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We prepared a unique platinum doped iron vanadate (Pt/FeVO4) composite for escalating the photocatalytic performance via the facile hydrothermal method using iron nitrate (Fe(NO3)3.9H2O), Ammonia metavanadate (NH4VO3) and chloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6), as major precursors. Characterization results revealed that the FeVO4 and well dispersed platinum Pt/FeVO4 are in the range of around 150 nm to 200 nm size, which developed transportations of the photo-generated electron into FeVO4, consequently efficient separation of the photo-generated carrier in coupled Pt/FeVO4 nanocomposites heterostructure. The multi characterizations result indicated that excellent adsorption abilities of Pt/FeVO4 composites were strongly associated with Pt doping. The induce impedance spectroscopy and Photoluminance results demonstrated that Pt enhances separations efficiency as well as transferring rates for photo-generated charge. The EPR data suggest that reactive oxygen species (OH•, h+, •O2) were the most important factors in methylene blue (MB) degradation. As a result, Pt/FeVO4 exhibits the greater photocatalytic ability to degradations for MB dye for visible light irradiation compared to pure FeVO4.

Cereals are a major source of protein and carbohydrates for humans, but significant nutritional elements, such as carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are deficient. Deficiency of PUFAs in humans leads to various syndromes related to the skin, reproductive, nervous, and inflammatory systems. Carotenoids act as a free radical scavengers and antioxidants due to their strong potential to cure many chronic diseases and protect against the effects of aging. Different biological strategies, such as solid-state fermentation and genetic engineering have been devised to synthesize nutritious cereals effectively. This chapter will provide unusual insight into how genetic engineering is beneficial for pigmented cereals products and discuss the limitation of this method. One of the most promising techniques is solid-state fermentation (SSF), in which micro-organisms are grown on a solid substrate in the absence of free water, and stimulate the fermentation process. Because of specific microbes with solid-state fermentation, new commercial opportunities for cereals and their by-products such as carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids have emerged.

Biotransformation of wasted feathers via feather-degrading enzyme has gained immense popularity, low conversion efficiency hinders its scale application, and the main purpose of this study is to improve feather-degrading enzyme production in Bacillus licheniformis. Firstly, keratinase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens K11 was attained with the best performance for feather hydrolysis, via screening several extracellular proteases from Bacillus; also, feather powder was proven as the most suitable substrate for determination of feather-degrading enzyme activity. Then, expression elements, including signal peptides and promoters, were optimized, and the combination of signal peptide SP

A silent monster, breast cancer, is a challenging medical task for researchers. Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in women with respect to other cancers. A case of breast cancer is diagnosed among women every 19 seconds, and every 74 seconds, a woman dies of breast cancer somewhere in the world. Several risk factors, such as genetic and environmental factors, favor breast cancer development. This review tends to provide deep insights regarding the genetics of breast cancer along with multiple diagnostic and therapeutic approaches as problem-solving negotiators to prevent the progression of breast cancer. This assembled data mainly aims to discuss omics-based approaches to provide enthralling diagnostic biomarkers and emerging novel therapies to combat breast cancer. This review article intends to pave a new path for the discovery of effective treatment options.

Histopathological alteration in the respiratory system of COVID-19 patient is mainly caused due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). HRCT is a highly diagnostic tool to detect COVID-19, as chest computerized tomography (CT) describes pre and post effect of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the respiratory system by radiological findings such as Ground-glass opacity, Pleural effusion, bilateral consolidation, and Interlobular septal thickening.

Objectives Lupinus is a large and diverse genus comprising approximately 200 species, belonging to the family Fabaceae. Lupinus plants have been used for heart stimulants, nerves, urinary tract infections, skin disorders, and psoriasis in folk medicine. This review aims to recap the traditional medicinal uses, nutritional value, phytochemical profile, and biological activities of Lupinus species. Key findings From the literature survey, Lupinus is considered as a factory of various phytochemicals like flavonoids, iso-flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids. The presence of proteins, essential fatty acids, and amino acids, as well as alkaloids, minerals, and dietary fibers, indicated that the plants in this genus had a high nutritional value. The Lupinus extracts displayed promising antidiabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Conclusions The current review provides updated information that could drive the researchers for further studies. The in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated various pharmacological properties. Some pharmacokinetic and toxicological investigations are warranted to ensure its safety and validity for human use.

Nowadays food borne illness is most common in people due to their epidemic nature. These diseases affect the human digestive system through bacteria, viruses and parasites. The agents of illness are transmitted in our body through various types of food items, water and uncooked. Pathogens show drastic changes in immunosuppressant people. This review gives general insights to harmful microbial life. Pakistan is a developed country and because of its improper food management, a lot of gastrointestinal problems are noted in many patients. Bacteria are most common agents to spread diarrhoea, villi infection, constipation and dysenteric disease in human and induce the rejection of organ transplant. Enhancement of their lifestyle, properly cooked food should be used and to overcome the outbreak of the diseases. Resumo Hoje em dia, as doenças transmitidas por alimentos são mais comuns em pessoas devido à sua natureza epidêmica. Essas doenças afetam o sistema digestivo humano por meio de bactérias, vírus e parasitas. Os agentes das doenças são transmitidos em nosso corpo por meio de diversos tipos de alimentos, água e crus. Os patógenos mostram mudanças drásticas em pessoas imunossupressoras. Esta revisão fornece uma visão geral da vida microbiana prejudicial. O Paquistão é um país desenvolvido e, devido ao seu manejo alimentar inadequado, muitos problemas gastrointestinais são observados em muitos pacientes. As bactérias são os agentes mais comuns para espalhar diarreia, infecção de vilosidades, obstipação e doença disentérica em humanos e induzem a rejeição de transplantes de órgãos. Melhoria de seu estilo de vida, alimentos devidamente cozidos devem ser utilizados e para superar o aparecimento de doenças.

BackgroundTyphoid fever and Helicobacter pylori infection increases the secretion of gastric acid that leads to gastric carcinoma. In this research, we have tried to investigate the prevalence of typhoid and H. pylori in Faisalabad, Pakistan.MethodIn the present study, we collected the laboratory reports from different hospital of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (Chicago, IL), version 25 was used for data processing.ResultOur results demonstrated that H. pylori was most frequent in male at the age of 41–50-year-old and typhoid in female having 21-30 age.ConclusionConclusively, mostly female in typhoid and male in H. pylori were infected. People having 21-30 age were greatly infected by typhoid. The patients owing the 41-50 age were more susceptible for H. pylori infections. By comparing the co-infection rate, we found that typhoid is most common in over all age group than H. pylori.

Development of insecticides resistance mainly hinge with managements techniques for the control of Jassid, Amrasca biguttutla biguttutla. Five insecticides were applied against field collected and laboratory rared jassid populations during the years of 2017 to 2019 to profile their resistance level against field population of jassid through leaf dip method. Very low resistance level was found in jassid against confidor whereas high level of resistance was observed by pyriproxyfen against other test insecticides. Gradual resistance was observed against diafenthiuron. It is concluded that for the management of Jassid repetition of same insecticide should be avoided. The use of confidor may be reduced to overcome resistance against Jassid. Resumo Desenvolvimento da resistência a inseticidas principalmente em dobradiça com técnicas de manejo para o controle de jassid, Amrasca biguttutla biguttutla. Cinco inseticidas foram aplicados contra populações de jassídeos coletados em campo e em laboratório durante os anos de 2017 a 2019 para traçar o perfil de seu nível de resistência contra populações de jassídeos em campo através do método de imersão nas folhas. Nível de resistência muito baixo foi encontrado em jassid contra confidor, enquanto alto nível de resistência foi observado por piriproxifeno contra outros inseticidas de teste. Resistência gradual foi observada contra o diafenthiuron. Conclui-se que, para o manejo do jassid, a repetição do mesmo inseticida deve ser evitada. O uso de confidor pode ser reduzido para superar a resistência contra jassid.

Natural compounds due to their less toxicity for human health are desired for antimicrobial food packaging. Natural compounds derived from plants, animals and microorganisms such as oils, phenols, terpenes, aliphatic compounds, aldehydes, organic acids and glucosinolates. Polyphenol around food inhibits gas exchange, moisture, flavor and other soluble transfer, hence, increase shelf life. Less use of phenols in food is enhanced by using polyphenols in the food industry, that maintain superficial expression, lowering bacterial activity at upper surfaced of vegetables, fruits and raw muscle food. From hypothetical studies, it is estimated that synthetic or artificial antibacterial agents are more beneficial as compared to the natural. Microbe’s free food is an innovative demand of the food industry and it is need of the hour to use cheaper safer and healthy ways for the preservation of food. The meat industry is dependent on the antimicrobial packaging which is necessary for the safety of the meat. Efficient packaging and antimicrobial agents are the main aspects of the best quality and safety of meat and meat products. This review gives new insight into natural compounds used for antimicrobial food packaging and the application of antimicrobial food packaging.

Health care associated infections also termed as nosocomial infections are notable cause of morbidity and mortality especially in resource limited countries like Pakistan. Newborns and aged people have more probability of being infected by Health care associated infections because of immunosuppressant. Central line associated blood stream infections (CLABSI) are considered as one of the promising negotiator associated with Health Care associated infections. Improper health care setting and unaware medical staff play a championship protagonist in prevalence of health care associated infections. Standard hygienic measures should be adopted to reduce risk of Health care associated infections. So, there is a pressing need to take on control policies by Government to handle this dilemma. This chapter gives new intuition to healthcare associated microbes, infections and provides comprehensive detailed on ironic precaution to scientific community.

Palindromic rheumatism is a syndrome characterized by recurrent, self-resolving, and inflammatory attacks in and around the joints that have long recognized association with rheumatoid arthritis. PR attacks mostly start in small joints i.e. knees, shoulder, and small joints of the hand. Whether PR should be considered as a single disease or prodrome of RA remains a thought-provoking question. Multiple genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of PR. Many studies have explained the relationship between a high concentration of Anti-CCP antibodies and PR. Potential benefits of Gold therapy have been recognized in literature but still, there are some questions about toxicity and efficacy that need further considerations. In addition to that anti-malarial drugs, Abatacept, Tofacitinib, and Rituximab showed the variable result in different patients and needed further study to validate their medical use. Moreover, yarrow, oat, colchicum, dill, fennel, wild rue, bitter melon, willow, garlic, and burdock seem suitable candidates to treat rheumatoid although their use in PR is still not reported. Additional experimental researches on these drugs lead to an increase in our knowledge to fight against PR in the future using novel therapeutic approaches. We have attempted to cover this topic in a chapter form to provide a comprehensive view and hope that it will serve as a reference for clinicians who treat patients with PR.

Natural products are infinite resources of phytochemicals which continue to serve humans as natural drugs since ancient times. Polyphenols are natural plant-derived pharmacologically active compounds which have potential therapeutic properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor. Edible plants particularly phytochemicals and their biological activity in the human body is a trending subject of scientific investigations. Polyphenols are divided into three categories: flavonoids, non-flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Flavonoids have been further categorized as flavones, flavanones, flavonols, flavanols, and isoflavones, even as phenolic acids are classified into hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids. Polyphenols are bioactive compounds to manage the several autoimmune disorder such as vitiligo, ulcerative colitis, and multiple sclerosis through eliciting various intracellular pathways specifically (NF-κB), signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway. This chapter tends to provide a new insight into biomedical application of polyphenol for cancer, UTIs, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative disorders.

Modern day civilization is dependent on energy generation by fossil fuels. But the major drawback of using fossil fuels is environmental pollution. Microalgae are potential candidate for production of various products of interest, such as proteins, mini food, pigments and triglycerides that can be converted into biofuels. Lignocellulosic feedstocks are the most abundantly available raw material of plants that can serve as a promising feedstock for cultivating bacteria, fungi, yeasts and microalgae to produce biofuels and other value-added products. Owing to the abundant availability of these low/no cost substrates, can be utilized as feedstocks for cultivating microalgae to generate biogas/biodiesel. Likewise, there is much room to exploit defatted algal biomass to be used as animal/fish feed and oil producing/accumulating genes knowledge in future to produce high and good quality biodiesel and biogas.