a subcategory of the scheduling problems is introduced as the most paid topic; the designing issue is known as the lowest paid topic. In the multi-objective problems, working on various types of CHP optimization problems has been conducted with an almost similar share. The combined heat and power economic emission dispatch (CHPEED) problem with the most share, and the sizing issue with the lowest share. The CHP designing and sizing optimization issues could be introduced as topics to work on more in the future. Additionally, the numerical results of CHPED and CHPEED problems solved by various algorithms are presented and compared. In this regard, specified test systems are considered.

This paper aims at studying linguistic moderation of Qur’an reciters and how it is viewed from Alhijazians’ and Altamimies’ perspectives. This study adopts, abuu, umar recitation and his approach of, alfatih and al,imaalah etc., as a model. The paper also introduces lexical and contextual definitions of linguistic moderation. It examines the linguistic moderation of, abuu, umar’s recitations and discusses some of the aspects of linguistic moderation and the reasons behind it. The most significant findings of this study show that linguistic moderation is a combination of two different famous and common linguistic habits when reciting Qur’an, including as an example, the use of both alfatih and al,imaalah at the same time. According to this approach, one linguistic habit is chosen in a specific context with a specific style or word, while using other linguistic habits in other cases. Other findings of this study also reveal that linguistic moderation used by, abuu, umar can be attributed to linguistic and dialectal reasons.

The importance of MHD nanofluid has increased due to its significant thermal characteristics. Influence of Joule heating on nanomaterial heat transfer in a duct is reported. In order to nanofluid simulation, Buongiorno model is incorporate. Governing formulas are turn into ODE by means of similarity transformation and then solved by Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM). Outputs for various values of Pr, Ha, Ec, Buoyancy ratio, Schmidt number, suction parameter and Brownian motion parameters are depicted. Our outcomes indicated that temperature improves with augment of viscous dissipation but it reduces with growth of Ha. Skin friction coefficient rises with augment of Ec while it reduces with augment of magnetic forces. Keywords: Magnetic field, Nanofluid, Induced magnetic field, ADM, Joule heating

In the present paper, the Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li (KKL) approach is used to study the flow of nanofluid between two circular tubes in occurrence of Lorentz force. Solving the corresponding ODEs is done by means of homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The effect of different active parameters, i.e. Eckert number (Ec), aspect ratio (η), magnetic number (Ha), and Reynolds number (Re) is investigated. Findings indicate that the gradient of temperature augments as Ha, Ec and η rises. However, growth of Re leads to a reduction in temperature gradient. Furthermore, increasing the Lorentz forces results in a reduction in velocity while augmentation of Re enhances the speed. Keywords: Rotary tubes, Magnetic field, Nanofluid, KKL model, HPM

BACKGROUND: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has been used for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis and screening, however, AFP has poor specificity. The extensive hypervascularity associated with HCC could be driven in part by the pro-angiogenic factor known as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Furthermore, invasiveness of certain HCC lesions has recently been linked to high levels of VEGF. Therefore, circulating VEGF levels of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and HCC were investigated and analysed. METHODS: An analytical cross sectional study was designed. Diagnosis of HCC and LC was performed using clinical criteria and findings obtained from B-mode ultrasonography (USG), computed tomography (CT) angiography, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Blood were collected intravenously from all subjects. Obtained serum and plasma were stored in -80°C for following analyses: hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg), hepatitis C virus (HCV), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, albumin, VEGF and AFP. RESULTS: Levels of VEGF and AFP were significantly higher in HCC group compared with LC group with p=3.05x10-6 and p=8.74x10-5, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation (p=0.029, r=0.309) between VEGF level and tumor size in HCC group. The area under curve (AUC) for VEGF level in HCC and LC groups was 0.771. In the level of median 435.6 pg/mL VEGF, the sensitivity was 50% and specificity was 86%. In the level of 199.99 pg/mL VEGF the sensitivity was 74% and specificity was 76%. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggested that VEGF level could be a useful marker for the presence of HCC in patients with LC. KEYWORDS: hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC, liver cirrhosis, LC, vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF, alpha-fetoprotein, AFP.

The aim of this work was to study the effects of sub-lethal exposure of lead acetate on the histopathology of the gills, liver, kidney and muscle and its accumulation in these organs of Clarias gariepinus. Results showed that lead accumulation in the tissues of C. gariepinus was dependent on the exposure period and lead concentration. Gills and liver were the predominant storage tissue and the order of accumulation in tissues was gill > liver > kidney > muscle. Some structural changes were observed in different organs, especially in the gills of the fishes exposed to lead acetate. Epithelial hypertrophy and epithelial lifting were apparent in the gills of exposed fishes. The degeneration of cytoplasm and secondary lamellae was also observed. Necrosis of hepatocytes was apparent. Glomerular expansion and gaps between the muscular bundles were found in the fishes exposed to lead acetate.

This study aims to explore the effect of occupational stress on occupational motivation and job satisfaction among teachers in government schools in the sultanate of Oman from the perspective of teachers. The study follows a cross-sectional research design and uses a research questionnaire as the main tool with standardized scales to measure occupational stress, occupational motivation and job satisfaction. The probability sampling method was used to select respondents randomly using a sampling frame obtained from the Ministry of Education. The sample size of the study comprises 410 schoolteachers in the Sultanate of Oman. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the relationships across the variables. The results showed a statistically significant effect of occupational stress on occupational motivation and job satisfaction, and a statistically significant effect of job satisfaction on occupational motivation. Awareness programs are recommended to help build the respect that teachers deserve for the essential roles they play in their work environment with respect to preparing the new generation for future endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]