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In this paper, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method with dynamic generation of biasing factors is used to determine the optimal particle size, maximize cell spectral efficiency (CSE) and balance the load in 5G networks. This work studies two distinct interference scenarios: in the first approach, CSE is calculated with varying numbers of users, when different radio services are used by each tier (when several radio access technologies are used), and when interference is received by the consumer only from the same tier base stations (BSs). In the second approach, interference is created when all levels use the same radio services and interference from BSs belonging to the same tier and other tiers is received by the consumer. Simulation results show that the cell-less network performs better than the cellular network in terms of maximizing CSE and balancing the load.

The data of this work concluded that soft carbonated date bio-beverage with fortified Nano date press cake particles can be produced from date fruit extracts. In addition, date press cake (a main waste produced from date juice extraction from dates) contains valuable nutrients and is viable as food ingredient for the maintenance of a sustainable environment and economy. Therefore, this study intended to evaluate the effects of nanoparticles of date press cake and total soluble solids concentrations on physiochemical properties, microbiological quality, and sensory indices of soft carbonated date bio-beverage.The obtained results clarified that the total soluble solids ratio of soft carbonated date bio-beverage had a significant effect on physiochemical properties, i.e. moisture content, total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, glucose, fructose, ash%, color(IU), pH value, mineral composition (Ca, K, Na, Mg, P, and Fe mg/100g), probiotic bacteria, microbiological analysis, sensory indices, i.e. appearance, sweetness, flavor, acidity and overall acceptability. While fortification of soft carbonated date bio-beverage with nano date press cake particles had a significant effect on glucose, fructose, color (IU), probiotic bacteria, appearance, and overall acceptability. Generally, it can be concluded that a non-alcoholic beverage with 18% total soluble solids of date bio-beverage and 200.00 mg Nano date press cake particles is preferable in terms of physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory attributes and acceptability.

The world witnessed a pandemic that needs to be limited. COVID-19 is a disease that spreads among people when an infected person is in close contact with another. To decrease the virus spreading, World Health Organization (WHO) imposed precautionary measures and suggested some rules to be followed such as social distancing and quarantining the infected people. We propose a model, using D2D and IoT technology, for tracking infected persons with COVID-19 and its proximity. If a person (mobile device) gets close to an infected person, he will also get infected, so by continuous moving, the infection will be transmitted. Thus, identifying the infected persons and their contacts will limit the spread of the disease. In each scenario, it is possible to distinguish the number of infected people and know from whom they are infected, and the location of the infection. The simulation shows the tracking of a mobile device when proximate infected person at a distance of 3 meters. As a result, our proposed D2D model is effective, especially in the scenario which found the infected person with COVID-19, tracks them, determines minimum distances, and recognizes the source of the infection. Thus, the model can limit the rapid spread of COVID-19 as it determines the 3meters distance from infected person and send precaution messages to the network.

هدفت الدراسة إلى اختيار أفضل نموذج لحفظ نوع السمك قوس قزح أو (Trout) بالتجميد، حيث تمّ الحفظ بالنماذج التالية : S1 نموذج لعينة سمك قوس قزح غير منزوعة الأحشاء، S2 نموذج لعينة سمك قوس قزح منزوعة الأحشاء ، S3 نموذج لعينة سمك قوس قزح ، قُسمّت طولياً إلى قسمين متناظرين وغير منفصلين بعضهما عن بعض. تميّز النموذج S3 بالمحافظة أكثر على الخواص الحسية والمكونات الكيميائية حيث كانت النسب في نهاية التجميد للنموذج S1 (بروتين 15% ، دهن 7% ، آزوت طيّار 0.33% ، رقم بيروكسيد 0.61). كانت النسب في نهاية التجميد للنموذج S2 (بروتين 17% ،دهن 7.8 %، آزوت طيّار 0.33 % ، رقم البيروكسيد 0.61 ). كانت النسب في نهاية التجميد للنموذج S3 (، 17% ، 8.5% ، حموضة 0.61% ، آزوت طيّار 0.33% ). تبين أن النموذج S3 قد تفوق على النموذجين الآخرين بمقدرته في المحافظة على المكونات الكيميائية ويمكن أن يكون هذا النموذج صالحاً للتجميد لفترة 180 يوماً ، بينما النموذجين الآخرين الفترة المفضلة للحفظ بالتجميد هي 120 يوماً.

There are increasing concerns for the promising future of atmospheric water harvesters (AWH). AWH have been analysed theoretically and experimentally using different technologies such as Vapour Compression (VC) Thermoelectric (TE), Sorption (absorption, adsorption) and shape-based techniques. These techniques are suffering from low water harvesting or high energy consumption. The ammonia vapour absorption system (VAS) (which can be operated using renewable energy sources) has not yet been analysed experimentally. In this study, the AWH based on ammonia VAS has been studied experimentally, the effect of air flow velocity and ambient conditions have been analysed. The comparison between the existing techniques and VAS was performed to explore the possibility of implementing biomass, geothermal and solar energy in generating water from atmosphere, thus reducing the cost of the m3 of water produced.

Low-temperature heat sources are widely available in nature, they are considered to be unusable, even though the conversion of such low-grade energy into electricity (high-grade energy) is highly desirable. Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are achieving increasing interest in converting low temperature heat into electricity. TEG suffers from low performance, improving the performance of TEG will allow there use in huge engineering applications. In this paper the effect of heat transfer rate on the performance of TEGs will be analysed under both steady and transient conditions. Enhancing heat transfer from the TEG surface will be studied using a liquid saturated porous medium. Aluminium and copper particles are used and their influences are compared to forced convection heat transfer from TEG surfaces with and without liquids. The experimental results showed that power generated with Cu particles exceeds that of Al particles with 14%. The free to forced convection power generation ratio was 26.5% for Al,36% for Cu and the enhancement of TEG performance reached 149% for liquid saturated Cu particles.

This project aims to investigate the best machine learning (ML) algorithm for classifying sounds originating from the environment that were considered noise pollution in smart cities. Sound collection was carried out using necessary sound capture tools, after which ML classification models were utilized for sound recognition. Additionally, noise pollution monitoring using Python was conducted to provide accurate results for sixteen different types of noise that were collected in sixteen cities in Malaysia. The numbers on the diagonal represent the correctly classified noises from the test set. Using these correlation matrices, the F1 score was calculated, and a comparison was performed for all models. The best model was found to be random forest.

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) type in Syria is Lashmania infantum, a fatal incapacitating disease, which is mostly seen in infants. Subjects and Methods: Hospital records of 19 children with VL were retrospectively reviewed. The period of the study was from June 2016 to July 2019. Results: The median age of the patients was 45.5 months. None was coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus or known to be immunocompromised. Pallor and anemia were observed in all cases, fever in 13 (68.42%), splenomegaly in 18 (94.7%), hepatomegaly in 11 (57.9%), thrombocytopenia in 15 (78.95%), and leukopenia in nine (47.4%). A bone marrow aspirate was obtained and Leishmania amastigotes were detected in all patients. All patients were initially treated with meglumine antimonate; one child did not respond and was treated with lipid formulations of amphotericin B. Conclusions: Presentation of VL in the pediatric age group is characterized by pallor, fever, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly. Hematological and biochemical indices are typical with cytopenias. In all cases, microscopic examination provided a positive diagnosis. Despite recent reports on decreased responses to antimonial drugs of patients with Mediterranean VL, meglumine antimonate treatment appears to be still highly effective in Syria.

The 3GPP release for 5G (R15) assigns each User Equipment (UE) a radio beam by employing Massive Multi-User MU-Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. Each beam carries, at the downlink, a data rate according to the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) assigned by the base station (BS). For the limited existence of active UEs and during vacant traffic or standby UEs, the assigned beams will be transmitted, but not to any UE. This paper proposes a new scheme that consolidates vacant beams of inactive UEs, to the adjacent beam of the active UE or UE at the cell edge to duplicate the bandwidth of the new beam. The proposed scheme increases the level of desired modulation and coding scheme (MCS) to a higher scheme and hence enhances the spectral efficiency (SE) of the 5G mobile networks. Specifically, the BS consolidates (combines) multiple radio beams along with the assigned beam during vacant traffic. More than two beams are consolidated in particular to the active UE to increase the bit rate by assigning higher MCS. The simulation evaluation depicted that the performance of beams consolidation provides a gain of 3.5 dB above than the state before beams consolidation. Moreover, more than 40 % improvement in UE throughput is achieved.

Over the past few decades, there have been rapid advances in solid-state technology as well as a reduction in cost. This, coupled with the functionality and efficiency improvements they afford, has resulted in a massive increase in the use of electronic devices. Where traditionally, there were a few well-known nonlinear loads that needed to be considered, now there are numerous low-power devices. Although individually insignificant, collectively, they are very significant. This paper presents a tensor-based harmonic analysis approach that is capable of capturing important interactions while being computationally efficient enough to model a large distribution system. Numerical experiments are used to highlight the advantages of the tensor framework. Numerous papers have investigated the tensor parametrisation or its mathematical equivalent—harmonically coupled admittance matrices (also known as frequency coupling matrices). However, this paper, for the first time, demonstrates how these models can be applied to perform harmonic modelling of a complete low voltage (LV) distribution system.

Secondary quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) derived from three natural amino acids (L-Leucine, L-Phenylalanine and L-Methionine) bearing 1,3,4-oxadiazole and acetic acid moieties have been synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their preliminary in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity against different bacterial and fungal strains. All the synthesized compounds showed varying degrees of inhibition against the tested microorganisms. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v10i7.990

This research was carried out to evaluate nine reference evapotranspiration, and find out an alternative models to the standard FAO Penman-Monteith model in Traghen region southwest of Libya. The models applied were standard FAO Penman-Monteith, FAO Radiation, FAO Blaney-Criddle, Hargreaves-Samani, Priestley-Taylor, Makkink, Turc, Thornthwaite, Kharrufa and McCloud. The models were compared with the FAO Penman-Monteith model using root mean square error (RMSE) , mean bias error (MBE), Pearson type goodness of fit index (R2), refined index of agreement (dr), modeling efficiency (Ef) and t-test. Results showed that FAO Radiation and FAO Blaney-Criddle models overestimated ETo by values ranged from 0.64% to 16.06%. However, Kharrufa and McCloud models overestimated ETo in some months and underestimated ETo in some other months. Whereas, the other models underestimated ETo by values ranged from -86.69 % to -6.02%. The FAO radiation model gave the highest dr (0.892) and Ef (0.951) values, and the lowest RMSE (0.534 mm/day), indicating that this model was the best alternative to the FAO Penman-Monteith model in the study region, followed by FAO Blaney-Criddle model with dr value of 0.851, Ef value of 0.878, and RMSE value of 0.845 mm/day. In addition, FAO radiation model showed the second best R2 and MBE values at 0.993 and 0.473, respectively Also, FAO Blaney-Criddle model showed the third best R2 value at 0.989. Therefore, FAO radiation model is ranked the first and FAO Blaney-Criddle model is ranked the second. According to the statistical measures stated above, Turc model ranked the third, Kharrufa model ranked forth. Models of Hargreaves-Samani, Makkink, Priestley-Taylor, McCloud and Thornthwaite ranked fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth, respectively. T-test analysis at 5% level of significance indicated that there is a significant difference between the FAO Penman-Monteith model and all models except Kharrufa and McCloud models.

Herein, we report a facile process for the preparation of styrene and methyl-methacrylate copolymer nanocomposites containing reduced graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles ((R-(GO-(PS-PMMA))/AgNPs)) by using (i) microwave irradiation (MWI) to obtain R-(GO-(PS-PMMA))/AgNPs and (ii) the in situ bulk polymerization technique to produce RGO/AgNPs-(PS-PMMA). Various characterization techniques, including FT-IR, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, DSC, and TGA analysis, were used to characterize the prepared nanocomposites. The Berkovich nanoindentation method was employed to determine the hardness and elastic modulus of the nanocomposites. The results showed that the MWI-produced nanocomposites were found to have enhanced morphological, structural, and thermal properties compared with those of the nanocomposites prepared by the in situ method. In addition, the antibacterial activity of the prepared nanocomposites against the E. coli HB 101 K-12 was investigated, whereby an inhibition zone of 3 mm (RGO/AgNPs-(PS-PMMA) and 27 mm (R-(GO-(PS-PMMA))/AgNPs) was achieved. This indicates that the MWI-prepared nanocomposite has stronger antibacterial activity than the in situ-prepared nanocomposite.

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The task of teaching and learning is a dynamic process which requires continuous struggle for the improvements of this process through research. The development of the innovative teaching strategies may enhance the interest of learners in the learning process. Over the past many decades, Problem Based Learning (PBL) has achieved importance in the medical education because of its usefulness and effectiveness in learning. The successful development and further improvements in any of teaching strategy depends upon the feedback. Objective of the study is to evaluate the perception of medical students about the PBL as a teaching strategy. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study has been conducted in the setting of pathology department, faculty of medicine, Northern Border University, Arar-Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. After getting the ethical approval (reference number: 431018129) from the Local Committee of Bioethics at Northern Border University, the questionnaire has been distributed among the 3rd year MBBS student. The study duration is one year which started from January 2022 and completed in December 2022. The sample size was calculated by using Cochram formula with a confidence level of 95%, margin of error of 5%, estimated variance for proportion is 50% and the number of medical students enrolled in third year MBBS. With the help of sample size calculator, the sample size was determined which turn out to be 140. Two hundred questionnaire have been distributed among the willing medical students of this class by a convenience sampling technique. Results: A total of one hundred and forty-one completely filled responses had been received from the medical students. The response rate is 70.5%. According to the perception of majority of the students, the PBL has improved their skills of giving good presentations and help to work in collaborations. A significant number of them think that the PBL has improved their understanding regarding the diseases. The challenges in the PBL sessions include an irrelevant discussion by some of students due to lack of knowledge, significant time consumption in gathering & arranging the learning material and the number of students in the PBL group. Conclusion: This study highlighted merits and some of challenges of PBL according to the students' perception. The students' reflection regarding the PBL may be helpful for the further improvement of this teaching strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A natural alternative anesthetic, such as neem (Azadirachta indica) seed powder, may offer safer and more environmentally friendly practices in aquaculture. This study aims to assess its efficacy and safety on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) across different weight groups. Seven groups of common carp weighing between 20 and 89 g were exposed to neem seed powder. The time required for each fish to attain stage 3 of anesthesia (total loss of equilibrium) and to recover were recorded. The largest group of fish (80–89 g) was selected for subsequent blood tests due to its sensitivity to the anesthetic action of the neem seed powder. The results showed that the lowest-weight fish group (20–29 g) required more time to attain anesthesia at all dosages (12.98–21.13 min) compared to the maximum weight group (80–89 g) (8.83–16.85 min). Recovery times were not significantly impacted by varying anesthetic doses, but shorter recovery times were associated with large fish size. Although neem seed powder at concentration of 5–10 g∙L -1 significantly affected blood parameters, such as decreased red blood cell count and increased white blood cell and blood glucose levels, no fish morbidity or mortality was observed. Therefore, neem seed powder (up to 10 g∙L -1) can be safely and effectively used to sedate common carp as an alternative to synthetic chemical anesthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personalized medicine, a cornerstone of modern healthcare, aims to tailor medical treatments to individual characteristics, including genetics, lifestyle, and environment. This article explores emerging trends in personalized medicine, highlighting advancements in genomic medicine, precision diagnostics, targeted therapies, immunotherapy, digital health, wearable technologies, and integrative approaches. Key topics include the use of genomic sequencing technologies for personalized treatment plans, innovative diagnostic techniques enabling early detection and accurate disease monitoring, and the development of targeted therapies and companion diagnostics. Additionally, the role of immunotherapy in revolutionizing cancer treatment and the integration of digital health tools and wearable devices in personalized care are discussed. By considering holistic health and lifestyle factors, personalized medicine offers promising avenues to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying the history of minorities in Iraq has been an important field of interest for many scholars. This study (The Role of British Diplomats in Yazidis Affairs in Iraq, 1932–1939) is an attempt to present and analyze the role of the British diplomats toward the affairs relating to the Yazidi minority in Iraq during a very important period in the latter’s cotemporary history. The Yazidis, who had been living in Sinjar, a sub-district of Mosul in northern Iraq, had been in continuous conflict with Ottoman authorities. This was partly due to their refusal to perform mandatory military service (compulsory conscription) and pay taxes. Ottoman campaigns were conducted against them to subjugate them by force to Ottoman rule. This was the reason for their isolating themselves in a mountainous area far from the city center. When the British developed influence in Iraq, an opportunity was presented to the Yazidis to defend themselves. Their leaders asked British authorities to defend their interests and to help them get rid of the oppression of the Ottomans. For the purpose of establishing British influence among the Yazidis, the former called the Yazidi leaders to hold a conference and issue a plea to the British authorities in Iraq to include them under British protection. Britain was planning to set up a Yazidi princedom in Sinjar to serve as a buffer between Iraq and Syria, kipping the French away from oil fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]