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Capillary pressure is a significant parameter in characterizing and modeling petroleum reservoirs. However, costly laboratory measurements may not be sufficiently available in some cases. The problem amplifies for carbonate reservoirs because relatively enormous capillary pressure curves are required for reservoir study due to heterogeneity. In this work, the laboratory measurements of capillary pressure and formation resistivity index were correlated as both parameters are functions of saturation. Forty-one core samples from an Iraqi carbonate reservoir were used to develop the correlation according to the hydraulic flow units concept. Flow zone indicator (FZI) and Pore Geometry and Structure (PGS) approaches were used to identify the reservoir hydraulic flow units. The experimentally derived correlations can be used to predict capillary pressure from resistivity, which is widely available from well-logs. FZI and PGS rock typing methods were applied to characterize the reservoir rock types. For both methods, the log-log plot of Leverett J-function and capillary pressure versus resistivity index for each rock type represent a power-law model relationship between these parameters. Despite the good permeability-porosity prediction results, the FZI approach did not yield a good correlation between J and I. PGS resulted in a better performance in terms of both permeability-porosity prediction and Pc with I correlation because PGS honors the pore geometry and structure relationship with the mean hydraulic radius more than FZI. This work introduces a new correlating approach that aims to assist in reservoir characterization and simulation.

This article develops and investigates the behavior of soliton solutions for the spatiotemporal conformable Klein–Gordon equation (CKGE), a well-known mathematical physics model that accounts for spinless pion and de-Broglie waves. To accomplish this task, we deploy an effective analytical method, namely, the modified extended direct algebraic method (mEDAM). This method first develops a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (NODE) through the use of a wave transformation. With the help of generalized Riccati NODE and balancing nonlinearity with the highest derivative term, it then assumes a finite series-form solution for the resulting NODE, from which four clusters of soliton solutions – generalized rational, trigonometric, exponential, and hyperbolic functions – are derived. Using contour and three-dimensional visuals, the behaviors of the soliton solutions – which are prominently described as dark kink, bright kink, breather, and other NN-soliton waves – are examined and analyzed. These results have applications in solid-state physics, nonlinear optics, quantum field theory, and a more thorough knowledge of the dynamics of the CKGE.

The research aimed to identify the correlation between the sports marketing strategy and the competitive advantage of institutional sports clubs in Iraq. The researchers used the descriptive approach using the analytical survey method and correlational relationships, in order to suit the requirements and procedures of his research. For the purpose of achieving the objectives of any research and studying its variables, it is necessary to know the original society with its characteristics and components. Because the use of any method is considered an incomplete case unless the study population is described clearly and accurately. The research population was determined from members of the administrative bodies of institutional sports clubs in Iraq, who numbered (404) members of the administrative body, distributed among (49) sports clubs, and a sample was determined. Search from the origin community by a percentage of(86.63). Since the research sample was approved as (350) members of the administrative body out of the total number, the questionnaires were distributed to the application sample, which numbered (150) members of the administrative body in the institutional clubs on 3/28/2022, and the phrases were arranged randomly so that the respondent would not be limited to one area. One particular over the other. Then the questionnaires were collected after a specific period, and they were rearranged in an organized manner according to each field in preparation for subjecting them to statistical treatments. The researchers used the SPSS statistical package, through a set of statistics that suit the requirements of the research and methods for obtaining the required results. The results of the sample proved Application: There is a moral correlation to the results of the significance level values ​​between the two research measures (sports marketing strategy) and (competitive advantage). The researcher attributes this to the moral correlation in the variables being that competitive advantage requires successful management that believes in organizational change to develop a sports marketing strategy that will be a center for achieving imports. The additional level is under specialized marketing management, and all the results of the three measurement areas have been discussed in detail.

The contemporary poem plays a special role given to society's atmosphere to express social themes to empower the spirit of cooperation and sympathy. The poem is not a phenomenon unique to the poet but social issues are important factors to create a poem, as the poet understands the spirit of his people's age and knows their happiness and grief. Investigating the poet's social commitment is one of the main pillars of studying literature sociology. We studied the social issues of Muhammad Ghazavi's collection of poems, which is published in concurrence with corona prevalence in 2020 and during corona epidemics crisis as “Love in the Time of Corona". The poet is influenced and infected by corona and he depicted missing friends who passed away without saying goodbye. He talked about the pain of the disease and he is the healer of the patients. Meanwhile, he did not slack off against the corona's stubbornness and he did not calm down and relied on his art and poet and turned to poetry. He understood the pain and torture of his compatriots and took the dimensions and manifestations of the disease into account. As it can be seen, he made love with the excruciating pain and hardness of this disaster and may be found shelter or calm in this flirting. He regrets his past times. Ghazavi talked about the effects and damages of this epidemic the life and society such as the closure of mosques and places of worship as well as the effect of the disease on the behavior and ethic of the people. He reminded us of real heroes, honorable doctors who encountered this epidemic then ended his speeches with an elegy on the dead. The poet is eminent at depicting this epidemic and its dimensions on his characteristic and society from both art and literary viewpoint. He revealed the vices and virtues the people and the society indicated of themselves at the prevalence of this epidemic disease and the differences between good and bad people in his poems. He ended his poems with prayers and supplications to God Almighty. This feature distinguishes him from other poems. This prayer-like termination is adjusted with the spirit of his compatriots.

The majority of screening instruments for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) rely on subjective questions given to caregivers. Although behavioral observation is more objective, it is also more expensive, takes longer to complete, and requires a high level of competence. Therefore, there is still a dire need to create workable, scalable, and trustworthy systems that can identify ASD risk behaviors. Since there are no known causes of autism, early detection and intense therapy can significantly alter the behavior of children and people with the disorder. Artificial intelligence has made this possible, saving many lives in the process. Utilizing biological pictures, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be defined as a mental illness type which can be identified. The neurological condition known as ASD is linked to brain development and affects later appearance of the flask framework, a convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, and physical impression of the face. Xception, Visual Geometry Group Network (VGG16) the classification job was carried out using the previously trained models. 2,940 face photos made up the dataset utilized for the testing of those models, which was obtained via Kaggle platform. Outputs of the 3 models of deep learning have been evaluated with the use of common measures of assessment, including accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. With a 91% accuracy rate, Xception model had the greatest results. And theVGG16 models came next with (75%).

In the current study, several soft-computing methods including artificial neural networks (ANNs), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), gene expression programming (GEP), and hybrid wavelet theory-GEP (WGEP) are used for modeling the groundwater's electrical conductivity (EC) variable. Hence, the groundwater samples from three sources (deep well, semi-deep well, and aqueducts), located in six basins of Iran (Urmia Lake (UL), Sefid-rud (SR), Karkheh (K), Kavir-Markazi (KM), Gavkhouni (G), and Hamun-e Jaz Murian (HJM)) with various climate conditions, were collected during 2004–2018. The results of the WGEP model with data de-noising showed the best performance in estimating the EC variable, considering all types of groundwater resources with various climatic conditions. The Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) values of the WGEP model were varied from 162.068 to 348.911, 73.802 to 171.376, 29.465 to 351.489, 118.149 to 311.798, 217.667 to 430.730, and 76.253 to 162.992 μScm−1 in the areas of UL, SR, K, KM, G, and HJM basins. The WGEP model's performance (R-values) for deep wells, semi-deep wells, and aqueducts of the areas of the KM basin associated with the arid steppe cold (Bsk) dominant climate classification was the best. Also, the WGEP's extracted mathematical equations could be used for EC estimating in other basins. HIGHLIGHTS Iran's groundwater resources face a critical situation.; The Electrical Conductivity (EC) variable of various groundwater resources was estimated using single and hybrid wavelet theory methods.; The impact of various climatic categories on the EC estimation was evaluated.; The data de-noising by wavelet tools can improve the performance of EC estimation models.;

This case report describes a woman with no psychiatric history and previously diagnosed Hashimoto’s thyroiditis who presented to the psychiatric emergency department with a first episode of psychosis. The initial workup for organic causes of psychosis revealed an astronomically high thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (> 1,000 μIU/mL) out of proportion to the patient’s minimal physical symptoms of hypothyroidism. Additionally the patient’s head imaging showed an enlarged pituitary, a rare, but reversible, presentation of chronically untreated primary hypothyroidism. The patient was transferred to a medical unit to receive IV thyroid hormone replacement as well as an adjunctive antipsychotic to assist with remission of her distressing auditory hallucinations and persecutory delusions. This case highlights the importance of a thorough medical workup for causes of new onset psychosis and the need for further consensus in the literature regarding choice of antipsychotic and duration of treatment for psychosis secondary to hypothyroidism.

Background: Depending on the surgeon's preference, different locations for trocar incision can be used to extract the gallbladder. Some studies are claiming that epigastric port is better for retrieval due to easiness for the surgeon as there is no need to change the position of the telescope and readjustment of the surgeon’s position. Other studies show the superiority of umbilical port in terms of pain. Setting: Sulaimani Teaching Hospital. Aims: The current work aims at evaluating the port site for gallbladder retrieval in LCin terms of time for extracting the specimen, frequency of port site pain, surgical site infection, and incisional hernia. Patients and methods: This is a prospective randomized study including 108 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It was conducted in Sulaimani Teaching Hospital from October 1st, 2020, to September 30th, 2021. Patients were divided into two groups matched in gender and age: Group A: Gallbladder was extracted from the epigastric port while in Group B: Gallbladder was extracted from the supra-umbilical port. Results: A two comparable groups of patients matched in gender and age were recruited with a mean age of 41.2 + 11.04 years ranged 20-68 years. Overall, 52.78 % (n=57) were female and 47.22% (n=51) were male with F/M ratio of 1.11/1. The time of the LCfor [21±4 min] was more in group B [n= 42, 38.9%] patients in contra to group A[n=37, 34.3%] patients, while for [33±2 minutes] it was more in group A [n= 6, 5.6% ] patients. Retrieval of the almost all the excised gall bladder (n=54, 98.18% patients) via supraumbilical port needs less time (≤5 minutes) in comparison to epigastric port (n=40, 75.47% patients). Conclusion: Based on these findings the safety and ease of supra-umbilical port for extraction of gallbladder during LChas been better than that in using epigastric port. Furthermore, it has taken less operative time with less patients complained of pain or surgical site infection, abscess, and port site incisional hernia.

The main aim of this study is to highlight how the Alana River Basin (ARB) will meet future water needs and optimal monthly water distribution policies. The Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP) model was applied in order to determine the ARB and the operation plan policy using data for the past 16 years (2000-2015). The model result determined that the current regulations and practices regarding water use and pollution patterns are inadequate. An ideal scheme has been developed and implemented for various scenarios such as domestic water needs, irrigation water, and tourism. Four scenarios have been considered in this study, which are basic scenarios, a higher population growth scenario, a severe flow requirements scenario, and a scenario of adding dams. Comparisons show that the demand for water from April to September is high due to the agriculture season and the high temperature. The maximum demand for water is 3 million cubic meters, which occurs in August, while the proposed dam provides only 2 million cubic meters. In addition, the maximum demand for domestic water is 0.4733 MCM and the minimum is 0.36978 MCM, which is roughly the same level of water demand for every month. Accordingly, the government should start supplementing the Gali Bale dam. However, it is not a sufficient dam to cover the water demand, so the construction of additional dams is strongly suggested.

Abstract Background In this pooled 2-center series LINAC radiosurgery (SRS) has been applied as a treatment option for a subset of refractory trigeminal neuralgia (TN) patients. This study approached to retrospectively assess the efficacy and safety of LINAC SRS and to provide a brief overview addressed to the technical development from frame-based towards frameless robotic SRS. Methods From 2001 to 2017 n = 55 patients (pts) were treated, n = 28 were female (51%), mean age: 66 years (range 36–93 years); TN etiology: 37 classic TN, 15 multiple sclerosis (MS)-related TN, 2 symptomatic TN, and 1 atypical TN. Previous treatment was present in n = 35 (63.6%) pts. (some multiple or combined) with n = 23 microsurgical vascular decompression and n = 17 percutaneous retrogasserian rhizotomy. A 6 MV LINAC (4–5 mm collimators) was applied in all pts. (n = 26 framebased - n = 29 frameless robotic). The dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) was targeted in n = 35 cases and the retrogasserian target in n = 20 pts. with a homogeneous dose for the entire study cohort (90 Gy). SRS outcome was measured using the Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) score for pain and hypaesthesia and statistically evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyzes. Results Mean follow-up (FU) was 30 months (2 lost FU); the total rate of post SRS BNI pain I-IIIa (=painfree w or w/o medication) was 69% (88% for the classic TN pts), 29% (38.8% classic TN) were classified as BNI pain I-II (=painfree w/o medication). A BNI hypaesthesia II-III was present in 9.4% (n = 5) and BNI hypaesthesia IV in n = 2. Between groups analysis demonstrated no correlation of SRS responsiveness with age, gender, MS- or not MS-associated TN, previous surgery, framebased/frameless robotic SRS. DREZ targeting significantly better suppressed TN compared to RG targeting (p = 0.01). Additionally, a statistical trend for a better BNI pain outcome (p = 0.07) along with a significant increase in BNI hypaesthesia (p = 0.01) was found when using a larger partial trigeminal 70 Gy volume. Conclusion Our retrospective analysis support LINAC SRS as an effective and safe treatment option in TN. Frameless robotic SRS of TN is safe when using a dedicated LINAC system. A target definition closer to the brainstem and tendencially a larger target volume were associated with a better outcome for pain.

Turfgrass actual evapotranspiration (ET) measurements are critical for water management and irrigation scheduling. With no historical ET measurements in eastern North Dakota, turfgrass ET rates were measured with the residual method using eddy covariance instrumentation and two arrays of soil moisture sensors on unirrigated turfgrass under natural conditions in the 2011, 2012, and 2013 growing seasons. An on-site weather station provided weather data to calculate the standardized grass-based reference evapotranspiration (ET) (). The daily ET/ET ratios were screened using the criteria of soil moisture ≥50% of available water for the top 30 cm of the root zone, rain amounts ≤10 mm, and a recovering period after drought. The screened monthly average ET/ET ratios for the unirrigated turfgrass were 1.03, 0.98, 0.94, 0.90, 0.82, and 1.18 from May to October. The mean ET/ET ratio for the entire growing seasons was 0.96, implying that the American Society of Civil Engineering–Environmental and Water Resource Institute ET method was valid for guiding the turfgrass ET calculation even in unirrigated and cold climate conditions. Because this is the first reported study on ET measurement of a turfgrass site, the limited data can provide a baseline on water management for turfgrass under various weather conditions in this region. The results indicated that a monthly refinement of ET/ET values might be required to maintain the landscape turfgrass quality more precisely in terms of water management.

High blood pressure or hypertension has been called the "silent killer", because it often has no warning signs or symptoms, and many people do not even know they have it. Over time, the constant pressure overload causes accumulating damage that eventually becomes more than your circulatory system can handle, often leading to serious health problems. Method: The present study is conducted to observe its prevalence in the city Faisalabad and its prescription trends by using retrospective method. The objective of this was to evaluate trends in prescription drug use among population living in the Faisalabad. Several hospitals in the area were visited for this article which includes DHQ, Allied Hospital, FIC and National hospitals. Results: The study explores which age group people, which gender is more prone towards this ailment. How lifestyle, diet and other factors affect blood pressure Moreover, it tells us how other diseases are interrelated with hypertension. It also provides information about the prescription trends of anti-hypertensive drugs. It elaborate that almost 47% male and 53% female are affected by this disease. Conclusion: Major cause of hypertension in female patients is angina and depression. Moreover, our data suggested that most of the outpatients with hypertension receive monotherapy and most frequently used class of drugs is the CCBs and ARBs. Studies showed that hypertension mostly coexist with heart diseases and other co-morbidities like diabetes. Any how the incidence of hypertension is dependent upon several factors like age, ethnicity, diet, and life style, environmental and physiological factors.

Evapotranspiration (ET) is widely employed to measure amounts of total water loss between land and atmosphere due to its major contribution to water balance on both regional and global scales. Considering challenges to quantifying nonlinear ET processes, machine learning (ML) techniques have been increasingly utilized to estimate ET due to their powerful advantage of capturing complex nonlinear structures and characteristics. However, limited studies have been conducted in subhumid climates to simulate local and spatial ETo using common ML methods. The current study aims to present a methodology that exempts local data in ETo simulation. The present study, therefore, seeks to estimate and compare reference ET (ETo) using four common ML methods with local and spatial approaches based on continuous 17-year daily climate data from six weather stations across the Red River Valley with subhumid climate. The four ML models have included Gene Expression Programming (GEP), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multiple Linear Regression (LR), and Random Forest (RF) with three input combinations of maximum and minimum air temperature-based (Tmax, Tmin), mass transfer-based (Tmax, Tmin, U: wind speed), and radiation-based (Rs: solar radiation, Tmax, Tmin) measurements. The estimates yielded by the four ML models were compared against each other by considering spatial and local approaches and four statistical indicators; namely, the root means square error (RMSE), the mean absolute error (MAE), correlation coefficient (r2), and scatter index (SI), which were used to assess the ML model’s performance. The comparison between combinations showed the lowest SI and RMSE values for the RF model with the radiation-based combination. Furthermore, the RF model showed the best performance for all combinations among the four defined models either spatially or locally. In general, the LR, GEP, and SVM models were improved when a local approach was used. The results showed the best performance for the radiation-based combination and the RF model with higher accuracy for all stations either locally or spatially, and the spatial SVM and GEP illustrated the lowest performance among the models and approaches.

Soil disturbance reduces plant-residue cover and can leave bare soil susceptible to erosion, extreme temperature fluctuations, and increased evaporation. Under such conditions, establishing vegetation is difficult. To overcome these difficulties, managing disturbed lands by applying surface cover may be a good step toward soil reclamation. Hydromulch is often applied to stabilize soil after disturbance, but its influence on soil temperature and evaporation has not been described. This study assessed soil temperature over time and used the surface energy balance to quantify evaporation from bare soil (0×), and two rates of hydromulch application, 1× and 3× (by weight) of manufacturer’s recommended rate. Diurnal temperature extremes were highest in the 0× and least in the 3×. Evaporation was highest in the 0× during the final 18 d of data collection and lowest in the 3×. These findings indicate that temperature fluctuations decrease and evaporation is reduced when hydromulch is applied to bare soil, suggesting it may aid in soil reclamation.